汶川地震幸存者的创伤后应激障碍及其影响因素
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摘要
目的:评估汶川大地震对幸存者所带来的心理影响,以便为进行心理援助和治疗的临床工作者提供更有价值的诊断信息。方法:对安置在绵竹体育中心灾民安置点的956名地震幸存者施测了创伤暴露水平问卷,事件冲击量表(IES-R)和D型人格量表(DS-14)。结果:在地震发生之后不久,有82.6%的被试表现出创伤后应激障碍;在地震中创伤暴露水平高的被试更有可能表现出创伤后应激障碍;女性被试、中年被试、已婚被试以及拥有D型人格的被试更可能产生创伤后应激障碍;回归分析的结果表明性别、年龄、婚姻状态、创伤暴露水平以及D型人格中的负性情绪是影响被试是否表现出创伤性应激障碍的关键因素。结论:有较高比例的地震幸存者表现出创伤后应激障碍,高创伤暴露水平、女性、中年、已婚和负性情绪是幸存者表现出创伤后应激障碍的主要影响因素。
Objective: To evaluate the psychological consequences of Wenchuan Earthquake on the survivors and to provide valuable diagnostic information for psychological assistance and therapy. Methods: The survivors in the earthquake was evaluated by Trauma Exposure Scale, Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Type D Personality Scale (DS-14). Results: Shortly after the earthquake, there was a high prevalence of PTSD symptoms among the survivors. The participants who had trauma experience prior to the earthquake showed more severe PTSD symptoms and those who had high trauma exposure experience during the earthquake were more likely to display PTSD symptoms; women, middle aged, married and those with type D personality survivors were more likely to display PTSD symptoms. Regression analysis revealed that gender, age, martial status, trauma exposure level and type D personality were strong predictors of PTSD symptoms among survivors. Conclusion: A substantially high proportion of the Wenchuan earthquake survivors explicated PTSD symptoms, high trauma exposure level, female, middle age, marriage and negative emotions are the key predictors of PTSD symptoms.
Objective: To evaluate the psychological consequences of Wenchuan Earthquake on the survivors and to provide valuable diagnostic information for psychological assistance and therapy. Methods: The survivors in the earthquake was evaluated by Trauma Exposure Scale, Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Type D Personality Scale (DS-14). Results: Shortly after the earthquake, there was a high prevalence of PTSD symptoms among the survivors. The participants who had trauma experience prior to the earthquake showed more severe PTSD symptoms and those who had high trauma exposure experience during the earthquake were more likely to display PTSD symptoms; women, middle aged, married and those with type D personality survivors were more likely to display PTSD symptoms. Regression analysis revealed that gender, age, martial status, trauma exposure level and type D personality were strong predictors of PTSD symptoms among survivors. Conclusion: A substantially high proportion of the Wenchuan earthquake survivors explicated PTSD symptoms, high trauma exposure level, female, middle age, marriage and negative emotions are the key predictors of PTSD symptoms.
引文
1温盛霖,王相兰,陶炯,等.四川江油太平镇安置点北川、平武地震灾民1周后心理症状分析.中国神经精神疾病杂志,2008,34(9):525-527
2李洁,郭建雄,徐文军,等.四川汶川地震伤员的心理卫生状况调查.中国神经精神疾病杂志,2008,34(9):523-524
3罗兴伟,高雪屏,蔡太生,等.汶川地震亲历者的心理健康状况调查.中国临床心理学杂志,2008,16(6):571-573
4Bhushan B,Kumar JS.Emotional distress and posttraumatic stress in children surviving the2004tsunami.Journal of Loss and Trauma,2007,12(3):245-257
5Giannopoulou I,Smith P,Ecker C,Strouthos M,et al.Factor structure of the children’s revised impact of event scale(CRIES)with children exposed to earthquake.Personality and Individual Differences,2006,40(5):1027-1037
6Yule W.Alleviating the effects of war and displacement on children.Traumatology,2002,8(3):1-71
7Ashraf H.Tsunami wreaks mental health havoc.Bulletin of the World Health Organization,2005,83(6):405-406
8Norris FH,Elrod CL.Psychosocial consequences of disaster:A review of past research,in methods for disaster mental health research.Edited by Norris FH,Galea S,Friedman MJ,Watson PJ.New York:Guilford,2006.20-42
9Hsien WK,Wu SJ,Ma TC,Chiu MC,Chou SY.Posttrau-matic symptoms were worst among quake victims with injuries following the Chi-chi quake in Taiwan.Journal of Psychosomatic Research,2007,62:495-500
10张本,张凤阁,王丽萍,等.30年后唐山地震所致孤儿创伤性应激障碍现患率调查.中国心理卫生杂志,2008,6:469-473
11黄国平,张亚林,向慧,等.事件影响量表-修订版(IES-R)在女性犯人中的信度、效度分析.中国心理卫生杂志,2006,20(5):28-31
12Ogińska-Bulik N,Juczyński Z.Distressed personality(Type D)and risk of occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.In:Kosińska-Dec K,Szewczyk L.Development.Health.Dis-ease.Warsaw:BEL Studio,2004.5-17
13白俊云,赵兴蓉,许秀峰.D型人格量表的信效度检验.中国心理卫生杂志,2007,21(5):329-332
14Creamer M,Bell R,Failla S.Psychometric properties of the impact of event scale-revised.Behaviour Research and Therapy,2003,41:1489-1496
15Hsu CC,Chong MY,Yang P,Yen CF.Posttraumatic stress disorder among adolescent earthquake victims in Taiwan.Journal of the American academy of child and adolescent.Psychiatry,2002,41(7):875-881
16Green LB,Grace CM,Gleser CG.Identifying survivors at risk:Long-term impairment following the Beverly Hills Supper Club Fire.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psy-chology,1985,53(5):672-678
17沃建中,向燕辉,沈莉,等.5.12重震区成人受灾者不良情绪反应程度与人格、应对方式等因素关系研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2009,17(2):227-229
18Ogińska-Bulik N.Occupational stress and its consequences in healthcare professionals:The role of Type D Personality.International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Envir-onment Health,2006,19(2):113-122
2李洁,郭建雄,徐文军,等.四川汶川地震伤员的心理卫生状况调查.中国神经精神疾病杂志,2008,34(9):523-524
3罗兴伟,高雪屏,蔡太生,等.汶川地震亲历者的心理健康状况调查.中国临床心理学杂志,2008,16(6):571-573
4Bhushan B,Kumar JS.Emotional distress and posttraumatic stress in children surviving the2004tsunami.Journal of Loss and Trauma,2007,12(3):245-257
5Giannopoulou I,Smith P,Ecker C,Strouthos M,et al.Factor structure of the children’s revised impact of event scale(CRIES)with children exposed to earthquake.Personality and Individual Differences,2006,40(5):1027-1037
6Yule W.Alleviating the effects of war and displacement on children.Traumatology,2002,8(3):1-71
7Ashraf H.Tsunami wreaks mental health havoc.Bulletin of the World Health Organization,2005,83(6):405-406
8Norris FH,Elrod CL.Psychosocial consequences of disaster:A review of past research,in methods for disaster mental health research.Edited by Norris FH,Galea S,Friedman MJ,Watson PJ.New York:Guilford,2006.20-42
9Hsien WK,Wu SJ,Ma TC,Chiu MC,Chou SY.Posttrau-matic symptoms were worst among quake victims with injuries following the Chi-chi quake in Taiwan.Journal of Psychosomatic Research,2007,62:495-500
10张本,张凤阁,王丽萍,等.30年后唐山地震所致孤儿创伤性应激障碍现患率调查.中国心理卫生杂志,2008,6:469-473
11黄国平,张亚林,向慧,等.事件影响量表-修订版(IES-R)在女性犯人中的信度、效度分析.中国心理卫生杂志,2006,20(5):28-31
12Ogińska-Bulik N,Juczyński Z.Distressed personality(Type D)and risk of occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.In:Kosińska-Dec K,Szewczyk L.Development.Health.Dis-ease.Warsaw:BEL Studio,2004.5-17
13白俊云,赵兴蓉,许秀峰.D型人格量表的信效度检验.中国心理卫生杂志,2007,21(5):329-332
14Creamer M,Bell R,Failla S.Psychometric properties of the impact of event scale-revised.Behaviour Research and Therapy,2003,41:1489-1496
15Hsu CC,Chong MY,Yang P,Yen CF.Posttraumatic stress disorder among adolescent earthquake victims in Taiwan.Journal of the American academy of child and adolescent.Psychiatry,2002,41(7):875-881
16Green LB,Grace CM,Gleser CG.Identifying survivors at risk:Long-term impairment following the Beverly Hills Supper Club Fire.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psy-chology,1985,53(5):672-678
17沃建中,向燕辉,沈莉,等.5.12重震区成人受灾者不良情绪反应程度与人格、应对方式等因素关系研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2009,17(2):227-229
18Ogińska-Bulik N.Occupational stress and its consequences in healthcare professionals:The role of Type D Personality.International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Envir-onment Health,2006,19(2):113-122
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