唐家河保护区主要植被类型景观格局的梯度分析
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摘要
在遥感图像基础上,利用GIS技术从景观指数方面定量分析了唐家河自然保护区主要植被类型在东西、南北和西北至东南3个方向上的梯度变化。结果表明:次生落叶阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、针阔叶混交林与针叶林的梯度变化明显,并且在各方向上具有不同的变化特征。其中,常绿落叶阔叶混交林从西北至东南方向的梯度变化最为复杂,斑块数量与面积分别呈"升—降—升—降"与"升—降—升"的波动变化趋势,而边界密度与平均最近距离呈先升后降的变化趋势,两端破碎度高但连接性好,中部相反。针叶林从北至南的梯度变化最为简单,斑块面积减少,破碎度与复杂度降低,南北两端分布较多,中部较少。唐家河自然保护区植被景观格局在不同方向上的梯度变化研究为地震后该地区的植被保护与管理提供重要指导意义。
Based on remote sensing images,spatial gradient variations of the representative vegetation classes in Tangjiahe Nature Reserve was quantitatively analyzed from east to west,south to north,and northwest to southeast by using GIS technology.The results showed that:Secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest,evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and coniferous forest classes showed distinctive peaks and different gradient variations in different direction.Among them,with space change from northwest to southeast,gradient variations of evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest are the most complex.There are fluctuant variation tendency for the number of patch and class area that change from "increasing at first" then "decreasing"then "increasing" to "decreasing at last" and change from "increasing at first" then "decreasing" to "decreasing at last" in the reserve.But the edge density and mean nearest neighbor distance have same variation tendency that change from "increasing at first" to "decreasing gradually at last" in the reserve.The two terminals of this direction have bigger degree of fragmentation with the higher values of proximity in the reserve,and in the middle it was opposite.With space change from north to south,gradient variations of coniferous forest is the simplest one due to decreasing class area,fragmentation and complexity.While the number of it be distributed relatively more on the two terminal of this direction and less in the middle.The research of spatial gradient variations which happened to the vegetation landscape in different direction will also provide important guiding significance for the useful protection and management of vegetation in Tangjiahe nature reserve after the serious earthquake.
Based on remote sensing images,spatial gradient variations of the representative vegetation classes in Tangjiahe Nature Reserve was quantitatively analyzed from east to west,south to north,and northwest to southeast by using GIS technology.The results showed that:Secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest,evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and coniferous forest classes showed distinctive peaks and different gradient variations in different direction.Among them,with space change from northwest to southeast,gradient variations of evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest are the most complex.There are fluctuant variation tendency for the number of patch and class area that change from "increasing at first" then "decreasing"then "increasing" to "decreasing at last" and change from "increasing at first" then "decreasing" to "decreasing at last" in the reserve.But the edge density and mean nearest neighbor distance have same variation tendency that change from "increasing at first" to "decreasing gradually at last" in the reserve.The two terminals of this direction have bigger degree of fragmentation with the higher values of proximity in the reserve,and in the middle it was opposite.With space change from north to south,gradient variations of coniferous forest is the simplest one due to decreasing class area,fragmentation and complexity.While the number of it be distributed relatively more on the two terminal of this direction and less in the middle.The research of spatial gradient variations which happened to the vegetation landscape in different direction will also provide important guiding significance for the useful protection and management of vegetation in Tangjiahe nature reserve after the serious earthquake.
引文
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[17]黄尤优,刘守江,胥晓,等.唐家河自然保护区植被空间格局分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2008,28(1):108~112.
[2]华斌.数字城市建设的理论与策略[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:49~52.
[3]胥晓,郑伯川,陈友军.嘉陵江流域植被景观的空间格局特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2007,16(3):373~378.
[4]徐化成.景观生态学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996:2~3.
[5]王永健,陶建平,张炜银,等.岷江上游土地岭生态恢复过程中植被特征研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,15(4):511~516.
[6]谌利民,高正发,欧维富,等.四川唐家河自然保护区两栖爬行动物调查报告[J].四川动物,1999,18(3):132~134.
[7]胡锦矗,胥晓,张君,等.四川唐家河自然保护区综合科学考察报告[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2005:12~37.
[8]党安荣,王晓栋,陈晓峰,等.ERDAS I MAGI NE遥感图像处理方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:189~219.
[9]傅肃性.遥感专题分析与地学图谱[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:145~159.
[10]胥晓,钟劲翔,严贤春.嘉陵江流域3大水系的植被景观异质性差异[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):174~179.
[11]MCGARIGAL K,MARKS B J.Fragstats:spatial pattern a-nalysis programfor quantifying landscape structure[Z].Ref-erence manual.Forest Science Depart ment,Oregon State Uni-versity,Corvallis Oregon,1994.
[12]邬建国.景观生态学———格局过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:1~18.
[13]FORMAN R T T.Land mosaics:the ecology of landscape andregions[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1995.
[14]胥晓,吴勇,廖咏梅.四川小河沟自然保护区植被类型在地形上的分异研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(3):572~578.
[15]刘建国.现代生态学进展[M].北京:中国科技出版社,1992:30~39.
[16]李贵祥,孟广涛,方向京,等.云南金沙江流域主要森林植被类型分布格局[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(1):51~55.
[17]黄尤优,刘守江,胥晓,等.唐家河自然保护区植被空间格局分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2008,28(1):108~112.
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