南海北部超深水区荔湾凹陷恩平组三角洲沉积体系及其烃源岩特征
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摘要
荔湾凹陷是南海北部珠江口盆地超深水区的一个勘探新区,烃源岩是最重要的基础地质问题之一。通过荔湾凹陷地震反射特征分析,认为地震反射具有典型S型反射特征,为三角洲沉积体系。与相邻的白云凹陷类比研究,结合地震、钻井分析,提出荔湾凹陷恩平组三角洲体系是主力烃源岩发育带的新认识。以古生物分析为基础,从沉积环境入手,认为荔湾凹陷与白云凹陷恩平组沉积环境相似,为受限海相沉积环境。荔湾凹陷北部隆起提供物源,进入荔湾海相环境中,形成大规模三角洲体系。该三角洲体系与白云凹陷北坡恩平组三角洲体系具有相似的成煤环境,能够形成煤系烃源岩。同时受三角洲影响,在近三角洲体系的海相环境中,发育陆源海相烃源岩和海相烃源岩。通过地球化学分析认为煤系烃源岩、陆源海相烃源岩和海相烃源岩具有明显的不同,这3类烃源岩对于深水、超深水区域的勘探潜力具有很大影响。
Liwan sag is a new exploration area in the ultra deep-water zone of Pearl River Mouth Basin,northern South China Sea,where the source rocks have arisen one of the most important geological problems.Based on the analysis of seismic data,we consider that Liwan sag is characterized by typical S-shaped seismic reflections and belongs to river delta depositional system.Through a comparative analysis with the adjacent Baiyun sag and combined with seismic and drilling data,we conclude that the delta system of Enping Formation is the main development zone of source rocks in Liwan sag.The results of paleontological analysis show that Liwan sag has a similar sedimentary environment as Baiyun sag,namely,a restricted marine depositional environment.The northern uplift of Liwan sag as the provenance enters into the Liwan marine environment,resulting in the formation of large-scale delta system.This delta system experiences a similar coal-forming environment as the delta system of Enping Formation on the northern slope of Baiyun sag,which can form coal-measure source rocks.As influenced by the delta system,terrigenous marine source rocks and marine source rocks are also developed in the adjacent marine environment.The results of geochemical analysis show that coal-measure source rocks,terrigenous marine source rocks,and marine source rocks are substantially different types of source rocks,all of which have significant implications for the exploration potential in deep-water to ultra deep-water areas.
Liwan sag is a new exploration area in the ultra deep-water zone of Pearl River Mouth Basin,northern South China Sea,where the source rocks have arisen one of the most important geological problems.Based on the analysis of seismic data,we consider that Liwan sag is characterized by typical S-shaped seismic reflections and belongs to river delta depositional system.Through a comparative analysis with the adjacent Baiyun sag and combined with seismic and drilling data,we conclude that the delta system of Enping Formation is the main development zone of source rocks in Liwan sag.The results of paleontological analysis show that Liwan sag has a similar sedimentary environment as Baiyun sag,namely,a restricted marine depositional environment.The northern uplift of Liwan sag as the provenance enters into the Liwan marine environment,resulting in the formation of large-scale delta system.This delta system experiences a similar coal-forming environment as the delta system of Enping Formation on the northern slope of Baiyun sag,which can form coal-measure source rocks.As influenced by the delta system,terrigenous marine source rocks and marine source rocks are also developed in the adjacent marine environment.The results of geochemical analysis show that coal-measure source rocks,terrigenous marine source rocks,and marine source rocks are substantially different types of source rocks,all of which have significant implications for the exploration potential in deep-water to ultra deep-water areas.
引文
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[17]付洁,黎明碧,唐勇,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷裂后异常沉降研究及成因分析[J].海洋学研究,2013,31(1):1-15.Fu Jie,Li Mingbi,Tang Yong,et al.Post-rift subsidence anomaly and its mechanism in the Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Journal of Marine Science,2013,31(1):1-15.
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[2]赵政璋,吴国干,胡素云,等.全球油气勘探新进展[J].石油学报,2005,26(6):119-126.Zhao Zhengzhang,Wu Guogan,Hu Suyun,et al.Recent development of global oil and gas exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(6):119-126.
[3]邹才能,张光亚,陶士振,等.全球油气勘探领域地质特征、重大发现及非常规石油地质[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(2):129-145.Zou Caineng,Zhang Guangya,Tao Shizhen,et al.Geological features,major discoveries and unconventional petroleum geology in the global petroleum exploration[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(2):129-145.
[4]张功成,米立军,屈红军,等.全球深水盆地群分布格局与油气特征[J].石油学报,2011,32(3):369-378.Zhang Gongcheng,Mi Lijun,Qu Hongjun,et al.A basic distributional framework of global deepwater basins and hydrocarbon characteristics[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(3):369-378.
[5]吴时国,袁圣强.世界深水油气勘探进展与我国南海深水油气前景[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(6):693-714.Wu Shiguo,Yuan Shengqiang.Advance of exploration and petroleum geological features of deep-water hydrocarbon in the world[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(6):693-714.
[6]Zhu Weilin,Zhong Kai,Li Youchuan,et al.Characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation and exploration potential of the northern South China Sea deepwater Basins[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2012,57(20):3121-3129.
[7]张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区—南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.Zhang Gongcheng,Mi Lijun,Wu Shiguo,et al.Deepwater areathe new prospecting targets of northern continental margin of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):15-21.
[8]张功成,朱伟林,米立军,等.“源热共控论”:来自南海海域油气田“外油内气”环带有序分布的新认识[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):987-1005.Zhang Gongcheng,Zhu Weilin,Mi Lijun,et al.The theory of hydrocarbon generation controlled by source rock and heat from circle distribution of outside-oil fields and inside-gas fields in South China Sea[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(5):987-1005.
[9]张功成,苗顺德,陈莹,等.“源热共控”中国近海天然气富集区分布[J].天然气工业,2013,33(4):1-17.Zhang Gongcheng,Miao Shunde,Chen Ying,et al.Distribution of gas enrichment regions controlled by source rocks and geothermal heat in China offshore basins[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(4):1-17.
[10]杨楚鹏,姚永坚,李学杰,等.南海南部曾母盆地新生界煤系烃源岩生油条件[J].石油学报,2010,31(6):920-926.Yang Chupeng,Yao Yongjian,Li Xuejie,et al.Oil-generating potential of Cenozoic coal-measure source rocks in Zengmu Baisn,the southern South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(6):920-926.
[11]朱伟林.中国近海油气勘探进展[J].中国工程科学,2010,12(5):18-24.Zhu Weilin.Advancements of oil and gas exploration in China offshore area:overview and perspective[J].Engineering Sciences,2010,12(5):18-24.
[12]庞雄,何敏,朱俊章,等.珠二坳陷湖相烃源岩形成条件分析[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(2):86-94.Pang Xiong,He Min,Zhu Junzhang,et al.A study on development conditions of lacustrine source rocks in ZhuⅡdepression,Pearl River Mouth basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(2):86-94.
[13]施和生,柳保军,颜承志,等.珠江口盆地白云—荔湾深水区油气成藏条件与勘探潜力[J].中国海上油气,2010,22(6):369-374.Shi Hesheng,Liu Baojun Yan Chengzhi,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration potential in Baiyun-Liwan deepwater area,Pearl River Month Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2010,22(6):369-374.
[14]邓运华.试论中国近海两个坳陷带油气地质差异性[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):1-8.Deng Yunhua.Analysis on differences of petroleum type and geological conditions between two depression belts in China offshore[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(1):1-8.
[15]陶维祥,丁放,何仕斌,等.国外深水油气勘探述评及中国深水油气勘探前景[J].地质科技情报,2006,25(6):59-66.Tao Weixiang,Ding Fang,He Shibin,et al.Deepwater petroleum exploration abroad and deepwater petroleum exploration prospect of China[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2006,25(6):59-66.
[16]宋陶然,李春峰.由高密度磁异常测量数据分析南海海盆的扩张年龄与扩张模式[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(4):1432-1442.Song Taoran,Li Chunfeng.The opening ages and mode of the South China Sea estimated from high-density magnetic tracks[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(4):1432-1442.
[17]付洁,黎明碧,唐勇,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷裂后异常沉降研究及成因分析[J].海洋学研究,2013,31(1):1-15.Fu Jie,Li Mingbi,Tang Yong,et al.Post-rift subsidence anomaly and its mechanism in the Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Journal of Marine Science,2013,31(1):1-15.
[17]邓运华.论河流与油气的共生关系[J].石油学报,2010,31(1):12-17.Deng Yunhua.Analysis on correlation of river and petroleum[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,31(1):12-17.
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