心理弹性在负性生活事件和抑郁症状之间的中介和调节:以汶川地震后的青少年为例
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摘要
目的:探讨汶川地震后青少年心理弹性、抑郁症状和震后继发的负性生活事件之间的关系。方法:震后6个月,采用分层整群取样法,使用青少年生活事件量表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表和心理弹性量表对都江堰地区2250名中学生进行测查。结果:①在控制人口学因素和地震暴露变量的影响后,心理弹性在震后继发的负性生活事件和青少年抑郁症状间有部分中介作用。②心理弹性在震后继发的负性生活事件和青少年抑郁症状间起调节作用,对青少年的抑郁症状起到保护作用。结论:震后继发的负性生活事件既可以对抑郁症状产生直接影响,又可以通过削弱心理弹性间接影响抑郁症状,另外,心理弹性削弱了负性生活事件对抑郁的负面影响,起到保护个体的作用。
Objective: To investigate the relationship among resilience,depression symptoms and post-earthquake negative life events in adolescents in order to explore the actual processes that accounted for the protective effects.Methods: After 6 months of the Wenchuan earthquake,by means of the cluster sampling method,2250 students(mean age=14.63) from Grades 7-10 in Dujiangyan district were administered with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Event Checklist(ASLEC),Depression Self-rating Scale for Children(DSRSC) and Resilience Scale(RS),as well as demographic factors and earthquake exposure factors.Mediating effect was analyzed by multiple regression analysis.Hierarchical regression was used to examine the moderating effect of the resilience.Results: ①After controlling the effects of demographic factors and earthquake exposure factors,post-earthquake negative life events could significantly predict adolescents' depression symptoms(△R2=0.176,P<0.001).②Resilience partially mediated the effect of post-earthquake negative events on adolescents' depression symptoms.The value of the mediating effect was 0.01(P<0.001),and occupied 21.52% of the total effects.③Resilience also moderated the association of post-earthquake negative events with adolescent depression symptoms(P< 0.05).The results suggested resilience may protect adolescents from depression in direct and indirect way.Conclusion: The results underline the action mechanisms of the resilience in preserving adolecents from depression.And this confirms previous findings that the post-earthquake negative events could lead to depression and resilience displays an important role in adolescents' mental health.It is necessary to construct and strengthen the resilience of the adolescents.
Objective: To investigate the relationship among resilience,depression symptoms and post-earthquake negative life events in adolescents in order to explore the actual processes that accounted for the protective effects.Methods: After 6 months of the Wenchuan earthquake,by means of the cluster sampling method,2250 students(mean age=14.63) from Grades 7-10 in Dujiangyan district were administered with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Event Checklist(ASLEC),Depression Self-rating Scale for Children(DSRSC) and Resilience Scale(RS),as well as demographic factors and earthquake exposure factors.Mediating effect was analyzed by multiple regression analysis.Hierarchical regression was used to examine the moderating effect of the resilience.Results: ①After controlling the effects of demographic factors and earthquake exposure factors,post-earthquake negative life events could significantly predict adolescents' depression symptoms(△R2=0.176,P<0.001).②Resilience partially mediated the effect of post-earthquake negative events on adolescents' depression symptoms.The value of the mediating effect was 0.01(P<0.001),and occupied 21.52% of the total effects.③Resilience also moderated the association of post-earthquake negative events with adolescent depression symptoms(P< 0.05).The results suggested resilience may protect adolescents from depression in direct and indirect way.Conclusion: The results underline the action mechanisms of the resilience in preserving adolecents from depression.And this confirms previous findings that the post-earthquake negative events could lead to depression and resilience displays an important role in adolescents' mental health.It is necessary to construct and strengthen the resilience of the adolescents.
引文
1 Onder E,Tural U,Aker T,et al.Prevalence of psychiatricdisorders three years after the 1999 earthquake in Turkey:Marmae earquake survey(MES).Social Psychiatry andPsychiatric Epidemiology,2006,41(6):868-874
2 Sharan P,Chaudhary G,Kavathekar SA,et al.Preliminaryreport of psychiatric disorders in survivors of a severeearthquake.The American Journal of Psychiatry,1996,153(4):556-558
3 Kolaitis G,Kotsopoulos J,Tsiantis J,et al.Posttraumaticstress reactions among children following the Athens Earth-quake of september 1999.European Child and AdolescentPsychiatry,2003,12(6):273-280
4范方,柳武妹.震后6个月都江堰地区青少年焦虑、抑郁症状及其影响因素.华南师范大学学报,2009,6:45-49
5魏曙光,张月娟,席明静.大学生群体中社会支持、自我效能感在应激与抑郁间的作用.中国临床心理学杂志,2006,14(3):163-165
6曾守锤,李其维.儿童心理弹性发展综述.心理科学,2003,26(6):1091-1094
7 Luthar SS,Cicchetti D,Becker B.The construct of resili-ence:Implications for interventions and social policies.De-velopment and Psychopathology,2000,12(4):857-885
8 Richardson GE.The meta theory of resilience and resilien-cy.Journal of Clinical Psychology,2002,58(3):307-321
9郑裕鸿,范方,俞承甫,等.青少年感恩与创伤后应激障碍症状的关系:社会支持和心理弹性的中介作用.心理发展与教育,2011,5:522-529
10 Wingo AP,Wrenn G,Pelletier T,et al.Moderating effectsof resilience on depression in individuals with a history ofchildhood abuse or trauma exposure.Journal of AffectiveDisorders,2010,doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.04.009
11 Fredrickson BL,Tugade MM,Waugh CE,et al.What goodare positive emotions in crises?A prospective study of re-silience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on theUnited States on September 11th,2001.Journal of Person-ality and Social Psychology,2003,84(2):365-376
12 Campbell-sills L,Cohan SL,Stein MB.Relationship of re-silience to personality,coping and psychiatric symptoms inyoung adults.Behaviour Research and Therary,2006,44:585-599
13 Connor KM,Zhang W.Recent advances in the understand-ing and treatment of anxiety disorders.Resilience:determi-nants,measurement,and treatment responsiveness.CNSspectrums,2006,11(10 Suppl 12):5-12
14 Rutter M.Implications of resilience concepts for scientificunderstanding.Annals New York Academy of Sciences,2006,1094:1-12
15 Collishaw S,Pickles A,Messer J,et al.Resilience to adultpsychopathology following childhood maltreatment:Evidencefrom a community sample.Child Abuse and Neglect,2007,31(3):211-229
16马伟娜,徐琴美.大学生心理应激模型的初步构建.中国心理卫生杂志,2005,19(8):521-524
17刘贤臣,刘连启.青少年生活事件量表的编制与信效度测试.山东精神医学,1998,10(1):15-19
18苏林雁,王凯,朱焱,等.儿童抑郁障碍自评量表的中国城市常模.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(8):547-549
19范方.留守儿童焦虑/抑郁情绪的社会心理因素及心理弹性发展方案初步研究.博士学位论文.长沙:中南大学,2008
20 Richard SE,Carol SF,Robert JU.Posttraumatic stress dis-order following an air disaster:A prospective study.Am JPsychiatry,1998,155:934-938
21 Bonanno GA,Galea S,Bucciarelli A.et al.What predictspsychological resilience after disaster?The role of demo-graphics,resources,and life stress.Journal of Consultingand Clinical Psychology,2007,75(5):671-682
22蔡颖,梁宝勇,周亚娟.中学生的升学考试压力、心理弹性与压力困扰的关系.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(2):180-183
23 Kumpfer KL.Factors and processes contributing to resili-ence:The resilience framework.In Glantz MD,Johnson JL.Resiliency and development:Positive life adaptations.NewYork:Kluwer Academic,1999.179-224
24张佳佳,李敏,彭李,等.大学生心理弹性与人格特征、情绪调节方式及中性情绪面孔知觉的关系.中国临床心理学杂志,2011,19(3):347-349
2 Sharan P,Chaudhary G,Kavathekar SA,et al.Preliminaryreport of psychiatric disorders in survivors of a severeearthquake.The American Journal of Psychiatry,1996,153(4):556-558
3 Kolaitis G,Kotsopoulos J,Tsiantis J,et al.Posttraumaticstress reactions among children following the Athens Earth-quake of september 1999.European Child and AdolescentPsychiatry,2003,12(6):273-280
4范方,柳武妹.震后6个月都江堰地区青少年焦虑、抑郁症状及其影响因素.华南师范大学学报,2009,6:45-49
5魏曙光,张月娟,席明静.大学生群体中社会支持、自我效能感在应激与抑郁间的作用.中国临床心理学杂志,2006,14(3):163-165
6曾守锤,李其维.儿童心理弹性发展综述.心理科学,2003,26(6):1091-1094
7 Luthar SS,Cicchetti D,Becker B.The construct of resili-ence:Implications for interventions and social policies.De-velopment and Psychopathology,2000,12(4):857-885
8 Richardson GE.The meta theory of resilience and resilien-cy.Journal of Clinical Psychology,2002,58(3):307-321
9郑裕鸿,范方,俞承甫,等.青少年感恩与创伤后应激障碍症状的关系:社会支持和心理弹性的中介作用.心理发展与教育,2011,5:522-529
10 Wingo AP,Wrenn G,Pelletier T,et al.Moderating effectsof resilience on depression in individuals with a history ofchildhood abuse or trauma exposure.Journal of AffectiveDisorders,2010,doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.04.009
11 Fredrickson BL,Tugade MM,Waugh CE,et al.What goodare positive emotions in crises?A prospective study of re-silience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on theUnited States on September 11th,2001.Journal of Person-ality and Social Psychology,2003,84(2):365-376
12 Campbell-sills L,Cohan SL,Stein MB.Relationship of re-silience to personality,coping and psychiatric symptoms inyoung adults.Behaviour Research and Therary,2006,44:585-599
13 Connor KM,Zhang W.Recent advances in the understand-ing and treatment of anxiety disorders.Resilience:determi-nants,measurement,and treatment responsiveness.CNSspectrums,2006,11(10 Suppl 12):5-12
14 Rutter M.Implications of resilience concepts for scientificunderstanding.Annals New York Academy of Sciences,2006,1094:1-12
15 Collishaw S,Pickles A,Messer J,et al.Resilience to adultpsychopathology following childhood maltreatment:Evidencefrom a community sample.Child Abuse and Neglect,2007,31(3):211-229
16马伟娜,徐琴美.大学生心理应激模型的初步构建.中国心理卫生杂志,2005,19(8):521-524
17刘贤臣,刘连启.青少年生活事件量表的编制与信效度测试.山东精神医学,1998,10(1):15-19
18苏林雁,王凯,朱焱,等.儿童抑郁障碍自评量表的中国城市常模.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(8):547-549
19范方.留守儿童焦虑/抑郁情绪的社会心理因素及心理弹性发展方案初步研究.博士学位论文.长沙:中南大学,2008
20 Richard SE,Carol SF,Robert JU.Posttraumatic stress dis-order following an air disaster:A prospective study.Am JPsychiatry,1998,155:934-938
21 Bonanno GA,Galea S,Bucciarelli A.et al.What predictspsychological resilience after disaster?The role of demo-graphics,resources,and life stress.Journal of Consultingand Clinical Psychology,2007,75(5):671-682
22蔡颖,梁宝勇,周亚娟.中学生的升学考试压力、心理弹性与压力困扰的关系.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(2):180-183
23 Kumpfer KL.Factors and processes contributing to resili-ence:The resilience framework.In Glantz MD,Johnson JL.Resiliency and development:Positive life adaptations.NewYork:Kluwer Academic,1999.179-224
24张佳佳,李敏,彭李,等.大学生心理弹性与人格特征、情绪调节方式及中性情绪面孔知觉的关系.中国临床心理学杂志,2011,19(3):347-349
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