汶川地震前后重灾区水源地水质变化特征对比分析
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摘要
利用2006-2011年间的水环境监测数据,采用小波分析和多参数对比分析的方法,对汶川地震前后重灾区水源地岷江的水质变化特征进行了对比分析。分析结果表明:(1)地震前后水体中SO42-,TH和NH3-N周期的变化较明显,Cl-,F-和Fe周期的变化不明显;(2)地震后水体中Cl-,SO42-和F-的震荡幅度有所减弱,TH和NH3-N的震荡幅度有所增强;(3)地震对不同水质指标的影响程度有所差异,对NH3-N,SO42-和F-的影响主要是改变了变化程度,对Cl-和TH的影响则是改变了长期变化方向;(4)地震对水质的影响可分为短期和长期两种,其中短期影响持续1～3个月,长期影响则可延续1～2 a。究其原因,是由于地震的发生改变了相关物质源的数量和释放规律。
To explore the characteristics change in water quality before and after Wenchuan Earthquake,a comparative analysis was made herein using wavelet analysis and multi-parameter comparison methods and with the aid of monthly monitoring data between 2006 and 2011.Results show that:(1) 3 water quality index cycle change is significant and 3 index change is not significant.The obviously changed indices are SO42-,TH and NH3-N while the not obviously changed indices are Cl-,F-and Fe;(2) After the earthquake,the oscillation amplitude of indexes Cl-,SO42-and F-slows down,but the oscillation amplitude of the indices TH and NH3-N increases;(3) The earthquake affected different water quality indices in different degrees.The earthquake affects the NH3-N、SO42-and F-in long time change rate,while affects the Cl-and TH by the long time change trend;(4) There are two types of earthquake effects on water quality,according to the different time lag effects.One type is the immediate influence,which affects the water quality indices Cl-、F-and NH3-N,from 1 to 3 months after the earthquake.The other type is the long time influence,which affects all the 5 water quality indices,and the influence can last 1 to 2 years.After the earthquake,the changed quantity and release rules of the relevant substances may be the cause of the change.
To explore the characteristics change in water quality before and after Wenchuan Earthquake,a comparative analysis was made herein using wavelet analysis and multi-parameter comparison methods and with the aid of monthly monitoring data between 2006 and 2011.Results show that:(1) 3 water quality index cycle change is significant and 3 index change is not significant.The obviously changed indices are SO42-,TH and NH3-N while the not obviously changed indices are Cl-,F-and Fe;(2) After the earthquake,the oscillation amplitude of indexes Cl-,SO42-and F-slows down,but the oscillation amplitude of the indices TH and NH3-N increases;(3) The earthquake affected different water quality indices in different degrees.The earthquake affects the NH3-N、SO42-and F-in long time change rate,while affects the Cl-and TH by the long time change trend;(4) There are two types of earthquake effects on water quality,according to the different time lag effects.One type is the immediate influence,which affects the water quality indices Cl-、F-and NH3-N,from 1 to 3 months after the earthquake.The other type is the long time influence,which affects all the 5 water quality indices,and the influence can last 1 to 2 years.After the earthquake,the changed quantity and release rules of the relevant substances may be the cause of the change.
引文
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[20]王文杰,潘英姿,徐卫华,等.四川汶川地震对生态系统破坏及其生态影响分析[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(5):110-116.WANG Wenjie,PAN Yingzi,XU Weihua,et al.Analysis on ecosystem destroy and its ecological impact caused by earthquake in Wenchuan,Si—chuan Province[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2008,21(5):110-l16.(in Chinese)
[21]徐卫华,欧阳志云,王学志,等.汶川地震重灾区生态保护重要性评价与对策[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5820-5825.XU Weihua,OUYANG Zhiyun,WANG Xuezhi,et al.Assessment of eco1ogical protection importance for eco1ogicaI conservation in WenchuanEarthquake hard-hit disaster areas[J].Aeta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(12):5820-5825.(in Chinese)
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[2]谌志强,聂志勇,马新华,等.“5.12”汶川地震震中映秀镇水质监测安全评价[J].军事医学科学院院刊,2008,32(4):367-369.CHEN Zhiqiang,NIE Zhiyong,MA XinHua,et al.Water quality monitoring and safety evaluation of Yingxiu Town,the epicenter of the"5.12"Wenchuan earthquake[J].Bull Acad Mil Med Sci.2008,32(4):367-369.(in Chinese)
[3]赵庆绪,侯宝灯,邢冰,等.基于灰色关联分析的岷江上游流域震后水质综合评价[J].四川环境,2012,29(1):61-64.ZHAO Qingxu,HOU Baodeng,XING Bing,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of water quality after earthquake for the upper reaches of minjiang riv-er Basin Based on gray relational analysis[J].Sichuan Environment,2012,29(1):61-64.
[4]张春敏,王根绪.汶川大地震灾害对区域生态系统的影响-以青川、平武和茂县为例[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5833-5841.ZHANG ChunMin,WANG Genxu.Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake disaster on ecosystem and its spatial pattern:ease study of Qingehuan,Ping-wu and Maoxian counties[J].Aeta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(12):5833-5841.(in Chinese)
[5]王根龙,张军慧,刘红帅.汶川地震北川县城地质灾害调查与初步分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2009(3):47-52.WANG Genlong,ZHANG Junhui,LIU Hongshuai.Investigation and preliminary analysis of geologic disasters in Beichuan county induced by Wen-chuan Earthquake[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2009(3):47-52.(in Chinese)
[6]阂文彬,徐晓莉.5.12汶川特大地震前后地面气温变化特征浅析[J].高原山地气象研究,2008,27(2):42-46.MIN Wenbin,XU Xiaoli.Primary analysis of the variation of surface air temperature before and after Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Plateau andMountain Meteorology Research,2008,27(2):42-46.(in Chinese)
[7]唐川.汶川地震区暴雨滑坡泥石流活动趋势预测[J].山地学报,2010,28(3):341-349.TANG Chuan.Activity Tendency Prediction of rainfall induced landslides and debris flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake Areas[J].Journal ofMountain Science,2010,28(3):341-349.(in Chinese)
[8]曹叔尤,刘兴年,黄尔,等.地震背景下的川江流域泥沙与河床演变问题研究进展[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):28-36.CAO Shuyou,LIU Xingnian,HUANG,et al.Advances in studies of river sediment and fluvial processes of the upper—Yangtze River in earth-quake background[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):28-36.(in Chinese)
[9]侯保灯,赵庆绪,王焱,等.基于集对分析模型的岷江上游流域震后水质综合评价[J].水利发电,2010,36(1):29-47.HOU Baodeng,ZHAO Qingxu,WANG Yan,et al.Water Quality evaluation in the upper reaches of Minjiang River after Wenchuan Earthquakebased on set pair analysis model[J].Water Power,2010,36(1):29-47.(in Chinese)
[10]Xie C D,Zhu Y Q,Lei X L,et al.Pattern of stress change and its effect on seismicity rate caused by Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Sci Chi-na Earth Sci,2010,doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4025-9.
[11]Shan B,Xiong X,Zheng Y,et al.Stress changes on major faults caused by Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake,May 12,2008[J].Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci,2009,52(5):593—601,doi:10.1007/s11430-009-0060-9.
[12]胡波,熊明彪,赵健,等.汶川地震前后重灾区水土流失变化特征初步分析[J].长江科学院院报,2010,27(11):62-66.HU Bo,XIONG Mingbiao,ZHAO Jian,et al.Preliminary Analysis of Soil and W ater Loss Change before and after W enchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2010,27(11):62-66.(in Chinese)
[13]陈晓清,李智广,崔鹏,等.5.12汶川地震重灾区水土流失初步估算[J].山地学报,2009,29(1):122-127.CHEN Xiaoqing,LI Zhiguang,CUI Peng,et al.Estimation of soil erosion caused by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of MountainScience,2009,29(1):22-127.(in Chinese)
[14]国家环境保护总局.GB3838-2002中华人民共和国国家标准-地表水环境质量标准[S].2002.State Environmental Protection Administration.GB3838-2002 Environmental quality standards for surface water[S].2002.(in Chinese)
[15]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB/T5750国家生活饮用水卫生标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.Health of the People’s Republic of China.GB/T5750 Sanitary standard for drinking water[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2007.(inChinese)
[16]张利平,朱存稳,夏军.华北地区降水变化的多时间尺度分析[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(12):548-551.ZHANG Liping,NIU Cunwen,XIA Jun.Analysis on the Change of Precipitation in Multiple Temporal Scales in North China[J].Arid Land Ge-ography,2004,27(12):548-551.(in Chinese)
[17]刘东,付强.基于小波变换的三江平原低湿地井灌区年降水序列变化趋势分析[J].地理科学,2008,28(3):380-384.LIU Dong,FU Qiang.Variation trend analysis of annual precipitation series based on wavelet transform in well irrigation area of low lying wetlandin Sanjiang Plain[J].Scientia Geograph Ica Sin Ica,2008,28(3):380-384.(in Chinese)
[18]杨成林,陈宁生,李战鲁.汶川地震次生泥石流形成模式与机理[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(3):31-37.YANG Chenglin,CHEN Ningsheng,L I Zhanlu.Formationmode and mechanism for debris flow induced by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal ofNatural Disasters,2011,20(3):31-37.(in Chinese)
[19]崔鹏,韦方强,何思明,等.5.12汶川地震诱发的山地灾害及减灾措施[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):280-282.CUI Peng,WEI Fangqiang,He Siming,et al.Mountain disasters induced by the earthquake of May 12 in Wenchuan and the disasters mitigation[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(3):280-282.(in Chinese)
[20]王文杰,潘英姿,徐卫华,等.四川汶川地震对生态系统破坏及其生态影响分析[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(5):110-116.WANG Wenjie,PAN Yingzi,XU Weihua,et al.Analysis on ecosystem destroy and its ecological impact caused by earthquake in Wenchuan,Si—chuan Province[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2008,21(5):110-l16.(in Chinese)
[21]徐卫华,欧阳志云,王学志,等.汶川地震重灾区生态保护重要性评价与对策[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5820-5825.XU Weihua,OUYANG Zhiyun,WANG Xuezhi,et al.Assessment of eco1ogical protection importance for eco1ogicaI conservation in WenchuanEarthquake hard-hit disaster areas[J].Aeta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(12):5820-5825.(in Chinese)
[22]王艳茹,王宝光,戴君武,等.“5.12”汶川大地震人员伤亡的时空分布特点[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(6):52-56.WANG Yanru,WANG Baoguang,DAI Junwu,et al.Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of casualties in great“5.12”Wenchuan earth-quake[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2009,18(6):52-56.(in Chinese)
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