汶川地震灾区居民心理健康状况的影响因素分析
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摘要
目的了解汶川地震一年半后灾区居民心理健康状况及其影响因素,为其心理重建制定合理措施提供参考。方法通过对汶川、北川、绵竹3个极重灾区882位居民的调查,对居民的心理健康状况进行测评,并采用结构方程模型分析其影响因素。结果灾区居民焦虑症状阳性率为22.6%,抑郁症状阳性率为19.7%;地震灾区居民心理健康状况影响因素依次为:社会特征、生理健康状况、社会支持、地震创伤暴露情况、地震后居住状况;其中生理健康状况、社会支持、地震创伤暴露情况对灾区居民心理健康有直接作用,社会特征与地震后居住状况对心理健康有间接的影响。结论灾区居民的心理健康需持续关注;灾区居民,特别是老年人的社会支持有待加强;灾区居民的心理重建需要卫生保健、家园重建等多方面工作的支持。
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mental health status of inhabitants in Wenchuan Earthquake areas and main factors affecting it,so order to provide reference for making reasonable measures of improving their mental health. METHODS The mental health conditions of 882 residents in Wenchuan,Beichuan and Mianzhu where were heavy hit were evluated,and structural equation model was used to study the influencing factors. RESULTS A positive rate of 22.6% for anxiety symptoms and the positive rate of depression symptoms was 19.6%;The influencing factors of mental health were social characteristics,physical health status,social support,earthquake trauma exposure,living conditions after the earthquake;physical health status,social support and earthquake trauma exposure directly affected mental health,social characteristics and living conditions after the earthquake. CONCLUSION The mental health of residents in affected areas need sustained attention;Disaster area residents,especially the elder’s social supports,need to be strengthened;psychological rehabilitation of residents needs supports of health care,reconstruction of home and other aspects.
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mental health status of inhabitants in Wenchuan Earthquake areas and main factors affecting it,so order to provide reference for making reasonable measures of improving their mental health. METHODS The mental health conditions of 882 residents in Wenchuan,Beichuan and Mianzhu where were heavy hit were evluated,and structural equation model was used to study the influencing factors. RESULTS A positive rate of 22.6% for anxiety symptoms and the positive rate of depression symptoms was 19.6%;The influencing factors of mental health were social characteristics,physical health status,social support,earthquake trauma exposure,living conditions after the earthquake;physical health status,social support and earthquake trauma exposure directly affected mental health,social characteristics and living conditions after the earthquake. CONCLUSION The mental health of residents in affected areas need sustained attention;Disaster area residents,especially the elder’s social supports,need to be strengthened;psychological rehabilitation of residents needs supports of health care,reconstruction of home and other aspects.
引文
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[9]Freedy J R,Shaw D L,Jarrell M P,et al.Towards an under-standing of the psychological impact of natural disasters:An appli-cation of the conservation resources stress model[J].Journal of Traumatic Stress,1992,5(3):441-454.
[10]臧伟伟,付芳,伍新春,等.自然灾难后身心反应的影响因素:研究与启示[J].心理发展与教育,2009,3:107-112.
[2]张国华,许明智,金海燕.医院焦虑抑郁量表的因素结构研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2006,14(6):43-44.
[3]胡俏,邵日.汶川地震灾民中的社会支持和消极沉思对焦虑抑郁情绪的影响研究[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志,2009,35(1):44-46.
[4]方敏,黄正峰.结构方程模型下非正态数据的处理[J].中国卫生统计,2010,27(1):84-86.
[5]Barbara M.Byrne.Struetural equations modeling with amos Basic concepts,applications,and programming[M].NewYork:Rout-ledge.2010.150-151.
[6]Bengt O.Muthen.Mplus/Mplus discussion/WLS vs.WLSMV results with ordinal data[EB/OL].Available at:http://www.statmodel.com/discussion/messages/23/62.html?1257478851.2000.
[7]胡浩.结构方程模型在艾滋病高危行为分析中的应用[D].山东大学,2008:39-40.
[8]邵阿末,刘晓红.住院病人心理健康状况及其影响因素的调查研究[J].护理管理杂志,2002,2(6):7-9.
[9]Freedy J R,Shaw D L,Jarrell M P,et al.Towards an under-standing of the psychological impact of natural disasters:An appli-cation of the conservation resources stress model[J].Journal of Traumatic Stress,1992,5(3):441-454.
[10]臧伟伟,付芳,伍新春,等.自然灾难后身心反应的影响因素:研究与启示[J].心理发展与教育,2009,3:107-112.
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