地震灾害后不同受灾人群身心应激症状影响度分析
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摘要
面对地震带来的巨大灾难,通过探讨地震后不同类型灾民身心应激症状的影响度,有利于有针对性地对灾民进行心理救助,减轻灾害影响,提高灾害救援效果。本文将地震后灾民身心应激症状分解为4个指标,即生理症状、认知症状、情绪症状和行为症状。采用突变级数法构建了地震灾害后灾民身心应激症状突变模型,并以"5·12"汶川地震为例做实证研究,对不同类型受灾人群身心应激症状影响度进行了分析。通过对比研究发现,不同类型人群身心应激症状所受影响程度不同,女性、中老年组以及重灾区人群身心应激症状最严重。即使同一类人群,在面对同样灾害时,其在生理症状、认知症状、情绪症状和行为症状4个方面所受影响程度也不同。本文采用突变模型对地震灾害后灾民身心应激症状进行研究,所得结论与既往相关研究结论基本一致,表明模型的评价结果可靠、有效,为灾后减灾工作提供了新的思路和方法。
While facing the huge earthquake,the physical and psychological assistance for victims is deemed necessary.Exploring the physical and psychological symptoms for different types of victims is beneficial to reduce the impact of disasters and improve the effect of the assistance.The physical and psychological stress symptoms are characterized by four indicators based on the prior related literature,namely,physical symptoms,cognitive symptoms,emotional symptoms,and behavioral symptoms.The catastrophe progression method is applied to build a physical and psychological stress symptoms catastrophe model for the earthquake victims and "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake is used as an example for the empirical research.According to demographic characteristics,the victims of Wenchuan earthquake are categorized by gender,age,and extent of earthquake impact.The impact of the earthquake on different types of victims is analyzed and it is found that the biggest impact is on the earthquake victims of female,the middle-and-old age,and people in worst-hit region.Facing with the same disaster,the same type of people exhibits different physical symptoms,cognitive symptoms,emotional symptoms,and behavioral symptoms.The catastrophe progression method for the physical and psychological stress symptoms model is adopted to analyze the physical and mental stress symptoms of earthquake victims,its results are in consistent with previous related research conclusion.It is indicated that the model is reliable and effective for such problems,thus the model provides a new method for the post-disaster relief work.
While facing the huge earthquake,the physical and psychological assistance for victims is deemed necessary.Exploring the physical and psychological symptoms for different types of victims is beneficial to reduce the impact of disasters and improve the effect of the assistance.The physical and psychological stress symptoms are characterized by four indicators based on the prior related literature,namely,physical symptoms,cognitive symptoms,emotional symptoms,and behavioral symptoms.The catastrophe progression method is applied to build a physical and psychological stress symptoms catastrophe model for the earthquake victims and "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake is used as an example for the empirical research.According to demographic characteristics,the victims of Wenchuan earthquake are categorized by gender,age,and extent of earthquake impact.The impact of the earthquake on different types of victims is analyzed and it is found that the biggest impact is on the earthquake victims of female,the middle-and-old age,and people in worst-hit region.Facing with the same disaster,the same type of people exhibits different physical symptoms,cognitive symptoms,emotional symptoms,and behavioral symptoms.The catastrophe progression method for the physical and psychological stress symptoms model is adopted to analyze the physical and mental stress symptoms of earthquake victims,its results are in consistent with previous related research conclusion.It is indicated that the model is reliable and effective for such problems,thus the model provides a new method for the post-disaster relief work.
引文
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[19]高振兴,赵江平,郭进平,等.基于突变理论的尾矿库安全评价[J].金属矿山,2009(12):121-125.Gao Zhenxing,Zhao Jiangping,Guo Jinping,et al.Metal Mines,2009(12):121-125.
[20]万建红.5.12汶川地震后灾民心理应激症状反应及相关因素研究[D].济南:山东大学,2010.Wan Jianhong.Study on psychological stress response of Wenchuanearthquake victims and related factors[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2010.
[21]Carr V J,Lewin T J,Webster R A,et al.Psychosocial sequelae ofthe1989 Newcastle earthquake:I.Community disaster experiences andpsychological morbidity 6 months post2 disaster[J].Psychol Med,1995,25(3):539-551.
[22]韦波,苏莉,唐峥华,等.地震后壮族灾民心理应激反应分析[J].中国公共卫生,2008,24(8):911-912.Wei Bo,Su Li,Tang Zhenghua,et al.Chinese Journal of Public Health,2008,24(8):911-912.
[2]John B,Scott C.Principles of trauma therapy:A guide to symptoms,evaluation,and treatment[M].California:Sage Publication,Inc,2006.
[3]Kija C B,Paul A.Are nurses ready?Disaster preparedness in the acutesetting[J].Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal,2008,11(3):113-166.
[4]温盛霖,王相兰,陶炯,等.四川江油太平镇安置点北川、平武地震灾民1周后心理症状分析[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志,2008,34(9):525-527.Wen Shenglin,Wang Xianglan,Tao Jiong,et al.Chinese Journal ofNervous and Mental Diseases,2008,34(9):525-527.
[5]任凯,彭龙,邢济春,等.什邡地震灾区984名灾民心理健康调查[J].中共卫生管理,2008,24(3):243-245.Ren Kai,Peng Long,Xing Jichun,et al.Chinese Journal of PublicHealth Management,2008,24(3):243-245.
[6]向虎,黄宣银,王荣科,等.汶川地震绵阳极重灾区心理危机干预纪实[J].中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(11):918-921.Xiang Hu,Huang Xuanyin,Wang Rongke,et al.Chinese Journal ofEvidence-Based Medicine,2008,8(11):918-921.
[7]Klitzman S,Freudenberg N.Implications of the world trade center attackfor the public health and health care infrastructures[J].Am J PublicHealth,2003,93(3):400-406.
[8]Bromet E,Dew M A.Review of psychiatric epidemiologic research ondisasters[J].Epidemiologic Rev,1995,17(1):113-119.
[9]Lechat M F.The epidemiology of health effects of disasters[J].Epidemiologic Rev,1990,12(1):192-198.
[10]APA.Diagnostic and statistic manual of mental disorders[M].Washington DC:American Psychiatric Association,1994.
[11]Neria Y,Nandi A,Galea S.Post-traumatic stress disorder followingdisasters:A systematic review[J].Psychological Medicine,2008,38(4):467-480.
[12]Warshaw M G,Fierman E,Pratt L,et al.Quality of life and dissociationin anxiety disorder patients with histories of trauma or PTSD[J].TheAmerican Journal of Psychiatry,1993,150(10):1512-1516.
[13]The Iowa Persian Gulf Study Group.Self-reported illness and healthstatus among Gulf War Veterans:A population based study[J].TheJournal of the American Medical Association,1997,277(3):238-245.
[14]Zatzick D F,Weiss D S,Marmar C R,et al.Post-traumatic stressdisorder and functioning and quality of life outcomes in female vietnamveterans[J].Military Medicine,1997,162(10):661-665.
[15]汪向东,赵丞智,新福尚隆,等.地震后创伤性应激障碍的发生率及影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(1):28-30.Wang Xiangdong,Zhao Chengzhi,Xinfu Shanglong,et al.ChineseMental Health Journal,1999,13(1):28-30.
[16]陶炯,温盛霖,王相兰,等.汶川地震安置点急性应激障碍及影响因素分析[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志,2008,34(10):618-620.Tao Jiong,Wen Shenglin,Wang Xianglan,et al.Chinese Journal ofNervous and Mental Diseases,2008,34(10):618-620.
[17]凌复华.突变理论及其应用[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1987.Ling Fuhua.Catastrophe theory and it's application[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University Press,1987.
[18]周荣义,黎忠文,牛会永.基于突变理论的油库火灾爆炸分析与模糊动态评价[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(6):97-101.Zhou Rongyi,Li Zhongwen,Niu Huiyong.China Safety Science Journal,2006,16(6):97-101.
[19]高振兴,赵江平,郭进平,等.基于突变理论的尾矿库安全评价[J].金属矿山,2009(12):121-125.Gao Zhenxing,Zhao Jiangping,Guo Jinping,et al.Metal Mines,2009(12):121-125.
[20]万建红.5.12汶川地震后灾民心理应激症状反应及相关因素研究[D].济南:山东大学,2010.Wan Jianhong.Study on psychological stress response of Wenchuanearthquake victims and related factors[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2010.
[21]Carr V J,Lewin T J,Webster R A,et al.Psychosocial sequelae ofthe1989 Newcastle earthquake:I.Community disaster experiences andpsychological morbidity 6 months post2 disaster[J].Psychol Med,1995,25(3):539-551.
[22]韦波,苏莉,唐峥华,等.地震后壮族灾民心理应激反应分析[J].中国公共卫生,2008,24(8):911-912.Wei Bo,Su Li,Tang Zhenghua,et al.Chinese Journal of Public Health,2008,24(8):911-912.
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