5.12地震重灾区丧子者孤独感研究
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摘要
目的:描述汶川地震后重灾区丧子者孤独感的现状及其影响因素,了解丧子者孤独感和家庭功能的关系,为丧子者灾后心理和家庭重建提供依据。方法:本研究为横断面调查,采用一般资料调查表、家庭关怀度指数量表、UCLA孤独量表和感情与社交孤独量表于汶川地震18个月后对重灾区的190名丧子家庭进行调查。结果:丧子者孤独感、情感孤独和社交孤独得分分别为24~69(43.58±9.61)分,5~24(11.95±3.60)分和6~24(13.99±3.69)分。丧子者家庭孤独感、情感孤独和社交孤独水平均比非丧子的丧亲者高,且两者情感孤独差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元回归分析显示,丧子者的再生育状态和家庭功能是其孤独感的影响因素。丧子者家庭功能与孤独感、情感孤独和社交孤独呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:汶川地震丧子者孤独感较高。丧子者的再生育状态、家庭功能是其孤独感的影响因素。在后期干预中需更加关注丧子者群体,帮助丧子者学会改善和提高家庭功能及情感交流的有效技巧,同时提供医疗技术支持帮助丧子者重新孕育后代,以减轻其孤独感,更好地促进丧子者的灾后心理和家庭重建。
Objective: To evaluate the status of loneliness, the influential factors and the relationship between loneliness and family function among bereaved parents in disaster area of 5.12 Earthquake and to prov ide basis for mental and family reconstruction for those people suffering from the Earthquake. Methods: A total 190 bereaved parents in disaster area of 5.12 Earthquake were enrolled for an across-sectional study. A face-to-face survey was conducted by following scales: General Data Scale, University of California at Los Angels Loneliness Scale, Emotional and Social Loneliness Scale and Family APGAR Index. Results: The score of loneliness ranged from 24 to 69(mean=43.58, SD=9.61), the score of emotional loneliness ranged from 5 to 24(mean=11.95, SD=3.60) while the social loneliness ranged from 6 to 24(mean=13.99, SD=3.69). The scores of loneliness, social loneliness and emotional loneliness were all increased among bereaved parents compared to people without loss of their child. The results of multivariate analysis showed that family function and status of fertility significantly impacted the loneliness(P<0.05). Furthermore, there was negative correlation between family function and the loneliness, social loneliness and emotional loneliness(P<0.05). Conclusion: The bereaved parents in disaster area of 5.12 Earthquake showed higher level of loneliness. The better of family function indicated the less of loneliness in bereaved parents. Measures should be taken to promote mental and family reconstruction for such people, including providing effective skills to improve emotional communication and family function and of fering technical support for having another baby.
Objective: To evaluate the status of loneliness, the influential factors and the relationship between loneliness and family function among bereaved parents in disaster area of 5.12 Earthquake and to prov ide basis for mental and family reconstruction for those people suffering from the Earthquake. Methods: A total 190 bereaved parents in disaster area of 5.12 Earthquake were enrolled for an across-sectional study. A face-to-face survey was conducted by following scales: General Data Scale, University of California at Los Angels Loneliness Scale, Emotional and Social Loneliness Scale and Family APGAR Index. Results: The score of loneliness ranged from 24 to 69(mean=43.58, SD=9.61), the score of emotional loneliness ranged from 5 to 24(mean=11.95, SD=3.60) while the social loneliness ranged from 6 to 24(mean=13.99, SD=3.69). The scores of loneliness, social loneliness and emotional loneliness were all increased among bereaved parents compared to people without loss of their child. The results of multivariate analysis showed that family function and status of fertility significantly impacted the loneliness(P<0.05). Furthermore, there was negative correlation between family function and the loneliness, social loneliness and emotional loneliness(P<0.05). Conclusion: The bereaved parents in disaster area of 5.12 Earthquake showed higher level of loneliness. The better of family function indicated the less of loneliness in bereaved parents. Measures should be taken to promote mental and family reconstruction for such people, including providing effective skills to improve emotional communication and family function and of fering technical support for having another baby.
引文
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13 .何丽,王建平,尉玮,等.301名丧亲者哀伤反应及其影响因素[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2013,21(6):932-936.HE Li,WANG Jianping,WEI Wei.Grief reactions and correlates among 301 bereaved individuals[J].Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology,2013,21(6):932-936.
14 .程静,马颖,王德斌.安徽省农村空巢老人孤独感现况与社会支持的相关性[J].中国老年学杂志,2014,34(7):3773-3775.CHENG Jing,MA Yin,WANG Debin.Correlation between the loneliness and social support between the empty nesters in Anhui rural areas[J].Chinese Journal of Gerontology,2014,34(7):3773-3775.
15 .崔光辉,吴振强,张秀军,等.安徽某地区老年人孤独及其影响因素的研究[J].现代预防医学,2009,36(11):2067-2070.CUI Guanghui,WU Zhengqiang,ZHANG Xiuqun,et al.Current status of the elderly’s loneliness in an area of Anhui province and its influencing factors[J].Modern Prevention Medicine,2009,36(11):2067-2070.
16 .杨文娇,赵甫涛,李燕巧.大学生家庭功能、孤独感与领悟社会支持的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2011,19(12):1501-1504.YANG Wenjiao,ZHAO Futao,LI Yanqiao.Relationship between family functioning,loneliness and perceived social support of undergraduates[J].Chinese Journal of Health Psychology,2011,19(12):1501-1504.
17 .辛自强,池丽萍.家庭功能与儿童孤独感的关系:中介的作用[J].心理学报,2003,35(2):216-221.XIN Ziqiang,CHI Liping.Relationship between family function and children’s loneliness:the role of mediation[J].Acta Psychologica Sinica,2003,2(5):89-90.
18 .邓丽芳,郑日昌.家庭功能与大学生情感表达、孤独感的关系[J].心理与行为研究,2012,11(2):223-228.DENG Lifang,ZHENG Richang.Relationship among family function,expression of feeling and loneliness[J].Studies of Psychology and Behavior,2012,11(2):223-228.
19 .朱海林.安阳市空巢老人的孤独、抑郁状况与社会支持的相关研究[J].中国老年学杂志,2009,29(9):2237-2238.ZHU Hailin.Correlation study on the loneliness,depression and social support among empty-nesters in Anyang city[J].Chinese Journal of Gerontology,2009,29(9):2237-2238.
20 .吴振强,崔光辉,张秀军,等.留守老年人孤独状况及其影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2009,25(8):960-962.WU Zhenqiang,CUI Guanghui,ZHANG Xiujun,et al.Status and its determinants of loneliness in empty nest elderly[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,2009,25(8):960-962.
21 .张红静.大学生的家庭功能与其情绪及人格的相关分析[J].山东师范大学学报,2007,22(2):57-59.ZHANG Hongjing.Correlation analysis on family function,emotion and personality of undergraduates[J].Journal of Shandong Normal University:Natural Science,2007,22(2):57-59.
2 .Russel D,Cutrona CE,Rose J,et al.Social and emotional loneliness:an examination of Weiss's typology of loneliness[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1984,46(6):1313.
3 .王登峰.Russell孤独量表的信度与效度研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,1995,3(1):23-25.WANG Dengfeng.Research on validity and reliability of Russell loneliness scale[J].Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology,1995,3(1):23-25.
4 .Wittenberg MT,Reis HT.Loneliness,social skills,and social perception[J].Pers Soc Psychol Bull,1986,12(1):121-130.
5 .张作记.家庭关怀度指数[J].中国行为医学科学,2001,10(9):110 .ZHANG Zuoji.Index of family care[J].Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science,2001,10(9):110.
6 .吕繁,曾光.家庭关怀度指数问卷测量脑血管病病人家庭功能的信度和效度研究[J].中国公共卫生,1999,15(11):987-988.LU..Fan,ZENG Guang.A study on validity and reliability of the family APGAR[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,1999,15(11):987-988.
7 .丁浩,方双虎.孤独感研究综述[J].大众科技,2009,118(6):203-205 .DING Hao,FANG Shuanghu.Review of loneliness research[J].Dazhong Ke Ji,2009,118(6):203-205.
8 .任凯,彭龙颜,邢济春,等.什邡地震灾区984名灾民心理健康调查[J].中国公共卫生管理,2008,24(3):243-245.REN Kai,PENG Longshun,XING Jicun,et al.Survey on psychological health of victims in disaster area in Shifang[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health Management,2008,24(3):243-245.
9 .潘健源,张敏,王敏,等.安徽省部分地区农村老年人孤独与睡眠状况及其影响因素[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2010,14(4):335-337 .PAN Jianyuan,ZHANG Min,WANG Min,et al.Study on sleeping quality and loneliness among elderly people in rural area in Anhui province[J].Chinese Journal of Disease Control Prevention,2010,14(4):335-337.
10 .汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生杂志评定量表手册(增订版)[J].中国心理卫生杂志社,1999,10(10):252-256.WANG Xiangdong,WANG Xilin,MA Hong.Manual of mental health rating scale[J].Chinese Mental Health Journal(supplement),1999,10(10):252-256.
11 .张蕾.汶川地震与人口发展[J].人口与发展,2008,14(4):21-39.ZHANG Lei.Wenchuan earthquake and population development[J].Population and Development,2008,14(4):21-39.
12 .Chan CL,Wang CW,Ho AH,et al.Symptoms of pos raumatic stress disorder and depression among bereaved and non-bereaved survivors follow ing the 2008 Sichuan earthquake[J].Journal of Anx iety Disorders,2012,26(6):673-679.
13 .何丽,王建平,尉玮,等.301名丧亲者哀伤反应及其影响因素[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2013,21(6):932-936.HE Li,WANG Jianping,WEI Wei.Grief reactions and correlates among 301 bereaved individuals[J].Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology,2013,21(6):932-936.
14 .程静,马颖,王德斌.安徽省农村空巢老人孤独感现况与社会支持的相关性[J].中国老年学杂志,2014,34(7):3773-3775.CHENG Jing,MA Yin,WANG Debin.Correlation between the loneliness and social support between the empty nesters in Anhui rural areas[J].Chinese Journal of Gerontology,2014,34(7):3773-3775.
15 .崔光辉,吴振强,张秀军,等.安徽某地区老年人孤独及其影响因素的研究[J].现代预防医学,2009,36(11):2067-2070.CUI Guanghui,WU Zhengqiang,ZHANG Xiuqun,et al.Current status of the elderly’s loneliness in an area of Anhui province and its influencing factors[J].Modern Prevention Medicine,2009,36(11):2067-2070.
16 .杨文娇,赵甫涛,李燕巧.大学生家庭功能、孤独感与领悟社会支持的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2011,19(12):1501-1504.YANG Wenjiao,ZHAO Futao,LI Yanqiao.Relationship between family functioning,loneliness and perceived social support of undergraduates[J].Chinese Journal of Health Psychology,2011,19(12):1501-1504.
17 .辛自强,池丽萍.家庭功能与儿童孤独感的关系:中介的作用[J].心理学报,2003,35(2):216-221.XIN Ziqiang,CHI Liping.Relationship between family function and children’s loneliness:the role of mediation[J].Acta Psychologica Sinica,2003,2(5):89-90.
18 .邓丽芳,郑日昌.家庭功能与大学生情感表达、孤独感的关系[J].心理与行为研究,2012,11(2):223-228.DENG Lifang,ZHENG Richang.Relationship among family function,expression of feeling and loneliness[J].Studies of Psychology and Behavior,2012,11(2):223-228.
19 .朱海林.安阳市空巢老人的孤独、抑郁状况与社会支持的相关研究[J].中国老年学杂志,2009,29(9):2237-2238.ZHU Hailin.Correlation study on the loneliness,depression and social support among empty-nesters in Anyang city[J].Chinese Journal of Gerontology,2009,29(9):2237-2238.
20 .吴振强,崔光辉,张秀军,等.留守老年人孤独状况及其影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2009,25(8):960-962.WU Zhenqiang,CUI Guanghui,ZHANG Xiujun,et al.Status and its determinants of loneliness in empty nest elderly[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,2009,25(8):960-962.
21 .张红静.大学生的家庭功能与其情绪及人格的相关分析[J].山东师范大学学报,2007,22(2):57-59.ZHANG Hongjing.Correlation analysis on family function,emotion and personality of undergraduates[J].Journal of Shandong Normal University:Natural Science,2007,22(2):57-59.
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