扎格罗斯褶皱冲断带构造变形特征
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摘要
扎格罗斯褶皱冲断带是扎格罗斯碰撞造山带的前陆褶皱冲断带,也是波斯湾周缘前陆盆地的楔顶带,自北东到南西垂直于构造线方向可分为高扎格罗斯冲断带和扎格罗斯简单褶皱带;自北西到南东沿构造线方向可分为洛雷斯坦区(Lorestan)、迪兹富勒湾区(Dezful Embayment)和法尔斯区(Fars)。扎格罗斯褶皱冲断带的形成始于晚白垩世阿拉伯板块的洋壳向北俯冲到欧亚板块之下,褶皱冲断构造从北东部缝合带向南西方向伸展,并在上新世基本定型。本文选取了横切扎格罗斯褶皱冲断带的3条地质剖面和两条局部地震剖面进行构造变形分析。剖面分析显示研究区垂向上由一条大滑脱面将扎格罗斯褶皱冲断带剖面分为上、下两个构造层;褶皱冲断变形从北东到南西向由强变弱。研究区发育走滑、挤压和拉张3种构造变形,挤压构造变形占主导地位。挤压构造变形又包括滑脱褶皱、断展褶皱、断弯褶皱和双重构造等。
Zagros fold and thrust belt,as the foreland fold and thrust belt of Zagros collisional orogen,is the wedge-top zone of the Persian Gulf peripheral foreland basin.Zagros fold and thrust belt could be divided,along the NE to SW orientation,into high Zagros thrust belt and Zagros simply folded belt,and parallel to the belt orientation,it could be divided into Lorestan,Dezful Embayment and Fars.Zagros fold and thrust belt is formed,as begins in Late Cretaceous,by the Arabia oceanic crust subduct down into the Eurasian plate,and the foldthrust formation developed from NE to SW until it comes into a steady situation basically in Pliocene.The paper analysed the structure-deformation features of three geology sections across the Zagros fold and thrust belt and two seismic profile of Zagros fold and thrust belt,and found the sections could be devided into two up- and down- structural stages by a long decollement layer,and the deformation gets weaker from NE to SW.The structural styles of Zagros fold and thrust belt are extensional,compressional and strike-slip,and the dominant styles is compressional(include decollement fold,fault propagation fold,fault bend fold,klippe and duplex).
Zagros fold and thrust belt,as the foreland fold and thrust belt of Zagros collisional orogen,is the wedge-top zone of the Persian Gulf peripheral foreland basin.Zagros fold and thrust belt could be divided,along the NE to SW orientation,into high Zagros thrust belt and Zagros simply folded belt,and parallel to the belt orientation,it could be divided into Lorestan,Dezful Embayment and Fars.Zagros fold and thrust belt is formed,as begins in Late Cretaceous,by the Arabia oceanic crust subduct down into the Eurasian plate,and the foldthrust formation developed from NE to SW until it comes into a steady situation basically in Pliocene.The paper analysed the structure-deformation features of three geology sections across the Zagros fold and thrust belt and two seismic profile of Zagros fold and thrust belt,and found the sections could be devided into two up- and down- structural stages by a long decollement layer,and the deformation gets weaker from NE to SW.The structural styles of Zagros fold and thrust belt are extensional,compressional and strike-slip,and the dominant styles is compressional(include decollement fold,fault propagation fold,fault bend fold,klippe and duplex).
引文
何登发,Suppe J,贾承造.2005.断层相关裙皱理论与应用研究新进展.地学前缘,12(4):353—364.He Dengfa,Suppe J and Jia Chengzao.2005.New development of the theory and methodology of fault-related folding.Earth Science Frontiers,12(4):353—364.
刘和甫.1993.沉积盆地地球动力学分类及构造样式分析.地球科学,is(6):699—814.Liu Hefu.1993.Dynamic classification of sedimentary basins and their structural styles.Earth Science,18(6):699—814.
卢华复,贾承造,贾东等.2001.库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征.高校地质学报,7(3):257—271.Lu Huafu,Jia Chengzao,Jia Dong et al.2001.Features of the thrust wedge of deformation belt in Kuqa rejuvenation foreland basin.Geological Journal of China Universities,7(3):257—271.
Alavi M.2007.Structures of the Zagros fold-thrust belt in Iran.American Journal of Science,307(9):1064—1095.
Blanc E J-P,Allen M B,Inger S et al.2003.Structural styles in the Zagros simple folded zone,Iran.Journal of the Geological Society,160(3):401—412.
Colman-Sadd S P.1978.Fold development in Zagros simply folded belt,Southwest Iran.AAPG Bulletin,62(6):984—1003.
Dahlstrom C D A.1990.Geometric constraints derived form the law of conservation volume and applied to evolutionary models for detachment folding.AAPG Bulletin,74(3):336—344.
De Vera J,Gines J,Oehlers M et al.2009.Structure of the Zagros fold and thrust belt in the Kurdistan region,northern Iraq.Trabajos de Geologia,29;213—217.
Dercourt J,Zonenshain L P,Ricou L E et al.1986.Geological evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic to the pamirs since the LIAS.Tectonophysics,123(1—4):241—315.
Gavillot Y,Axen G J,Stockli D F et al.2010.Timing of thrust activity in the high Zagros fold-thrust belt,Iran,from(U-Th)/He thermochronometry.Tectonics,29(4):Doi:10.1029/2009TC002484.
Jahani S,Callot J-P,Letouzey J et al.2009.The eastern termination of the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt,Iran:Structures,evolution,and relationships between salt plugs,folding,and faulting.Tectonics,28(6):Doi:10.1029/2008TC002418.
Jamison W R.1987.Geometric analysis of fold development in over thrust terrenes.Journal of Structural Geology,9(2):207—219.
Khadivi S,Mouthereau F,Barbarand J et al.2012.Constraints on palaeodrainage evolution induced by uplift and exhumation on the southern flank of the Zagros-Iranian plateau.Journal of the Geological Society,169(1):83—97.
McQuarrie N.2004.Crustal scale geometry of the Zagros fold-thrust belt,Iran.Journal of Structural Geology,26(3);519—535.
Molinaro M,Leturmy P,Guezou J C et al.2005.The structure and kinematics of the southeastern Zagros fold-thrust belt,Iran:From thin-skinned to thick-skinned tectonics.Tectonics,24(3):Doi:10.1029/2004TC001633.
Motamedi H,Sherkati S and Sepehr M.2012.Structural style variation and its impact on hydrocarbon traps in central Fars,southern Zagros folded belt,Iran.Journal of Structural Geology,37:124—133.
Mouthereau F,Lacombe 0 and Meyer B.2006.The Zagros folded be!t(Fars,Iran):Constraints from topography and critical wedge modelling.Geophysical Journal International,165(1):336—356.
Mouthereau F,Lacombe 0,Tensi J et al.2007.Mechanical constraints on the development of the Zagros folded belt(Fars).In:Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins.247—266.
Mouthereau F,Lacombe O and Verges J.2012.Building the Zagros collisional orogen;Timing,strain distribution and the dynamics of Arabia/Eurasia plate convergence.Tectonophysics,532—535;27—60.
Oveisi B,Lave J and van der Beek P.2007.Rates and processes of active folding evidenced by Pleistocene terraces at the central Zagros front(Iran).In:Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins.267—287.
Ramsey L A,Walker R T and Jackson J.2008.Fold evolution and drainage development in the Zagros Mountains of Fars Province,SE Iran.Basin Research,20(1):23—48.
Ricou L E.1971.Le croissant ophiolitique periarabe;Une ceinture de nappes raises en place au crelace superieur.Revue de Geographic Physique et de Gtologie Dynamique,13(4):327—350.
Sarkarinejad K and Azizi A.2008.Slip partitioning and inclined dextral transpression along the Zagros thrust system,Iran.Journal of Structural Geology,30(1):116—136.
Sepehr M and Cosgrore J W.2004.Structural framework of the Zagros fold-thrust belt,Iran.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21(7):829—843.
Sepehr M,Cosgrove J and Moieni M.2006.The impact of cover rock rheoiogy on the style of folding in the Zagros fold-thrust belt.Tectonophysics,427(1—4):265—281.
Sherkati S,Letouzey J and De Lamotte D F.2006.Central Zagros fold-thrust belt(Iran):New insights from seismic data,field observation,and sandbox modeling.Tectonics,25(4):Doi:10.1029/2004TC001766.
Stampfli G M and Borel G D.2002.A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrons.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,196(1—2);17—33,
Suppe J.1983.Geometry and kinematics of fault bend folding.American Journal of Science,283(7):684—721.
刘和甫.1993.沉积盆地地球动力学分类及构造样式分析.地球科学,is(6):699—814.Liu Hefu.1993.Dynamic classification of sedimentary basins and their structural styles.Earth Science,18(6):699—814.
卢华复,贾承造,贾东等.2001.库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征.高校地质学报,7(3):257—271.Lu Huafu,Jia Chengzao,Jia Dong et al.2001.Features of the thrust wedge of deformation belt in Kuqa rejuvenation foreland basin.Geological Journal of China Universities,7(3):257—271.
Alavi M.2007.Structures of the Zagros fold-thrust belt in Iran.American Journal of Science,307(9):1064—1095.
Blanc E J-P,Allen M B,Inger S et al.2003.Structural styles in the Zagros simple folded zone,Iran.Journal of the Geological Society,160(3):401—412.
Colman-Sadd S P.1978.Fold development in Zagros simply folded belt,Southwest Iran.AAPG Bulletin,62(6):984—1003.
Dahlstrom C D A.1990.Geometric constraints derived form the law of conservation volume and applied to evolutionary models for detachment folding.AAPG Bulletin,74(3):336—344.
De Vera J,Gines J,Oehlers M et al.2009.Structure of the Zagros fold and thrust belt in the Kurdistan region,northern Iraq.Trabajos de Geologia,29;213—217.
Dercourt J,Zonenshain L P,Ricou L E et al.1986.Geological evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic to the pamirs since the LIAS.Tectonophysics,123(1—4):241—315.
Gavillot Y,Axen G J,Stockli D F et al.2010.Timing of thrust activity in the high Zagros fold-thrust belt,Iran,from(U-Th)/He thermochronometry.Tectonics,29(4):Doi:10.1029/2009TC002484.
Jahani S,Callot J-P,Letouzey J et al.2009.The eastern termination of the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt,Iran:Structures,evolution,and relationships between salt plugs,folding,and faulting.Tectonics,28(6):Doi:10.1029/2008TC002418.
Jamison W R.1987.Geometric analysis of fold development in over thrust terrenes.Journal of Structural Geology,9(2):207—219.
Khadivi S,Mouthereau F,Barbarand J et al.2012.Constraints on palaeodrainage evolution induced by uplift and exhumation on the southern flank of the Zagros-Iranian plateau.Journal of the Geological Society,169(1):83—97.
McQuarrie N.2004.Crustal scale geometry of the Zagros fold-thrust belt,Iran.Journal of Structural Geology,26(3);519—535.
Molinaro M,Leturmy P,Guezou J C et al.2005.The structure and kinematics of the southeastern Zagros fold-thrust belt,Iran:From thin-skinned to thick-skinned tectonics.Tectonics,24(3):Doi:10.1029/2004TC001633.
Motamedi H,Sherkati S and Sepehr M.2012.Structural style variation and its impact on hydrocarbon traps in central Fars,southern Zagros folded belt,Iran.Journal of Structural Geology,37:124—133.
Mouthereau F,Lacombe 0 and Meyer B.2006.The Zagros folded be!t(Fars,Iran):Constraints from topography and critical wedge modelling.Geophysical Journal International,165(1):336—356.
Mouthereau F,Lacombe 0,Tensi J et al.2007.Mechanical constraints on the development of the Zagros folded belt(Fars).In:Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins.247—266.
Mouthereau F,Lacombe O and Verges J.2012.Building the Zagros collisional orogen;Timing,strain distribution and the dynamics of Arabia/Eurasia plate convergence.Tectonophysics,532—535;27—60.
Oveisi B,Lave J and van der Beek P.2007.Rates and processes of active folding evidenced by Pleistocene terraces at the central Zagros front(Iran).In:Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins.267—287.
Ramsey L A,Walker R T and Jackson J.2008.Fold evolution and drainage development in the Zagros Mountains of Fars Province,SE Iran.Basin Research,20(1):23—48.
Ricou L E.1971.Le croissant ophiolitique periarabe;Une ceinture de nappes raises en place au crelace superieur.Revue de Geographic Physique et de Gtologie Dynamique,13(4):327—350.
Sarkarinejad K and Azizi A.2008.Slip partitioning and inclined dextral transpression along the Zagros thrust system,Iran.Journal of Structural Geology,30(1):116—136.
Sepehr M and Cosgrore J W.2004.Structural framework of the Zagros fold-thrust belt,Iran.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21(7):829—843.
Sepehr M,Cosgrove J and Moieni M.2006.The impact of cover rock rheoiogy on the style of folding in the Zagros fold-thrust belt.Tectonophysics,427(1—4):265—281.
Sherkati S,Letouzey J and De Lamotte D F.2006.Central Zagros fold-thrust belt(Iran):New insights from seismic data,field observation,and sandbox modeling.Tectonics,25(4):Doi:10.1029/2004TC001766.
Stampfli G M and Borel G D.2002.A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrons.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,196(1—2);17—33,
Suppe J.1983.Geometry and kinematics of fault bend folding.American Journal of Science,283(7):684—721.
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