岩石脆性预测在吉木萨尔凹陷致密油勘探中的应用
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摘要
岩石的脆性是非常规油气藏勘探开发中需考虑的关键岩石力学参数之一。岩石脆,压裂过程中易产生缝网,从而有效改造储层,达到提高单井产量的目的。基于岩石弹性参数的归一化杨氏模量和泊松比方法,是当前广泛采用的可用于地震预测的岩石脆性评价技术,但其结果受归一化参数取值的影响较大,适用性受到影响。利用杨氏模量和泊松比的商作为脆性评价指标,并用大量岩石力学实验刻度,大大提高了岩石脆性判别的可信度。利用地震叠前弹性参数反演,开展吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油岩石脆性预测,指导水平井部署。为保证更好的储层改造效果,在水平井轨迹设计过程中不但考虑了储层物性,还充分考虑了岩石脆性。在优选的有利区钻探水平井,并实施了体积压裂,微地震监测结果显示压裂产生了缝状网,储层改造效果理想。该水平井试油获得了稳定高产工业油流。
Brittleness of rocks is one of the key parameters of rock mechanics which should be considered in exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. When the rock is brittle,fracture networks tend to form during hydraulic fracturing,thus improving the reservoir properties effectively,and enhancing the single-well productivity. Based on the current technologies,evaluating the brittleness of rocks can be applied to seismic prediction using normalized Young's modulus and Poisson ratio. Although it is widely used,the evaluation results are highly influenced by the normalization parameters,so this approach is not perfect. This work used the quotient of Young's modulus and Poisson ratio( EPR) as the value of brittleness,which is calibrated with rock mechanic experiment results. It has significantly increased the in credibility of rock brittleness identification. Meanwhile,by using prestack elastic parameters inversion,the rocks brittleness of Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar sag was predicted,and the result was used to deploy a horizontal well. In order to ensure good fracturing,not only rock reservoir physical properties,but more important,rock brittleness is fully considered in the design of horizontal well trajectory. A horizontal well was drilled in the favorable area that has better brittleness as shown by seismic prediction.Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing was carried out to this horizontal well. Microseismic detection shows that fracture networks were generated during fracturing in this well,which indicated that good stimulation has been achieved. High-yield oil flow was obtained from this horizontal well after fracturing.
Brittleness of rocks is one of the key parameters of rock mechanics which should be considered in exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. When the rock is brittle,fracture networks tend to form during hydraulic fracturing,thus improving the reservoir properties effectively,and enhancing the single-well productivity. Based on the current technologies,evaluating the brittleness of rocks can be applied to seismic prediction using normalized Young's modulus and Poisson ratio. Although it is widely used,the evaluation results are highly influenced by the normalization parameters,so this approach is not perfect. This work used the quotient of Young's modulus and Poisson ratio( EPR) as the value of brittleness,which is calibrated with rock mechanic experiment results. It has significantly increased the in credibility of rock brittleness identification. Meanwhile,by using prestack elastic parameters inversion,the rocks brittleness of Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar sag was predicted,and the result was used to deploy a horizontal well. In order to ensure good fracturing,not only rock reservoir physical properties,but more important,rock brittleness is fully considered in the design of horizontal well trajectory. A horizontal well was drilled in the favorable area that has better brittleness as shown by seismic prediction.Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing was carried out to this horizontal well. Microseismic detection shows that fracture networks were generated during fracturing in this well,which indicated that good stimulation has been achieved. High-yield oil flow was obtained from this horizontal well after fracturing.
引文
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陈勉,金衍,张广清.2011.石油工程岩石力学基础[M].北京石油工业出版社:1-100
刁海燕.2013.泥页岩储层岩石力学特性及脆性评价[J].岩石学报,29(9):3300-3306
李华阳,周灿灿,李长喜,李潮流,石玉江,王长胜.2014.致密砂岩脆性指数测井评价方法[J].新疆石油地质,35(5):593-597
李庆辉,陈勉,金衍,WANG F P,侯冰,张保卫.2012.页岩脆性的室内评价方法及改进[J].岩石力学与工程学报,31(8):1680-1685
牛强,曾溅辉,王鑫,周开富,李向峰,孙鹏.2014.X射线元素录井技术在胜利油区泥页岩脆性评价中的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,21(1):24-27
袁桂琴,孙跃,高卫东,石旭东,王英秀.2013.页岩气地球物理勘探技术发展现状[J].地质与勘探,49(5):945-950
赵政璋,杜金虎.2012.致密油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社:1-100
Chen Mian,Jin Yan,Zhang Guang-qing.2011.Basis of rock mechanism for petroleum engineering[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress:1-100(in Chinese)
Diao Hai-yan.2013.Rock mechanical properties and brittleness evaluation of shale reservoir[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(9):3300-3306(in Chinese with English abstract)
Heteny M.1966.Handbook of experimental stress analysis[M].NewYork:John Wiley:23-25
Hucka V,Das B.1974.Brittleness determination of rocks by differenmethods[C].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and MiningSciences&Geomechanics Abstracts.Pergamon,11(10):389-392
Jarvie D M,Hill R J,Ruble T E,Pollastro R M.2007.Unconventionashale-gas systems:The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-centraTexas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].AAPG bulletin,91(4):475-499
Jesse V H.1960.Glossary of geology and related sciences[M].Washington D.C.:American Geological Institute:99-102
Li Hua-yang,Zhou Can-can,Li Chang-xi,Li Chao-liu,Shi Yu-jiang,Wang Chang-sheng.2014.Logging evaluation and application of brittleness index in tight sandstone reservoir[J].Xin jiang PetroleumGeology,35(5):593-597(in Chese with English abstract)
Li Qing-hui,Chen Mian,Jin Yan,Wang F P,Hou Bing,Zhang Bao-wei.2012.Indoor evaluation method for shale brittleness and improvement[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,31(8):1680-1685(in Chese with English abstract)
Morley A.1944.Strength of materials[M].London:Longman Green:71-72
Niu Qiang,Zeng Jian-hui,Wang Xin,Zhou Kai-fu,Li Xiang-feng,SunPeng.2014.Application of X-ray element logging to shale brittlenessevaluation in shenli oil-field[J].Petroleum Geology and RecoveryEfficiency,21(1):24-27(in Chese with English abstract)
Ramsay J G..1967.Folding and fracturing of rocks[M].London:McG raw-Hill:44-47
Rickman R,Mullen M,Petre E,Grieser B,Kundert D.2008.A practical use of shale petrophysics for stimulation design optimization:Allshale plays are not clones of the Barnett Shale[C].SPE AnnualTechnical Conference and Exhibition.Society of Petroleum Engineers
Yuan Gui-qin,Sun Yue,Gao Wei-dong,Shi Xu-dong,Wang Ying-xiu.2013.Development status of the shale gas geophysical prospectingtechnology[J].Geology and Exploration,49(5):945-950(inChese with English abstract)
Wang F P,Gale J F W.2009.Screening criteria for shale-gas system[C].GCAGS
Zhao Zheng-zhang,Du Jin-hu.2012.Tight oil and gas[M].BeijingPetroleum Industry Press:1-100(in Chinese)
陈勉,金衍,张广清.2011.石油工程岩石力学基础[M].北京石油工业出版社:1-100
刁海燕.2013.泥页岩储层岩石力学特性及脆性评价[J].岩石学报,29(9):3300-3306
李华阳,周灿灿,李长喜,李潮流,石玉江,王长胜.2014.致密砂岩脆性指数测井评价方法[J].新疆石油地质,35(5):593-597
李庆辉,陈勉,金衍,WANG F P,侯冰,张保卫.2012.页岩脆性的室内评价方法及改进[J].岩石力学与工程学报,31(8):1680-1685
牛强,曾溅辉,王鑫,周开富,李向峰,孙鹏.2014.X射线元素录井技术在胜利油区泥页岩脆性评价中的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,21(1):24-27
袁桂琴,孙跃,高卫东,石旭东,王英秀.2013.页岩气地球物理勘探技术发展现状[J].地质与勘探,49(5):945-950
赵政璋,杜金虎.2012.致密油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社:1-100
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