四川5·12地震住院伤员心身状态调查及急性期心理干预
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摘要
目的:了解地震住院伤员的身心状态,进行针对性心理干预。方法:采用方便抽样,应用作者根据应激理论设计的应激身心反应调查表[1],通过对地震伤员的观察和访谈,对在2008年5月12日至5月30日在四川大学华西医院住院的371名地震伤员进行身心状态的评估,并进行有针对性的心理干预。结果:①地震伤员灾后急性期心身应激反应较严重,其中出现频率最多的症状是睡眠困难,对突然的噪音或声音感到紧张害怕,心情沮丧,感到身体紧张,心情难以平静;②不同性别地震伤员身心反应存在一定差异,女性反应症状重于男性;③年龄在小于12岁、12～18岁和41～50岁年龄段地震伤员的身心反应与其他年龄段地震伤员的身心反应存在差异;④地震伤员的身心反应与其性别、年龄、文化、个人受伤情况有关。结论:地震伤员灾后身心反应严重,急性期给予针对性心理干预十分重要。
Objective:To understand of the mental and physical state of earthquake wounded patients and to targete the psychological intervention.Methods:The Convenience Sampling was used and the questionnaire is:the Physical and Mental State Assessment Scale designed by the author according to the physical and psychological symptoms of acute stress.Through the interview and observation,the investigation had the the assessment of physical and mental state of the earthquake injured From May 12 to 30,2008 in West China Hospital and the corresponding acute psychological interventions.Results:1.The psychosomatic stress reaction of the earthquake disaster injured in acute phase was serious.The most frequent symptoms were including:the sleeping problem,the fear and nervous of a sudden noise or sound,the feelings of frustration,the tense of the body and the difficulty to calm.2.There are differences of physical and psychological reaction between male and female earthquake injured,that is,physical and psychological reaction of the female is more serious than that of the male.3.There are differences of physical and psychological reaction of earthquake injured among different age group,such as the age less than 12,the age from12 to 18 and the age from 41 to 50.4.The physical and psychological reaction of earthquake injured had certain relationship with the gender,the marriage,the culture,the personal injury sitation,and the family loss of housing and property.Conclusion:The psychosomatic stress reaction of the Earthquake disaster injured in acute phase was serious and it was important to have the targeted psychological interventions on the injured in acute phase.
Objective:To understand of the mental and physical state of earthquake wounded patients and to targete the psychological intervention.Methods:The Convenience Sampling was used and the questionnaire is:the Physical and Mental State Assessment Scale designed by the author according to the physical and psychological symptoms of acute stress.Through the interview and observation,the investigation had the the assessment of physical and mental state of the earthquake injured From May 12 to 30,2008 in West China Hospital and the corresponding acute psychological interventions.Results:1.The psychosomatic stress reaction of the earthquake disaster injured in acute phase was serious.The most frequent symptoms were including:the sleeping problem,the fear and nervous of a sudden noise or sound,the feelings of frustration,the tense of the body and the difficulty to calm.2.There are differences of physical and psychological reaction between male and female earthquake injured,that is,physical and psychological reaction of the female is more serious than that of the male.3.There are differences of physical and psychological reaction of earthquake injured among different age group,such as the age less than 12,the age from12 to 18 and the age from 41 to 50.4.The physical and psychological reaction of earthquake injured had certain relationship with the gender,the marriage,the culture,the personal injury sitation,and the family loss of housing and property.Conclusion:The psychosomatic stress reaction of the Earthquake disaster injured in acute phase was serious and it was important to have the targeted psychological interventions on the injured in acute phase.
引文
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[12]李淑然,等.云南省澜沧县地震灾区群众心理健康状况调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1991,1(5):1114.
[2]童惠琦,王振,王素琴,等.心理急救(初稿)—现场操作指南.
[3]四川汶川地震6月19日最新统计数据已造成69180人遇难.(EB/OL).(2008-06-19).http://wwww.hf365.com/ht ml/01/03/20080619/141087.ht m.
[4]人民网,灵魂难以承受之重(EB/OL).(2008-06-10).HTTP://WWWW.512GOV.CN/gb/123054/7351114.ht m.
[5]B.E.Gilliland,R.K.James著,肖水源,等译.危机干预策略[M].中国轻工业出版社,2000.
[6]陈树林,高雪屏,李凌江,等.PTSD症状自评量表的信效度初步评价[J].中国心理卫生,2005,19(6):373-376.
[7]李璐寰,童辉杰.创伤后应激障碍研究进展[J].社会心理学,2008,1(23):100-105.
[8]胡冰霜,梁友信.创伤后应激障碍[J].国外医学精神病学分册,1997,24(5):266-269.
[9]张本,王学义,孙贺祥,等.唐山大地震所致截瘫患者远期心身健康状况调查研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2002,1(16):23-25.
[10]孙学礼.医学心理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[11]秦虹云,季建林.PTSD及其危机干预[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2003,9(17):314-316.
[12]李淑然,等.云南省澜沧县地震灾区群众心理健康状况调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1991,1(5):1114.
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