玉树地震医疗卫生问题调查分析及启示
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摘要
"现场搜索、营救、医疗卫生"是震后抗震救灾过程中最为关键的3个方面,医疗卫生工作的完善程度直接关系到疫情的发生与否以及严重程度如何,对保障人民群众生命安全和身体健康具有重要影响。因此抗震救灾中的医疗卫生工作必须得到高度的重视。本文基于1013份玉树地震救灾情况的问卷调查结果,吸取了汶川地震等以往地震的经验和教训,对震后医疗卫生工作中的医疗救援、医疗服务、健康教育与心理干预、环境卫生、食品和饮用水卫生、卫生防疫等内容进行了总结分析,并为提升我国应对灾害的医疗卫生应急保障能力提出了建议。调查结果显示:与汶川地震相比,玉树地震医疗救援能力得到明显提升,应急响应速度、伤员医治和心理疏导效果显著;玉树地震医疗服务工作得到59%的群众认可,但是灾民安置点的医疗点配备稍显滞后,震后3天才有56%的安置点具备医疗条件;食品和饮用水的卫生基本令人满意,但环境卫生问题突出,近21%灾民感到不太满意。
"Site search,rescue,health and medical care" are the three most crucial aspects during post-earthquake relief.Health and medical service,which could decide in some degrees whether the epidemic will occur and how serious it will be,plays very important role in people's life safety and health.Based on 1013 investigation questionnaires of earthquake relief in Yushu earthquake,we analyze and discuss survivor’s needs and relief effect of medical and health work,including medical aid,medical service,health education and psychological intervention,environmental health,food and drinking water health and anti-epidemic.Then,some suggestions for how to improve the emergency support ability of health and medical service system for earthquake relief work based on the surveying data are provided.The results show that in comparison with the wenchuan earthquake,the medical aid ability of Yushu earthquake has been improved significantly,and the emergency response effect,medical care and psychological counseling achieve a good effect.Fifty-nine percent of the people are satisfied with medical services of Yushu earthquake,nevertheless,the amounts of medical aid posts are not enough for a great quantity of shelters,only fifty-six percent of the shelters have been equipped with medical condition by three days after the earthquake.Food and drinking water supply are generally good,but about twenty-one percent of people are not satisfied with environmental health condition.
"Site search,rescue,health and medical care" are the three most crucial aspects during post-earthquake relief.Health and medical service,which could decide in some degrees whether the epidemic will occur and how serious it will be,plays very important role in people's life safety and health.Based on 1013 investigation questionnaires of earthquake relief in Yushu earthquake,we analyze and discuss survivor’s needs and relief effect of medical and health work,including medical aid,medical service,health education and psychological intervention,environmental health,food and drinking water health and anti-epidemic.Then,some suggestions for how to improve the emergency support ability of health and medical service system for earthquake relief work based on the surveying data are provided.The results show that in comparison with the wenchuan earthquake,the medical aid ability of Yushu earthquake has been improved significantly,and the emergency response effect,medical care and psychological counseling achieve a good effect.Fifty-nine percent of the people are satisfied with medical services of Yushu earthquake,nevertheless,the amounts of medical aid posts are not enough for a great quantity of shelters,only fifty-six percent of the shelters have been equipped with medical condition by three days after the earthquake.Food and drinking water supply are generally good,but about twenty-one percent of people are not satisfied with environmental health condition.
引文
侯世科,樊毫军,2008.汶川大地震的现场医学急救——国家地震灾害紧急救援队在汶川地震灾区的医疗救援.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,3(6):323—325.
姜洁,李幼平,王觅也,2010.玉树与汶川地震医疗救援比较研究.中国循证医学杂志,10(5):550—554.
李铁钢,王鸣,袁俊等,2008.地震灾后四川江油市卫生防疫需求及应对措施.华南预防医学,34(4):13—15.
李向晖,侯世科,樊毫军等,2010.玉树地震灾害紧急医疗救援的难点与对策.中国循证医学杂志,26(8):580—583.
强卫,2010.玉树不倒青海常青——关于玉树抗震救灾的形势报告(青海民族大学).(http://www.qhnews.com/index/system/2010/09/15/010198524.shtml).
沈骥,王正荣,苏林等,2010.四川卫生应急救援玉树地震之经验与思考.中国卫生事业管理,27(9):580—591.
卫生部,2008.地震灾区卫生消杀用化学品安全使用与防范提要.北京:卫生部.
熊利泽,李晓康,刘涛,2010.国家级应急医疗救援队参加玉树地震医疗救援启示.解放军医院管理杂志,17(8):704—706.
徐郁,2008.浅谈地震灾区卫生防疫工作的几点体会.华南预防医学,34(4):35—38.
曾光,冯子健,2008.汶川地震灾区传染病疫情形势估计与展望.中华流行病学杂志,29(6):521—523.
张雁灵,2010.玉树地震军队医学救援的实践与思考——在玉树地震军队抗震救灾卫勤保障研讨会上的讲话(摘要).解放军医院管理杂志,17(8):1—4.
张玉润,林立,刘勇鹰等,2008.地震后跨省跨地域公共卫生应急救援行动的实践和体会.华南预防医学,34(4):1—8.
张雁宏,孙占斌,2008.汶川地震灾害引发的环境卫生问题与相关对策研究.中国公共卫生管理,25(3):284—285.
姜洁,李幼平,王觅也,2010.玉树与汶川地震医疗救援比较研究.中国循证医学杂志,10(5):550—554.
李铁钢,王鸣,袁俊等,2008.地震灾后四川江油市卫生防疫需求及应对措施.华南预防医学,34(4):13—15.
李向晖,侯世科,樊毫军等,2010.玉树地震灾害紧急医疗救援的难点与对策.中国循证医学杂志,26(8):580—583.
强卫,2010.玉树不倒青海常青——关于玉树抗震救灾的形势报告(青海民族大学).(http://www.qhnews.com/index/system/2010/09/15/010198524.shtml).
沈骥,王正荣,苏林等,2010.四川卫生应急救援玉树地震之经验与思考.中国卫生事业管理,27(9):580—591.
卫生部,2008.地震灾区卫生消杀用化学品安全使用与防范提要.北京:卫生部.
熊利泽,李晓康,刘涛,2010.国家级应急医疗救援队参加玉树地震医疗救援启示.解放军医院管理杂志,17(8):704—706.
徐郁,2008.浅谈地震灾区卫生防疫工作的几点体会.华南预防医学,34(4):35—38.
曾光,冯子健,2008.汶川地震灾区传染病疫情形势估计与展望.中华流行病学杂志,29(6):521—523.
张雁灵,2010.玉树地震军队医学救援的实践与思考——在玉树地震军队抗震救灾卫勤保障研讨会上的讲话(摘要).解放军医院管理杂志,17(8):1—4.
张玉润,林立,刘勇鹰等,2008.地震后跨省跨地域公共卫生应急救援行动的实践和体会.华南预防医学,34(4):1—8.
张雁宏,孙占斌,2008.汶川地震灾害引发的环境卫生问题与相关对策研究.中国公共卫生管理,25(3):284—285.
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