汶川地震一年半后北川、绵阳受灾群众的应对方式及其与心理健康关系的研究
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摘要
目的调查汶川地震一年半后灾区群众的应对方式特点,研究其与心理健康的关系。方法采用一般资料调查表、症状自评量表、应对方式问卷对北川、绵阳两地的480名受灾群众进行调查。结果灾区群众的应对方式按使用程度依次为:解决问题、合理化、退避、幻想、求助、自责。心理卫生正常组在解决问题因子上的得分高于异常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);正常组在幻想因子上的得分低于异常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男女在应对方式上的差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),城镇居民只在合理化维度上的得分高于农村居民,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在解决问题因子得分上26～35、56～65岁组分别与16～25岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),在求助因子得分上26～35岁组分别与16～25、56～65岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在幻想因子得分上36～45岁组与16～25岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在退避因子得分上16～25岁组分别与26～35、36～45、56～65岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在合理化因子得分上26～35、36～45、46～55岁组分别与16～25岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在自责因子得分上,不同年龄组间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论灾区群众在心理创伤恢复期采用的多是积极的应对方式,成熟的应对方式有利于心理健康发展。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of coping style among disaster victims one year and a half after Wenchuan earthquake and to study the relationship between coping styles and mental health status. Methods A total of 480 earthquake victims in Beichuan and Mianyang were investigated using general information questionnaire,SCL-90 questionnaire and coping style questionnaire. Results The coping styles used by disaster victims followed the order of problem solving,rationalization,withdrawal,delusion,resort,remorse.Problem solving score in the normal group was evidently higher than in the abnormal group(P<0.01);delusion score in the normal group was evidently lower than in the abnormal group(P<0.05).Gender differences in coping styles were not significant(P>0.05);rationalization score in urban residents was higher than in rural residents(P<0.05);score of problem solving of the 16～25 years old group was significantly different from those of the 26～35 and 56～65 years old groups(P<0.01);score of resort of the 26～35 years old group was different from those of the 16～25 and 56～65 years old groups(P<0.05);score of delusion of the 36～45 years old group was different from that of the 16～25 years old group(P<0.05);score of withdrawal of the 16～25 years old group was different from those of the 26～35,36～45 and 56～65 years old groups(P<0.05);score of rationalization of the 16～25 years old group was different from those of the 26～35,36～45 and 46～55 years old groups(P<0.05);score of remorse was not significantly different among all the age groups(P>0.05). Conclusion People in the dasaster area tend to adopt positive coping styles at one year and a half after the earthquake.Mature coping styles helped with the development of healthy mental status.
Objective To investigate the characteristics of coping style among disaster victims one year and a half after Wenchuan earthquake and to study the relationship between coping styles and mental health status. Methods A total of 480 earthquake victims in Beichuan and Mianyang were investigated using general information questionnaire,SCL-90 questionnaire and coping style questionnaire. Results The coping styles used by disaster victims followed the order of problem solving,rationalization,withdrawal,delusion,resort,remorse.Problem solving score in the normal group was evidently higher than in the abnormal group(P<0.01);delusion score in the normal group was evidently lower than in the abnormal group(P<0.05).Gender differences in coping styles were not significant(P>0.05);rationalization score in urban residents was higher than in rural residents(P<0.05);score of problem solving of the 16～25 years old group was significantly different from those of the 26～35 and 56～65 years old groups(P<0.01);score of resort of the 26～35 years old group was different from those of the 16～25 and 56～65 years old groups(P<0.05);score of delusion of the 36～45 years old group was different from that of the 16～25 years old group(P<0.05);score of withdrawal of the 16～25 years old group was different from those of the 26～35,36～45 and 56～65 years old groups(P<0.05);score of rationalization of the 16～25 years old group was different from those of the 26～35,36～45 and 46～55 years old groups(P<0.05);score of remorse was not significantly different among all the age groups(P>0.05). Conclusion People in the dasaster area tend to adopt positive coping styles at one year and a half after the earthquake.Mature coping styles helped with the development of healthy mental status.
引文
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8崔利军,栗克清,韩彦超,等.汶川地震后四个月平武县部分灾民的精神健康状况[J].中国全科医学,2010,13(3):778.
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2鲍喜燕,管明月,刘伟.团体心理治疗对改善企业员工心理压力及应对方式的效果研究[J].中国全科医学,2011,14(3):758.
3付春华,于梅.地震救援军队医护人员心理健康与其应对方式和社会支持的相关性[J].解放军护理杂志,2008,25(8):1-2.
4时勘.地震灾区学生的心理调控[J].宁波大学学报,2009,22(2):44-48.
5许发发,吴晓庆.地震造成患者心理恐惧焦虑的分析及护理[J].中国误诊学杂志,2009,9(23):5601.
6 Folkman S,Lazarus RS,Dunkel-Schetter C,et al.Dynamics of astressful encounter:cognitive apprawasal,coping and encounter out-comes[J].J Pers Soc Psychol,1986,50(5):992-1003.
7张峰,李淑明,王志强.亚健康与非亚健康状态的情绪障碍应对方式和社会支持对比研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2008,16(5):580-582.
8崔利军,栗克清,韩彦超,等.汶川地震后四个月平武县部分灾民的精神健康状况[J].中国全科医学,2010,13(3):778.
9向燕辉,沃建中.地震中有无亲属遇难群体的人格、心身健康及应对方式特点比较[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(7):488-492.
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