芦山地震震中龙门乡的震后1月卫生防疫对口支援纪实
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摘要
目的报告芦山地震后1天～1月绵阳市卫生防疫队对口支援震中龙门乡卫生防疫的工作情况。方法①收集龙门乡卫生防疫对口支援各小分队工作信息、报表,政府工作信息,卫生院工作信息统计、历史疫情资料,以及北川卫生防疫工作资料;②纪实描述震后1天～1月龙门乡卫生防疫工作,采用专家组评议方法评估灾情、疫情和卫生需求;采用目测法、痕迹法监测病媒生物。结果①第1支队伍在震后19小时抵达雅安,提出"市包乡对口支援防疫模式",获准对口支援龙门乡。②震后第5天派出48人工作团队,按"市包乡对口支援防疫模式",整合地方224人,全面开展水质和疫情监测、重点场所消毒杀虫、安置点防疫、大规模健康教育、心理干预等工作。③截至震后1月,绵阳卫生防疫队先后出动20台车、122人参与龙门乡灾后卫生防疫工作。累计消毒172.54万m2,杀虫116.25万m2;采集水样184份,指导饮用水消毒7 717户次;发放宣传资料近28 000份;巡诊接诊8 636人。共发现腹泻水样便病例33例,发热病例16例。完成心理卫生服务培训117人,设置心理卫生服务点3个,针对特殊人群心理卫生服务1 152人。结论①绵阳卫生防疫队将汶川地震绵阳极重灾区的卫生防疫一手经验和工作模式与芦山地震卫生防疫的特殊需求结合,提出芦山地震卫生防疫"市包乡对口支援"的模式,并在震中龙门乡的卫生防疫中实施和验证。②与汶川地震双震中之一的北川县曲山镇卫生防疫相比,市对口包乡支援形成、第1支防疫队伍入乡、防疫队伍全覆盖入乡、网络直报恢复、启动安置点规范管理、供水保障、启动饮用水监测、启动应急接种,芦山地震比汶川地震分别提前42天、2天、32天、4天、10天、6天、7天和19天。③总体表现为更快、更合理、更高效。可为全球类似地震卫生防疫提供一手资料,亦可为灾后重建和区域性国家级灾害应急体系建设决策提供参考。
Objective To report the anti-epidemic work for counterpart-supporting Longmen township,the epicenter of Lushan earthquake,by Mianyang health and epidemic prevention team from the first day to one month after the earthquake.Methodsa) The following information was collected: work information and report forms of each counterpart-support small group,government work information,work information statistics and historical epidemic materials of health center,and epidemic prevention materials of Beichuan county.b) The epidemic prevention work of Longmen township from the first day to one month after earthquake were documentarily described,the expert group review was adopted to assess the disaster situation,epidemic situation and health needs,and the visual observation and trace method were used to monitor the vectors.Resultsa) The first team arrived in Ya'an city at the 19th hour after earthquake.The members of the team put forward the "City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support anti-epidemic mode" and they were approved to counterpart-support Longmen township.b) The second team involving 48 members assigned to the first team within 5 days after earthquake.Totally 224 local people were called up and they carried out a comprehensive work based on the "City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support anti-epidemic mode": water quality and disease surveillance,disinfection and disinsectization at key sites,epidemic prevention in settlements,large-scale health education,and psychological intervention.c) As of 1 month after the earthquake,Mianyang health and epidemic prevention team had dispatched 20 vehicles and 122 people participated in the post-disaster epidemic prevention in Longmen township.The total disinfection area was 1 725 400 square meters,and disinsectization area was 1 162 500 square meters;184 water samples were collected,and 7 717 family-times' drinking water disinfection were guided;nearly 28 000 publicity materials were distributed;8 636 people were visited and received for diagnosis;33 cases with watery diarrhea and 16 cases with fever were found;117 people were trained about mental health service,3 mental health service stations were set up,and 1 152 people were helped with special population mental health services.Conclusiona) Mianyang health and epidemic prevention team combined the special requirements of epidemic prevention in Lushan earthquake with the proficient experiences and work modes of epidemic prevention in Mianyang as the extremely-severe stricken area in Wenchuan earthquake,and put forward the "City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support mode" which is implemented and verified in the anti-epidemic practice in epicenter of Longmen Township.b) Compared with the epidemic prevention in Qushan township of Beichuan county which is the epicenter of both Lushan and Wenchuan earthquakes: the following 8 aspects(including the "City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support" formed,the first anti-epidemic team entered into the village,full coverage of anti-epidemic team entered into the village,direct reporting network recovered,settlement's regular administration started,water supply guaranteed,drinking water monitoring initiated,emergency vaccination initiated) were performed earlier in Lushan than Wenchuan,with 42 days,2 days,32 days,4 days,10 days,6 days,7 days,and 19 days in advance,respectively.c) The overall performance is faster,more reasonable,and more efficient.It can provide first-hand information for globally similar earthquake's epidemic prevention,and also the decision-making and reference for both post-disaster reconstruction and construction of regional state disaster emergency response system.
Objective To report the anti-epidemic work for counterpart-supporting Longmen township,the epicenter of Lushan earthquake,by Mianyang health and epidemic prevention team from the first day to one month after the earthquake.Methodsa) The following information was collected: work information and report forms of each counterpart-support small group,government work information,work information statistics and historical epidemic materials of health center,and epidemic prevention materials of Beichuan county.b) The epidemic prevention work of Longmen township from the first day to one month after earthquake were documentarily described,the expert group review was adopted to assess the disaster situation,epidemic situation and health needs,and the visual observation and trace method were used to monitor the vectors.Resultsa) The first team arrived in Ya'an city at the 19th hour after earthquake.The members of the team put forward the "City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support anti-epidemic mode" and they were approved to counterpart-support Longmen township.b) The second team involving 48 members assigned to the first team within 5 days after earthquake.Totally 224 local people were called up and they carried out a comprehensive work based on the "City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support anti-epidemic mode": water quality and disease surveillance,disinfection and disinsectization at key sites,epidemic prevention in settlements,large-scale health education,and psychological intervention.c) As of 1 month after the earthquake,Mianyang health and epidemic prevention team had dispatched 20 vehicles and 122 people participated in the post-disaster epidemic prevention in Longmen township.The total disinfection area was 1 725 400 square meters,and disinsectization area was 1 162 500 square meters;184 water samples were collected,and 7 717 family-times' drinking water disinfection were guided;nearly 28 000 publicity materials were distributed;8 636 people were visited and received for diagnosis;33 cases with watery diarrhea and 16 cases with fever were found;117 people were trained about mental health service,3 mental health service stations were set up,and 1 152 people were helped with special population mental health services.Conclusiona) Mianyang health and epidemic prevention team combined the special requirements of epidemic prevention in Lushan earthquake with the proficient experiences and work modes of epidemic prevention in Mianyang as the extremely-severe stricken area in Wenchuan earthquake,and put forward the "City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support mode" which is implemented and verified in the anti-epidemic practice in epicenter of Longmen Township.b) Compared with the epidemic prevention in Qushan township of Beichuan county which is the epicenter of both Lushan and Wenchuan earthquakes: the following 8 aspects(including the "City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support" formed,the first anti-epidemic team entered into the village,full coverage of anti-epidemic team entered into the village,direct reporting network recovered,settlement's regular administration started,water supply guaranteed,drinking water monitoring initiated,emergency vaccination initiated) were performed earlier in Lushan than Wenchuan,with 42 days,2 days,32 days,4 days,10 days,6 days,7 days,and 19 days in advance,respectively.c) The overall performance is faster,more reasonable,and more efficient.It can provide first-hand information for globally similar earthquake's epidemic prevention,and also the decision-making and reference for both post-disaster reconstruction and construction of regional state disaster emergency response system.
引文
1李幼平.汶川地震医学救援专栏开栏寄语.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(6):379.
2周云,侯再金,向定全,等.基层疾控机构应急机制的控索与实践.现代预防医学,2007,34(18):3526-3529.
3李婷,王芳,文进,等.对灾害后卫生需求快速评估方法的系统评价.中国循证医学杂志,2011,11(6):605-612.
4马家奇,周脉耕,李言飞,等.汶川地震灾区应急手机疫情报告系统的研发与应用.中国循证医学杂志,2009,9(6):614-619.
5姜洁,李幼平,王觅也,等.玉树与汶川地震医学救援比较研究.中国循证医学杂志,2010,10(5):550-554.
6程永忠,徐健康,马健,等.汶川地震四川灾区医用物资保障及精确配送体系构建与运行.中国循证医学杂志,2009,9(12):1263-1266.
7雷百灵,周云,朱颖,等.汶川地震绵阳极重灾区医学救援应急指挥纪实.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(8):581-587.
8周云,雷百灵,何静,等.汶川地震绵阳极重灾区如何开展卫生防疫工作.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(8):602-609.
9吴先萍,方刚,唐雪峰,等.汶川地震灾后四川省的卫生防病工作(2008.5.12～8.12).中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(10):803-809.
10祝小平,唐雪峰,方刚,等.汶川地震灾后恢复重建期的卫生防病工作.中国循证医学杂志,2010,10(7):791-799.
11江红,代小舟.汶川大地震境外医疗队救援模式及流程分析.中国循证医学杂志,2009,9(6):620-624.
12向虎,黄宣银,王荣科,等.汶川地震绵阳极重灾区心理危机干预纪实.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(11):918-921.
13谢巧明,向虎,刘良.汶川地震后女性应激相关障碍54例临床分析及心理危机干预治疗.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(11):922-923.
14张琴,郭琼.绵阳市第三人民医院148例汶川地震外科转出伤员心理危机干预效果评价.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(11):924-926.
15陈竺.温故而知新——汶川地震医学救援的教训与思考.中国循证医学杂志,2009,9(11):1142.
2周云,侯再金,向定全,等.基层疾控机构应急机制的控索与实践.现代预防医学,2007,34(18):3526-3529.
3李婷,王芳,文进,等.对灾害后卫生需求快速评估方法的系统评价.中国循证医学杂志,2011,11(6):605-612.
4马家奇,周脉耕,李言飞,等.汶川地震灾区应急手机疫情报告系统的研发与应用.中国循证医学杂志,2009,9(6):614-619.
5姜洁,李幼平,王觅也,等.玉树与汶川地震医学救援比较研究.中国循证医学杂志,2010,10(5):550-554.
6程永忠,徐健康,马健,等.汶川地震四川灾区医用物资保障及精确配送体系构建与运行.中国循证医学杂志,2009,9(12):1263-1266.
7雷百灵,周云,朱颖,等.汶川地震绵阳极重灾区医学救援应急指挥纪实.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(8):581-587.
8周云,雷百灵,何静,等.汶川地震绵阳极重灾区如何开展卫生防疫工作.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(8):602-609.
9吴先萍,方刚,唐雪峰,等.汶川地震灾后四川省的卫生防病工作(2008.5.12～8.12).中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(10):803-809.
10祝小平,唐雪峰,方刚,等.汶川地震灾后恢复重建期的卫生防病工作.中国循证医学杂志,2010,10(7):791-799.
11江红,代小舟.汶川大地震境外医疗队救援模式及流程分析.中国循证医学杂志,2009,9(6):620-624.
12向虎,黄宣银,王荣科,等.汶川地震绵阳极重灾区心理危机干预纪实.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(11):918-921.
13谢巧明,向虎,刘良.汶川地震后女性应激相关障碍54例临床分析及心理危机干预治疗.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(11):922-923.
14张琴,郭琼.绵阳市第三人民医院148例汶川地震外科转出伤员心理危机干预效果评价.中国循证医学杂志,2008,8(11):924-926.
15陈竺.温故而知新——汶川地震医学救援的教训与思考.中国循证医学杂志,2009,9(11):1142.
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