渤海石油平台附着生物生态的研究
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摘要
<正> 我国近海油气资源储量据预测约为90—180亿吨,具有良好的开发前景。开发海洋石油所建造的石油平台在下海后很快就会附着上大量的海洋生物,生物的附着、生长增大了导管架平台桩腿的体积和粗糙度,加大其外载荷,特别是风暴期间可能使平台发生倾斜或倒塌,造成重大损失。另外,生物的附着增加了平台的自重并提高了平台的重心,当地震、海啸时危险性更大。为使海上石油平台的设计更加合理、安全,需要掌握平台设置海域附着生物的种类组成、群落的生态特点、优势种、附着量、附着厚度和样品比重等有关生物参数。
Accumulation of fouling organisms on the support legs of an oil platform seriously alters the hydrodynamic loading, which can cause heavy losses if it collapses during storms.This investigation was aimed to identify, and collect foulers, and obtain basic biological data to meet the needs of the design engineer responsible for the safety of the oil platform.The cooperative investigation was carried out by the Institute of Oceanology, Acadernia Sinica in cooperation with the Bohai Engineering and Design Com- pany. All samples were collected by divers.75 species of marine fouling organisms were obtained from biofouling investigation on five fixed oil platforms during the period from July to August 1989. The dominant species were Mytilus edulis, Sargatia rosea, Ostrea dense-lamellosa, Hiatela orientalis, Membranipora grandicella, Hydroides ezoensis,Bala-nus uliginosus etc. The fouling organisms aerial weight, thickness, and specific gravity were 88.25-46147.75 g/m2, 1-32 cm, and 1.000-1.485 respectively. Our data clearly show that the feature and extent of marine fouling organisms vary with time, site, water depth and the distance of the oil platform from the coast.
Accumulation of fouling organisms on the support legs of an oil platform seriously alters the hydrodynamic loading, which can cause heavy losses if it collapses during storms.This investigation was aimed to identify, and collect foulers, and obtain basic biological data to meet the needs of the design engineer responsible for the safety of the oil platform.The cooperative investigation was carried out by the Institute of Oceanology, Acadernia Sinica in cooperation with the Bohai Engineering and Design Com- pany. All samples were collected by divers.75 species of marine fouling organisms were obtained from biofouling investigation on five fixed oil platforms during the period from July to August 1989. The dominant species were Mytilus edulis, Sargatia rosea, Ostrea dense-lamellosa, Hiatela orientalis, Membranipora grandicella, Hydroides ezoensis,Bala-nus uliginosus etc. The fouling organisms aerial weight, thickness, and specific gravity were 88.25-46147.75 g/m2, 1-32 cm, and 1.000-1.485 respectively. Our data clearly show that the feature and extent of marine fouling organisms vary with time, site, water depth and the distance of the oil platform from the coast.
引文
李洁民、黄修明等,1964,中国几个主要海港附着生物生态的研究,海洋与湖沼,6(4) :371-408。
李传燕、黄宗国等,1982,旅顺港附着生物生态的研究,生态学报,2(1) :59-65。
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Bascom, W. et al., 1976． A biological survey of oil platforms in the Santa Barbara Channel,Journal of Petroleum Technoalogy. 28: 12 80-84．
Forteath. G. N. R. et al., 1982． Marine growth studies on the North Sea oil platform Montrose Alpha. Marine Ecology Progress. Seties 8: 61-68．
Robert, F.et al., 1985, Bio-shield: An antifouling system for offshore platforms that works.Ocean, 62-70．
Southgate. T. et al., 1985． Mussel fouling on the Celtic Sea Kinsale field gas platforms, Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science, 20: 651-659．
Wolfson, A., 1979, The marine life of an offshore oil platform. Marine Ecology Progress. Series 1: 81-89．
李传燕、黄宗国等,1982,旅顺港附着生物生态的研究,生态学报,2(1) :59-65。
李传燕、黄宗国等,1990,烟台港附着生物生态的研究,海洋学报,2(1) :107-114。
Bascom, W. et al., 1976． A biological survey of oil platforms in the Santa Barbara Channel,Journal of Petroleum Technoalogy. 28: 12 80-84．
Forteath. G. N. R. et al., 1982． Marine growth studies on the North Sea oil platform Montrose Alpha. Marine Ecology Progress. Seties 8: 61-68．
Robert, F.et al., 1985, Bio-shield: An antifouling system for offshore platforms that works.Ocean, 62-70．
Southgate. T. et al., 1985． Mussel fouling on the Celtic Sea Kinsale field gas platforms, Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science, 20: 651-659．
Wolfson, A., 1979, The marine life of an offshore oil platform. Marine Ecology Progress. Series 1: 81-89．
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