汶川地震中大批量伤员的应急救护
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摘要
总结报道在2008年5月12日四川省汶川地区8.0级特大地震大量地震伤员救治护理中创造了"4个第一"救治护理的方法和体会。医院迅速启动应对突发事件紧急预案,20min内将1629例病人全部转移至院内安全地带;野战医疗队队员10min集结完毕赶赴灾区,是到达灾区的第一支医疗队;全力接收地震伤员,1d内接收伤员1863例,分区安置,分类治疗,确保了所有伤员都能得到及时、正确、有效的治疗。针对重症伤员处置过程中的矛盾,采取专家集体会诊制度,每日2次定时汇报病情,针对救治中的矛盾提出解决问题的办法,确保了危重症伤员的生命安全。院领导重视及应急预案的有效实施是抢救成功的保障;快速准确分类是成功救治的必要前提;完善的急救应急机制及先进的急救设备是抢救成功的必备条件;平时的训练有素和精湛技术是救治成功的必要保证。
This paper summarizes the experience in carrying out emergency rescue and treatment of large mass wounded personnel in the Wenchuan earthquake, which registered 8.0 on the Richter scales as follows:The hospital promptly started the contingency plan, took 1 629 wounded personnel to the in-hospital safe area within 20 minutes, and the field medical team assembled within 10 minutes for the disaster area, being the first medical team to arrive.The wounded were placed in different zones and treated according to the condition and type of the injuries, thus timely and proper treatment being ensured for every of them.For the disagreement in treatment options for the heavily wounded, the expert group consultation system was adopted, according to which report of the condition of the victims should be made twice at the fixed times to help ensure the safety of life.The importance attached by the hospital leadership and the effective carrying out of the contingency plan are the guarantee of the successful rescue and treatment, quick and proper classification of the wounded is the prerequisite, the perfect contingency mechanism and sophisticated emergency treatment facilities are the necessity, and good training and consummate skills and techniques are also indispensable.
This paper summarizes the experience in carrying out emergency rescue and treatment of large mass wounded personnel in the Wenchuan earthquake, which registered 8.0 on the Richter scales as follows:The hospital promptly started the contingency plan, took 1 629 wounded personnel to the in-hospital safe area within 20 minutes, and the field medical team assembled within 10 minutes for the disaster area, being the first medical team to arrive.The wounded were placed in different zones and treated according to the condition and type of the injuries, thus timely and proper treatment being ensured for every of them.For the disagreement in treatment options for the heavily wounded, the expert group consultation system was adopted, according to which report of the condition of the victims should be made twice at the fixed times to help ensure the safety of life.The importance attached by the hospital leadership and the effective carrying out of the contingency plan are the guarantee of the successful rescue and treatment, quick and proper classification of the wounded is the prerequisite, the perfect contingency mechanism and sophisticated emergency treatment facilities are the necessity, and good training and consummate skills and techniques are also indispensable.
引文
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[2]沈伟锋,易建华,干建新,等.大型场馆突发群体创伤事件现场医疗应对策略探讨[J].中华医院管理杂志,2008,24(2):82-83.
[3]武秀昆.破坏性地震医疗救护应急预案制定要点[J].中华医院管理杂志,2002,18(12):720-722.
[4]潘成彪,赵丽君.一个提升急救护理水平的模式[J].南方护理学报,2005,12(12):79-80.
[5]孙志刚,李宏立.地震伤员分类的方法和原则[J].灾害学,2001,16(1):61-64.
[6]郭景林,谭小运.震区现场实施伤员收容分类的原则和方法[J].人民军医,1998,41(7):375.
[7]周春兰,吴艳妮,李小云,等.53例地震伤员后方医院救治期间的病情观察[J].护理学报,2008,15(10):86-88.
[8]彭迎春,刘兰秋,关丽征,等.公共场所从业人员急救知识培训状况与需求探讨[J].中华医院管理杂志,2008,24(2):78-79.
[9]李晓光,李唐林,苏均平,等.5·12大地震紧急医疗救援实践与探讨[J].解放军医院管理杂志,2008,15(5):404-406.
[10]黎檀实.加强我国紧急医疗服务体系应对重大灾难事件的研究[J].中国危重病急救医学,2003,15(12):707-709.
[11]王曼,宋雁宾,张红,等.批量伤员医院内急救相关研究进展[J].护理学报,2008,15(9):33-35.
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