致密油基本特征与商业化勘探开发实践——以巴肯为例
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摘要
继"页岩气风暴"后,在石油价格在不断走高,而天然气价格处于较低价位的背景之下,北美又掀起了致密油勘探开发新热潮。中国致密油具有较好的发展前景,借鉴北美致密油商业化勘探开发的有效实践,可为中国实现石油安全供给提供保障。本文采用了文献综述法、对比分析法、案例剖析法等,在致密油基本特征的分析之上,追踪北美致密油勘探开发的实践,针对中国致密油资源潜力及勘探现状,探讨美国致密油开发实践模式给中国的启示:上下钻探双重水平井、应用三维地震资料确定钻探井、尝试使用丙烷或液化丙烷气(LPG)作为压裂支撑剂的运载液体、探索采用较低的泵率及增加单井压裂级数,在压裂过程及返排中必须确保钻井表层套管水泥封堵良好,在同一井场钻探多口井乃至数十口井等,以试图解决困扰中国致密油开采的成本高企、开采风险、水资源缺乏、环境污染等问题。
After "shale gas storm" throughout the world,under the background that oil prices continue to rise,while natural gas prices at a lower price,the exploration & development of tight oil has raised a new upsurge in North America.China has abundant tight oil resource potential and promising prospect of development,which will guarantee the national energy security based on the successful commercial pratice of tight oil exploration & development from USA.In this paper,a literature review,comparative analysis,case analysis method,etc.,on top of the basic characteristics of tight oil analysis,tracking practice of tight oil exploration and developmentin North America.According to the the status quo of tight oil resources exploration potential in China,we discussed American tight oil development practice mode inspiration to China:Drilling down double horizontal wells,applying three-dimensional seismic data to determine the drilled well,try to use propane or liquefied propane gas(LPG) as a carrier liquid fracturing proppant,explore a lower rate and increase the single well fracturing pump series In the fracturing process and drilling flowback,we must ensure good surface casing cement block at the same wellsite drilling multiple wells,even dozens of wells in an attempt to solve the problems of tight oil exploration in China,such as high cost of oil exploitation,mining risks,water lack of resources,environmental pollution and other issues.
After "shale gas storm" throughout the world,under the background that oil prices continue to rise,while natural gas prices at a lower price,the exploration & development of tight oil has raised a new upsurge in North America.China has abundant tight oil resource potential and promising prospect of development,which will guarantee the national energy security based on the successful commercial pratice of tight oil exploration & development from USA.In this paper,a literature review,comparative analysis,case analysis method,etc.,on top of the basic characteristics of tight oil analysis,tracking practice of tight oil exploration and developmentin North America.According to the the status quo of tight oil resources exploration potential in China,we discussed American tight oil development practice mode inspiration to China:Drilling down double horizontal wells,applying three-dimensional seismic data to determine the drilled well,try to use propane or liquefied propane gas(LPG) as a carrier liquid fracturing proppant,explore a lower rate and increase the single well fracturing pump series In the fracturing process and drilling flowback,we must ensure good surface casing cement block at the same wellsite drilling multiple wells,even dozens of wells in an attempt to solve the problems of tight oil exploration in China,such as high cost of oil exploitation,mining risks,water lack of resources,environmental pollution and other issues.
引文
[1]邹才能.非常规油气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2011:1-309.
[2]INTEK.U.S.Shale Gas and Shale Oil Plays.Washington,D C:U.S.Energy Information Administration,July,2011.
[3]邹才能,陶士振,袁选俊,等.连续型油气藏形成条件与分布特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):324-331.
[4]尤源,牛小兵,辛红刚,等.国外致密油储层微观孔隙结构研究及其对鄂尔多斯盆地的启示[J].石油科技论坛,2013,32(1):12-18.
[5]张威,刘新,张玉玮.世界致密油及其勘探开发现状[J].石油科技论坛,2013,32(1):41-44.
[6]林森虎,邹才能,袁选俊,等.美国致密油开发现状及启示[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(4):25-30.
[7]Global Data.Bakken Shale in the US-Oil Shale market analysis and forecasts to 2020.GlobalData,June,2010:1-36.
[8]杜金虎,何海清,杨涛,等.中国致密油勘探进展及面临的挑战[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(1):1-9.
[9]邢福松,秦凤启,王孟华,等.束鹿凹陷泥灰岩致密油气藏储层预测技术研究与应用[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(3):46-49.
[10]李秀英,肖阳,杨全凤,等.二连盆地阿南洼槽岩性油藏及致密油勘探潜力[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(6):56-61.
[11]郭秋麟,陈宁生,谢红兵,等.四川盆地合川地区致密砂岩气藏特征与分布预测[J].中国石油勘探,2010,15(6):45-51.
[12]白斌,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.非常规油气致密储层微观孔喉结构表征新技术及意义[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(3):78-86.
[13]郭秋麟,陈宁生,吴晓智,等.致密油资源评价方法研究[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(2):67-76.
[14]崔俊,周莉,张小波,等.柴达木盆地乌南油田致密砂岩储层特征[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(1):22-28.
[15]梁峰,刘人和,拜文华,等.鄂尔多斯盆地木匠沟地区油页岩分布规律研究及资源量计算[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(1):32-34.
[16]孙莎莎,刘人和,拜文华.鄂尔多斯盆地铜川地区上三叠统油页岩含油率影响因素分析[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(2):79-83.
[17]李松,尹伟,刘震,等.鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块长8油层成藏过程分析[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(4):23-28.
[18]昌燕,刘人和,拜文华,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部三叠系油页岩地质特征及富集规律[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(2):74-78.
[19]Ibrahim H,Gidh Y,Purwanto A,et al.Holistic optimization approach improves economic viability of Bakken shale play.Woodlands,Texas:Society of Petroleum Engineers,April,2011.
①Hart Energy Research Group,Global shale oil study,Houston,Texas:Hart Energy,2011.
①Hart Energy Research Group,North American shale quarterly,Houston,Texas:Hart Energy.
[2]INTEK.U.S.Shale Gas and Shale Oil Plays.Washington,D C:U.S.Energy Information Administration,July,2011.
[3]邹才能,陶士振,袁选俊,等.连续型油气藏形成条件与分布特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):324-331.
[4]尤源,牛小兵,辛红刚,等.国外致密油储层微观孔隙结构研究及其对鄂尔多斯盆地的启示[J].石油科技论坛,2013,32(1):12-18.
[5]张威,刘新,张玉玮.世界致密油及其勘探开发现状[J].石油科技论坛,2013,32(1):41-44.
[6]林森虎,邹才能,袁选俊,等.美国致密油开发现状及启示[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(4):25-30.
[7]Global Data.Bakken Shale in the US-Oil Shale market analysis and forecasts to 2020.GlobalData,June,2010:1-36.
[8]杜金虎,何海清,杨涛,等.中国致密油勘探进展及面临的挑战[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(1):1-9.
[9]邢福松,秦凤启,王孟华,等.束鹿凹陷泥灰岩致密油气藏储层预测技术研究与应用[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(3):46-49.
[10]李秀英,肖阳,杨全凤,等.二连盆地阿南洼槽岩性油藏及致密油勘探潜力[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(6):56-61.
[11]郭秋麟,陈宁生,谢红兵,等.四川盆地合川地区致密砂岩气藏特征与分布预测[J].中国石油勘探,2010,15(6):45-51.
[12]白斌,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.非常规油气致密储层微观孔喉结构表征新技术及意义[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(3):78-86.
[13]郭秋麟,陈宁生,吴晓智,等.致密油资源评价方法研究[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(2):67-76.
[14]崔俊,周莉,张小波,等.柴达木盆地乌南油田致密砂岩储层特征[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(1):22-28.
[15]梁峰,刘人和,拜文华,等.鄂尔多斯盆地木匠沟地区油页岩分布规律研究及资源量计算[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(1):32-34.
[16]孙莎莎,刘人和,拜文华.鄂尔多斯盆地铜川地区上三叠统油页岩含油率影响因素分析[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(2):79-83.
[17]李松,尹伟,刘震,等.鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块长8油层成藏过程分析[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(4):23-28.
[18]昌燕,刘人和,拜文华,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部三叠系油页岩地质特征及富集规律[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(2):74-78.
[19]Ibrahim H,Gidh Y,Purwanto A,et al.Holistic optimization approach improves economic viability of Bakken shale play.Woodlands,Texas:Society of Petroleum Engineers,April,2011.
①Hart Energy Research Group,Global shale oil study,Houston,Texas:Hart Energy,2011.
①Hart Energy Research Group,North American shale quarterly,Houston,Texas:Hart Energy.
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