四川省中兴镇地震后病媒生物现状研究
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摘要
目的了解汶川大地震对病媒生物及相关传染病产生的影响,及时掌握地震灾区病媒生物种类、密度和相关生态习性,为病媒生物性疾病风险评估提供科学依据。方法采用笼诱法、灯诱法、目测法和网捕法进行病媒生物密度监测和蚊、蝇种类本底调查。结果地震灾区蚊、蝇、鼠、蚤成虫密度都非常低,均在参考指标以下,但粪便中幼虫控制较差,阳性率较高;调查蚊、蝇800多只,经鉴定蝇类隶属4科28属42种,蚊类隶属1科3属5种;蝇类的黑尾黑麻蝇、厩腐蝇、家蝇和蚊类的三带喙库蚊、致倦库蚊为优势种。结论从总体上分析,地震后杀虫、灭鼠是行之有效的,为确保大灾之后无大疫,防止灾后疾病流行起到了关键作用,但还存在杀灭过度和杀灭不彻底等不合理现象;要建立病媒控制长效机制,完善灾后病媒控制队伍建设。
Objective To evaluate the impact Wenchuan earthquake exerted on vectors and vector-borne diseases and identify the species,density dynamics and ecologic patterns,providing scientific basis for the risk assessments of vector-borne diseases.Methods The density of vectors was monitored using such approaches as cage traps,light traps,visual observation and mist net capture,the species of mosquitoes and flies investigated.Results Low density of mosquitoes,flies,mice and fleas in the earthquake-stricken areas was identified,clearly below the reference indexes.However,high positive rates of larvae in stool were found.More than 800 mosquitoes and flies were captured,flies belonging to 42 species,28 genera and 4 families and mosquitoes belonging to 5 species,3 genera and 1 family.Helicophagella melanura,Mascina stabulans,Musca domestica,Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus were dominant species there.Conclusion Aggregate analysis revealed that vector control was effective and played a key role in preventing the occurrence of major epidemics after the earthquake.However,redundant and inadequate vector control was still noticed.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a long-term effective mechanism in conjunction with comprehensive responding teams for prompt emergency response.
Objective To evaluate the impact Wenchuan earthquake exerted on vectors and vector-borne diseases and identify the species,density dynamics and ecologic patterns,providing scientific basis for the risk assessments of vector-borne diseases.Methods The density of vectors was monitored using such approaches as cage traps,light traps,visual observation and mist net capture,the species of mosquitoes and flies investigated.Results Low density of mosquitoes,flies,mice and fleas in the earthquake-stricken areas was identified,clearly below the reference indexes.However,high positive rates of larvae in stool were found.More than 800 mosquitoes and flies were captured,flies belonging to 42 species,28 genera and 4 families and mosquitoes belonging to 5 species,3 genera and 1 family.Helicophagella melanura,Mascina stabulans,Musca domestica,Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus were dominant species there.Conclusion Aggregate analysis revealed that vector control was effective and played a key role in preventing the occurrence of major epidemics after the earthquake.However,redundant and inadequate vector control was still noticed.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a long-term effective mechanism in conjunction with comprehensive responding teams for prompt emergency response.
引文
[1]刘起勇.汶川地震灾区病媒生物监测方案(试行)[S].北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2008.
[2]中国疾病预防控制中心.全国病媒生物监测方案(试行)[EB/OL].h ttp//www.chinacdc.net.cn/n272442/n272530/n294176/n339986/appendix/20050810008.pdf
[3]范滋德.中国常见蝇类检索表[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,1992:30-806.
[4]薛万琦,赵建铭.中国蝇类[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1996:634-1656.
[5]陆宝麟.中国重要医学动物鉴定手册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1982:17-159.
[2]中国疾病预防控制中心.全国病媒生物监测方案(试行)[EB/OL].h ttp//www.chinacdc.net.cn/n272442/n272530/n294176/n339986/appendix/20050810008.pdf
[3]范滋德.中国常见蝇类检索表[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,1992:30-806.
[4]薛万琦,赵建铭.中国蝇类[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1996:634-1656.
[5]陆宝麟.中国重要医学动物鉴定手册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1982:17-159.
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