汶川地震非规范滑坡体上植被的自然恢复能力研究——以彭州银厂沟谢家店子滑坡体为例
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摘要
在野外样方调查的基础上,对汶川地震极重灾区彭州市谢家店子非规范滑坡体上的植物群落组成、物种多样性以及生物量进行详细调查和统计分析。结果表明:(1)植物群落的物种组成已比较丰富,已统计到高等植物20科35属53种。(2)物种的多样性指数较高,Shannon-wiener指数(H′)、Simpson指数(D)、Margalef丰富度指数(Ma)和Pielou均匀度指数(E)的均值分别达1.894、0.787、9.713和2.741。(3)群落的生物量已较大,植物的鲜重和干重均值分别达2.20kg/m2和0.97kg/m2。由于该滑坡区气候条件优越,植物群落的自然演替完全能够顺利进行,加之土壤条件较差以及地质灾害风险大,不宜人工恢复植被。研究结果不仅为该区生态环境的自然恢复提供依据,而且为震后形成的山地特殊滑坡体上植被的恢复模式提供参考。
Based on the plots and quadrats of the plant communities,the examination group carried on the close investigation and the statistical analysis on the plant community in the landside mass in Xiejiadian in Yingchanggou of the Longmen Mountain. The results showed that:(1)The species composition of plant communities have been more diverse,and has counted the higher plant 20 families 35 genera 53 species.(2)species diversity indices are high,the Shannon-wiener index (H'),Simpson index (D),Margalef index (Ma) and Pielou index (E) mean value is 1.894,0.787,9.713 and 2.741 respectively.(3)The plant community has a big biomass already,and the mean value of plant's fresh weight and the dry weight is 2.20 kg and 0.97 kg each square meter respectively. Indicate that the climatic conditions of the landslide mass is superior,and the natural succession of plant community is fully capable of smooth,in addition that the vegetation restores should not be artificial with poor soil conditions and risks of geological disasters in the area.The results not only provide the basis to restore the natural ecological environment of this area but also provide the reference to the earthquake vegetation's restoration pattern in the mountainous region special landside mass of the earthquake.
Based on the plots and quadrats of the plant communities,the examination group carried on the close investigation and the statistical analysis on the plant community in the landside mass in Xiejiadian in Yingchanggou of the Longmen Mountain. The results showed that:(1)The species composition of plant communities have been more diverse,and has counted the higher plant 20 families 35 genera 53 species.(2)species diversity indices are high,the Shannon-wiener index (H'),Simpson index (D),Margalef index (Ma) and Pielou index (E) mean value is 1.894,0.787,9.713 and 2.741 respectively.(3)The plant community has a big biomass already,and the mean value of plant's fresh weight and the dry weight is 2.20 kg and 0.97 kg each square meter respectively. Indicate that the climatic conditions of the landslide mass is superior,and the natural succession of plant community is fully capable of smooth,in addition that the vegetation restores should not be artificial with poor soil conditions and risks of geological disasters in the area.The results not only provide the basis to restore the natural ecological environment of this area but also provide the reference to the earthquake vegetation's restoration pattern in the mountainous region special landside mass of the earthquake.
引文
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[2]Wang Ning,Jia Yanfeng,Li Jing,et al.Niche characteristics of main species of natural restoration vegetation in the abandoned field on the loess hill and gully area[J].Bulletin ofSoil and WaterCon-servation,2007,27(6):34～40[王宁,贾燕锋,李靖,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地自然恢复植被主要物种生态位特征[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(6):34～40]
[3]Jiao Juying,Ma Xianghua,Bai Wenjuan,et al.Correspondence a-nalysis of vegetation communities and soil environmental factors on abandoned cropland on Hilly-Gullied Loess Plateau[J].Acta Ped-ologica Sinica,2005,42(5):744～752[焦菊英,马祥华,白文娟,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地植物群落与土壤环境因子的对应分析[J].土壤学报,2005,42(5):744～752]
[4]马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ:α多样性的测度方法:下[J].生物多样性,1994b,2(4):231～239
[5]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ:α多样性的测度方法:上[J].生物多样性,1994a,2(3):162～168
[6]Ma Keping,Huang Jianhui,Yu Shunli,et al.Plant community di-versity in Dongling Mountain,Beijing,China:II.Species richness,evenness and species diversities[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1995,15(3):268～277[马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J].生态学报,1995,15(3):268～277]
[7]Jia Yajuan,Han Guodong,Wang Mingjun,et al.Pltant Diversity of Leymus Chinensis Community in Inner Mongolia Grassland[J].Journal ofArid Land Resources and Envirornnent,2007,21(7):142～145[贾亚娟,韩国栋,王明君,等.内蒙古羊草草原生物多样性探讨[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(7):142～145]
[8]Dong Qiang,Li Kairong,Cui Hongan.Research on characteristic and species diversity of vegetation communities in Chunhua County[J].Joumal ofAnhui Agri.Sci,2007,35(17):5232～5234[董强,李凯荣,崔宏安.淳化县不同植被类型群落特征和物种多样性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(17):5232～5234]
[9]Gao Bangquang,Zhang Guangfu,Chen Huiyan.Species diversity of Brasenia Schreberi community in different habitats[J].Chinese Journal ofApplied Ecology,2007,18(2):283～287[高邦权,张光富,陈会艳.不同生境下莼菜群落的物种多样性[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2):283～287]
[10]Han Jingjun,Zheng Weilie.Studies on species diversity index and regeneration for Young Linzhin spruce stands in Linzhi,Tibet[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2002.38(5):166～168[韩景军,郑维列.西藏林芝县林芝云杉幼林更新与物种多样性指数研究[J].林业科学,2002.38(5):166～168]
[11]Song Yongchang.Vegetation Ecology[M].Shanghai:East China Normal University Press,2001[宋永昌.植被生态学[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2001]
[12]Tang Wangpeng,Chen Yiqun,Xu Yezhou,et al.Analysis on characteristic and correlation among diversity indexes of plant com-munity on beach land in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangt-zi River[J].Hubei ForestryScience andTechnology,2003,32(4):1～7[唐万鹏,陈义群,许业洲,等.长江中下游滩地植物群落特征及多样性指数的相关性分析[J].湖北林业科技,2003,32(4):1～7]
[13]Wang Yongfan,Yu Shixiao.A new species diversity index and its fractal analysis[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2002.26(4):391～395[王永繁,余世孝.物种多样性指数及其分形分析[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(4):391～395]
[14]Zhang Guangfu.Species diversity of a shrub community in Tiantong range,Zhejiang Province[J].Biodiversity Science,2000,8(3):25～31[张光富.浙江天童山区灌丛群落的物种多样性及其与演替的关系[J].生物多样性,2000,8(3):25～31]
[15]Zhang Xibiao,Shangguan Zhouping.The bio-cycle patterns of nu-trient elements and stand biomass in forestcommunities in Hilly Lo-ess Regions[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(3):527～537[张希彪,上官周平.黄土丘陵区主要林分生物量及营养元素生物循环特征[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):527～537]
[16]Yu Wantai,Yu Yongqiang.Advances in the rescarch of under-ground biomass[J].Chinese Journal ofApplied Ecology,2001,12(6):927～932[宇万太,于永强.植物地下生物量研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(6):927～932]
[17]Liu Fangyan,Li Kun,Zhang Chunhua,et al.Characteristic analy-sis of the community during early stage of the vegetation restorationin Jinshajiang Dry-hot Valley[J].Journal ofNanjing Forestry Uni-versity(Natural Sciences Edition),2007,31(6):129～132[刘方炎,李昆,张春华,等.金沙江干热河谷植被恢复初期的群落特征[J],南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(6):129～132]
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