地震信号去噪的最优小波基选取方法
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摘要
利用小波技术进行地震信号去噪处理的效果与最优小波基的选取有关。本文在剖析地震信号特点的基础上,首先从理论上讨论小波基选取准则,再从实验角度进行对比选择,提出在进行小波分解和重构时应分别选择不同的小波基函数,以保证重构信号的精确度,增强对地震信号的处理能力。此方法改变了以往分解与重构处理时均采用同一小波基函数的做法。文中最终选择适合于地震信号去噪处理的bior2.4小波基。对实际资料处理效果的对比分析表明,应用bior2.4小波基处理地震数据,不仅去噪效果好,而且在结果数据中能提取地震信号的有效低频和高频成分,拓宽了地震信号有效频带,并同时提高了地震信号的信噪比和分辨率。
The effect of utilizing wavelet technology to conduct seismic signal noise elimination is related to selection of optimistic wavelet basis.The effect of using wavelet technology to eliminate the noise in seismic signal is related to the selection of optimal wavelet basis.Based on the analysis of characteristics of seismic signal,the paper discussed the selection criterion of wavelet basis theoretically,conducted the correlation and selection of wavelet basis from the test view and finally presented the suggestion that different wavelet basis function should be selected in decomposition and reconstruction of wavelet transform to assure the accuracy of the reconstructed signal and enhance the processing capability for seismic signal.The new approach changed the past routine way that the same wavelet basis function was used in decomposition and reconstruction of wavelet transform.The bior2.4 wavelet basis which is suitable for seismic signal noise elimination is finally selected in this paper.The correlation results of field seismic data processing show that applying the bior2.4 wavelet basis in seismic data processing not only achieves the better effect of noise elimination,but can extract the effective component of low and high frequency seismic signal from result data,broaden effective frequency and raise the resolution and S/N ratio of seismic signal.
The effect of utilizing wavelet technology to conduct seismic signal noise elimination is related to selection of optimistic wavelet basis.The effect of using wavelet technology to eliminate the noise in seismic signal is related to the selection of optimal wavelet basis.Based on the analysis of characteristics of seismic signal,the paper discussed the selection criterion of wavelet basis theoretically,conducted the correlation and selection of wavelet basis from the test view and finally presented the suggestion that different wavelet basis function should be selected in decomposition and reconstruction of wavelet transform to assure the accuracy of the reconstructed signal and enhance the processing capability for seismic signal.The new approach changed the past routine way that the same wavelet basis function was used in decomposition and reconstruction of wavelet transform.The bior2.4 wavelet basis which is suitable for seismic signal noise elimination is finally selected in this paper.The correlation results of field seismic data processing show that applying the bior2.4 wavelet basis in seismic data processing not only achieves the better effect of noise elimination,but can extract the effective component of low and high frequency seismic signal from result data,broaden effective frequency and raise the resolution and S/N ratio of seismic signal.
引文
[1]许建文,汪坚,吴江宁等.小波分析在地质地震数据去噪中的运用.重庆交通学院学报,2007,26(1):108~110Xu Jian-wen,Wang Jian,Wu Jiang-ning et al.Appli-cation of the wevelet analysis to the de-noising withseimic data processing.Journal of Chongqing Jiao-tong University,2007,26(1):108~110
[2]张旭东,詹毅,马永琴.不同信号的小波变换去噪方法.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(增刊):118~123Zhang Xu-dong,Zhan Yi,Ma Yong-qin.Approachesof de-noise by wavelet transform of different signals.OGP,2007,42(supplement):118~123
[3]刘天佑,盛秋红,杨宇山.复小波频谱分析在地震数据处理中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(增刊):73~75Liu Tian-you,Sheng Qiu-hong,Yang Yu-shan.Ap-plication of frequency spectrum analysis of complexwavelet to seismic data processing.OGP,2007,42(Supplement):73~75
[4]陈文超,汪文秉,赵荣椿.地震小波的构造及在提高地震信号分辨率中的应用.煤田地质与勘探,2003,31(5):46~48Chen Wen-chao,Wang Wen-bing,Zhao Rong-chun.Ground penetrating radar(seismic)wavelet construc-ting and application to high resolution processing ofseismic data.Coal Geology&Exploration,2003,31(5):46~48
[5]李春峰,Christopher Liner.基于小波多尺度分析的奇性指数:一种新地震属性.地球物理学报,2005,48(4):882~888Li Chun-feng,Christopher Liner.Singularity expo-nent from wavelet based multi-scale analysis:A newseismic attribute.Chinese J Geophys,2005,48(4):882~888
[6]彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用.北京:科学出版社,1999:85~97
[7]张华,潘冬明,张兴岩.二维小波变换在去除面波干扰中的应用.石油物探,2007,46(2):147~150Zhang Hua,Pan Dong-ming,Zhang Xing-yan.Appli-cation of 2D wavelet transformation in eliminatingsurface wave interference.Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2007,46(2):147~150
[8]李媛媛.小波变换去除面波的方法研究[博士论文].陕西西安:长安大学,2004,27~38Li Yuan-yuan.Method Research of eliminating sur-face wave base of wavelet transform[D].Chang’anUniversity,2004,27~38
[9]高玉宝,查代奉,江金龙.一种新的最优小波基选择准则及其应用.通信技术,2008,41(11):185~187Gao Yu-bao,Zha Dai-feng,Jiang Jin-long.Selectingcriteria and application of optimal wavelet basis re-garding stable-distribution signals.CommunicationsTechnology,2008,41(11):185~187
[10]柳建新,韩世礼,马捷.小波分析在地震资料去噪中的应用.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):541~545Liu Jian-xin,Han Shi-li,Ma Jie.Application of wave-let analysis in seismic data de-noising.Progress inGeophysics,2006,21(2):541~545
[11]郭铁拴,刘兰波,张晓东.地质地震技术指标的标定研究.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):454~459Guo Tie-shuan,Liu Lan-bo,Zhang Xiao-dong.Oncalibration of the technical parameters of geologicalradar.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(2):454~459
[12]李嘉,郭成超,王复明,张景伟.探地雷达应用概述.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):629~637Li Jia,Guo Cheng-chao,Wang Fu-ming,Zhang Jing-wei.The summary of the surface ground penetrating radar ap-plied in subsurface investigation.Progress in Geophys-ics,2007,22(2):629~637
[13]金解放,赵奎,王晓军等.岩石声发射信号处理小波基选择的研究.矿业研究与开发,2007,27(2):12~15Jin Jie-fang,Zhao Kui,Wang Xiao-jun et al.Study onselection of wavelet basis for processing of rock a-coustic emission signal.Mining Research and Devel-opment,2007,27(2):12~15
[2]张旭东,詹毅,马永琴.不同信号的小波变换去噪方法.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(增刊):118~123Zhang Xu-dong,Zhan Yi,Ma Yong-qin.Approachesof de-noise by wavelet transform of different signals.OGP,2007,42(supplement):118~123
[3]刘天佑,盛秋红,杨宇山.复小波频谱分析在地震数据处理中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(增刊):73~75Liu Tian-you,Sheng Qiu-hong,Yang Yu-shan.Ap-plication of frequency spectrum analysis of complexwavelet to seismic data processing.OGP,2007,42(Supplement):73~75
[4]陈文超,汪文秉,赵荣椿.地震小波的构造及在提高地震信号分辨率中的应用.煤田地质与勘探,2003,31(5):46~48Chen Wen-chao,Wang Wen-bing,Zhao Rong-chun.Ground penetrating radar(seismic)wavelet construc-ting and application to high resolution processing ofseismic data.Coal Geology&Exploration,2003,31(5):46~48
[5]李春峰,Christopher Liner.基于小波多尺度分析的奇性指数:一种新地震属性.地球物理学报,2005,48(4):882~888Li Chun-feng,Christopher Liner.Singularity expo-nent from wavelet based multi-scale analysis:A newseismic attribute.Chinese J Geophys,2005,48(4):882~888
[6]彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用.北京:科学出版社,1999:85~97
[7]张华,潘冬明,张兴岩.二维小波变换在去除面波干扰中的应用.石油物探,2007,46(2):147~150Zhang Hua,Pan Dong-ming,Zhang Xing-yan.Appli-cation of 2D wavelet transformation in eliminatingsurface wave interference.Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2007,46(2):147~150
[8]李媛媛.小波变换去除面波的方法研究[博士论文].陕西西安:长安大学,2004,27~38Li Yuan-yuan.Method Research of eliminating sur-face wave base of wavelet transform[D].Chang’anUniversity,2004,27~38
[9]高玉宝,查代奉,江金龙.一种新的最优小波基选择准则及其应用.通信技术,2008,41(11):185~187Gao Yu-bao,Zha Dai-feng,Jiang Jin-long.Selectingcriteria and application of optimal wavelet basis re-garding stable-distribution signals.CommunicationsTechnology,2008,41(11):185~187
[10]柳建新,韩世礼,马捷.小波分析在地震资料去噪中的应用.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):541~545Liu Jian-xin,Han Shi-li,Ma Jie.Application of wave-let analysis in seismic data de-noising.Progress inGeophysics,2006,21(2):541~545
[11]郭铁拴,刘兰波,张晓东.地质地震技术指标的标定研究.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):454~459Guo Tie-shuan,Liu Lan-bo,Zhang Xiao-dong.Oncalibration of the technical parameters of geologicalradar.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(2):454~459
[12]李嘉,郭成超,王复明,张景伟.探地雷达应用概述.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):629~637Li Jia,Guo Cheng-chao,Wang Fu-ming,Zhang Jing-wei.The summary of the surface ground penetrating radar ap-plied in subsurface investigation.Progress in Geophys-ics,2007,22(2):629~637
[13]金解放,赵奎,王晓军等.岩石声发射信号处理小波基选择的研究.矿业研究与开发,2007,27(2):12~15Jin Jie-fang,Zhao Kui,Wang Xiao-jun et al.Study onselection of wavelet basis for processing of rock a-coustic emission signal.Mining Research and Devel-opment,2007,27(2):12~15
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