汶川大地震后灾区儿童青少年心理健康状况调查
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摘要
目的探讨5.12汶川大地震灾区11～16岁儿童青少年的心理健康状况及其影响因素,为创伤后心理危机干预提供依据。方法在地震发生后1个月,使用长处与困难问卷(SDQ)学生版,调查了540名来自于灾区的儿童青少年〔平均年龄(13.82±0.98)岁,男女比例1.06∶1〕的心理健康状况及其影响因素。结果①灾区儿童青少年SDQ总困难分平均为13.41±5.71,74.6%的儿童青少年报告自身存在主观困难;②暴露水平较高的儿童青少年其情绪因子得分较高(z=-2.323,P=0.020);③女性的情绪因子得分高于男性(z=-4.985,P=0.000);④困难对儿童青少年学习方面造成的影响随年龄增加(χ2=9.106,P=0.011);⑤SDQ总困难分受震后儿童青少年被转移至安全地点的间隔时间的影响,时间越长,该分值出现异常的危险性越大(OR=1.233,P=0.003)。结论震后灾区儿童青少年的心理健康状况受到暴露水平、性别、年龄以及震后被转移至安全地点的时间的影响,心理干预应综合考虑相关因素。
Objective To examine the mental health status of 11-16 years old children exposed to the 5.12 WenChuan earthquake and to help develop post-traumatic psychological interventions. Methods The self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)was administered to 540 children(mean age:13.82±0.98,male/female ratio 1.06∶1)from the earthquake affected areas one month after the earthquake. Results ① The children had an average difficulty score(T score)of 13.41±5.71,with 74.6% reporting at least minor perceived difficulties. ② The children with higher levels of exposure had higher emotional subscale scores(z=-2.323,P=0.020). ③ The female students had higher emotional subscale scores than the male students (z=-4.985,P=0.000). ④ The impact of the difficulties on the children's learning increased with age(z=9.106,P=0.011). ⑤ The longer the children lived in the transferred safe places,the more likely the children got an abnormal(OR=1.233,P=0.003)Conclusion The mental health status of the children from the earthquake affected areas are influenced by their exposure levels,gender,age and the length of living in transferred safe places. These factors should be taken into considerations when post-traumatic psychological interventions are planned.
Objective To examine the mental health status of 11-16 years old children exposed to the 5.12 WenChuan earthquake and to help develop post-traumatic psychological interventions. Methods The self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)was administered to 540 children(mean age:13.82±0.98,male/female ratio 1.06∶1)from the earthquake affected areas one month after the earthquake. Results ① The children had an average difficulty score(T score)of 13.41±5.71,with 74.6% reporting at least minor perceived difficulties. ② The children with higher levels of exposure had higher emotional subscale scores(z=-2.323,P=0.020). ③ The female students had higher emotional subscale scores than the male students (z=-4.985,P=0.000). ④ The impact of the difficulties on the children's learning increased with age(z=9.106,P=0.011). ⑤ The longer the children lived in the transferred safe places,the more likely the children got an abnormal(OR=1.233,P=0.003)Conclusion The mental health status of the children from the earthquake affected areas are influenced by their exposure levels,gender,age and the length of living in transferred safe places. These factors should be taken into considerations when post-traumatic psychological interventions are planned.
引文
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2Goodman R.Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire.J Am Acad Child&Adolesc Psychiatry,2001;40(11):1337-1345.
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4刘书君.长处和困难问卷(SDQ)中文版的信度和效度研究.四川大学硕士论文集,2006;6-7.
5Ronning JA,Handegaard BH,Sourander A,et al.The Strengths and Difficulties Self-Report Questionnaire as a screening instrument in Norwegian community samples.Eur Child&Adolesc Psychiatry,2004;13(2):73-82.
6Verhulst FC,Achenbach TM,Van der EJ,et al.Comparisonsof problems reported by youths from seven countries.Am J Psychiatry,2003;160(8):1479-1485.
7Goodman R,Ford T,Si mmons H,et al.Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)to screen for child psychiatric disorders in a community sample.Int Rev Psychiatry,2003;15(1-2):166-172.
8Goodman R,Ford T,Si mmons H,et al.Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)to screen for child psychiatric disorders in a community sample.Br J Psychiatry,2000;177(6):534-539.
9Van Roy B,Groholt B,Heyerdahl S,et al.Self-reported strengths and difficultiesin a large Norwegian population10-19years:age and gender specific results of the extended SDQ-questionnaire.Eur Child&Adolesc Psychiatry,2006;15(4):189-198.
10Pynoos RS,Goenjian AK,Karakshian M,et al.Post-traumatic stress reactions in children after the1988Armenian earthquake.Br J Psychiatry,1993;163:239-247.
11Giannopoulou I,Strouthos M,Smith P,et al.Post-traumatic stress reactions of children and adolescents exposed to the Athens1999earthquake.Eur Psychiatry,2006;21(3):160-166.
2Goodman R.Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire.J Am Acad Child&Adolesc Psychiatry,2001;40(11):1337-1345.
3刘书君,黄颐,邓先华等.中文版长处和困难量表的初步因子分析.华西医学,2006;21(2):295-296.
4刘书君.长处和困难问卷(SDQ)中文版的信度和效度研究.四川大学硕士论文集,2006;6-7.
5Ronning JA,Handegaard BH,Sourander A,et al.The Strengths and Difficulties Self-Report Questionnaire as a screening instrument in Norwegian community samples.Eur Child&Adolesc Psychiatry,2004;13(2):73-82.
6Verhulst FC,Achenbach TM,Van der EJ,et al.Comparisonsof problems reported by youths from seven countries.Am J Psychiatry,2003;160(8):1479-1485.
7Goodman R,Ford T,Si mmons H,et al.Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)to screen for child psychiatric disorders in a community sample.Int Rev Psychiatry,2003;15(1-2):166-172.
8Goodman R,Ford T,Si mmons H,et al.Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)to screen for child psychiatric disorders in a community sample.Br J Psychiatry,2000;177(6):534-539.
9Van Roy B,Groholt B,Heyerdahl S,et al.Self-reported strengths and difficultiesin a large Norwegian population10-19years:age and gender specific results of the extended SDQ-questionnaire.Eur Child&Adolesc Psychiatry,2006;15(4):189-198.
10Pynoos RS,Goenjian AK,Karakshian M,et al.Post-traumatic stress reactions in children after the1988Armenian earthquake.Br J Psychiatry,1993;163:239-247.
11Giannopoulou I,Strouthos M,Smith P,et al.Post-traumatic stress reactions of children and adolescents exposed to the Athens1999earthquake.Eur Psychiatry,2006;21(3):160-166.
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