地震灾后北川村庄小兽种群动态
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摘要
为了调查灾后北川村庄小兽种群动态变化,掌握小兽种群数量及变化规律,防止灾后兽害及自然疫源性疾病爆发。从2010年1月至2011年7月,每季度采用夹夜法对北川村庄进行小兽种群动态调查。整个调查期间捕获小兽176只,分属2目2科3属4种,捕获率为10.88%,其中四川短尾鼩为优势种,占捕获数的94.89%。调查期间,小兽种群数量在2010年10月为最高峰,每年4、7月为其繁殖高峰期,雌体怀孕率为41.56%,平均胎仔数为4.16个,雄体睾丸下降率为69.89%。不同季节、不同年度间小兽种群数量存在差异,可能受栖息环境改变及季节、气候、食物等因素影响。
To investigate the population dynamics of small mammals in Beichuan residential areas and master population quantity and change rules of small mammals for preventing small mammals population and natural focal diseases outbreak.The night trapping was used for the investigation into small mammals population dynamics in Beichun residential areas from January 2010 to July 2011 every three months.A total of 176 individuals which belonged to 2 order 2 family 3 genus 4 species were captured and capture ratio was 10.88 %.The dominant species was Anourosorex squamipes,which covered 94.89 % of the total of the collected small mammals.Small mammals population reached a peak population in October 2010 and reached two reproductive peaks in April and in July,2011.The rate of pregnant female of small mammals and average number of embryos were 41.56 %,4.16,respectively.The total rate of orchidoptosis was 69.89 %.Small mammals population quantities fluctuated with seasons,which would be influenced by changes of habitat and seasons,temperature,food,and so on.
To investigate the population dynamics of small mammals in Beichuan residential areas and master population quantity and change rules of small mammals for preventing small mammals population and natural focal diseases outbreak.The night trapping was used for the investigation into small mammals population dynamics in Beichun residential areas from January 2010 to July 2011 every three months.A total of 176 individuals which belonged to 2 order 2 family 3 genus 4 species were captured and capture ratio was 10.88 %.The dominant species was Anourosorex squamipes,which covered 94.89 % of the total of the collected small mammals.Small mammals population reached a peak population in October 2010 and reached two reproductive peaks in April and in July,2011.The rate of pregnant female of small mammals and average number of embryos were 41.56 %,4.16,respectively.The total rate of orchidoptosis was 69.89 %.Small mammals population quantities fluctuated with seasons,which would be influenced by changes of habitat and seasons,temperature,food,and so on.
引文
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[19]廖文波,胡锦矗,周材权,等.微尾鼩种群繁殖的年龄和季节特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(6):722-725.
[2]张美文,王克林,王勇,等.洞庭湖区洪灾淹没区鼠类群落结构恢复的生态过程[J].生态学报,2004,24(6):1212-1218.
[3]庄凯勋,乔德,初德志.特大林火后鼠类监测调查及综合防治[J].东北林业大学学报,2001,29(4):29-33.
[4]张建漂,杨孔,李平.北川地震灾区农田鼠类种群动态初步调查[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2011,22(2):121-123.
[5]Haim A,Lzhaki I,Golan A.Rodent species diversity in pine forestsrecovering from fire[J].Israel Journal of Zool,1996,42(4):353-359.
[6]Vieira E M.Small mammal communities and fire in the BrazilianCerrado[J].Journal of Zoology,1999,249(1):75-81.
[7]Matthew E.Hopton,Guy N.Camerona,Michael J.Cramer,etal.Live animal radiography to measure developmental instability in popu-lations of small mammals after a natural disaster[J].Ecological Indi-cators,2009,9(5):883-891.
[8]Harry F.Recher,Daniel Lunney,Alison Matthews.Small mammalpopulations in a eucalypt forest affected by fire and drought.I.Long-term patterns in an era of climate change[J].Wildlife Research,2009,36(2):143-158.
[9]Hernfindez I,Romero A G,Laundr J W,et a1.Changes in RodentCommunity Strueture in the ChihuahuanDesert M 6Xico:Compari-sons between Two Habitats[J].Journal of Environments,2005,60:239-257.
[10]Harald Beck,Michael S Gaines,James E Hines,et al.Nichols.Comparative dynamics of small mammal populations in treefall gapsand surrounding understorey within Amazonian rainforest[J].Oikos,2004,106(1):27-38.
[11]张美文,李波,王勇,等.四川地震灾区灾后一年农村小兽监测报告[J].生态学报,2010,30(19):5253-5263.
[12]胡锦矗,王酉之.四川资源动物志(第二卷兽类)[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1984.
[13]张知彬.欧洲的旅鼠和田鼠种群暴发与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动的关系研究[J].科学通报,2001,46(3):197-204.
[14]Adler GH.Imapacts of resource abundance on populations of a trop-ical forest rodent[J].Ecology,1998,79(1):242-254.
[15]Doonan TJ,Slade NA.Effects of supplemental food on populationdynamics of Cotton rats,Sigmodon hispidus[J].Ecology,1995,76(3):814-826.
[16]Humphries MM,Boutin S.The determinants of optimal litter size infree-ranging red squirrels[J].Ecology,2000,81(10):2867-2877.
[17]Morris DW.Paradoxical avoidance of enriched habitats:have wefailed to appreciate omnivores[J].Ecology,2005,86(10):2568-2577.
[18]张美文,王勇,李波,等.洞庭湖不同退田还湖类型区东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠的繁殖特性[J].兽类学报,2009,29(4):396-405.
[19]廖文波,胡锦矗,周材权,等.微尾鼩种群繁殖的年龄和季节特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(6):722-725.
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