天山—准噶尔地区地震层析成像与壳幔结构
摘要
通过对东西天山两条天然地震剖面的远震P波与近震P波走时资料以及2001—2007年新疆地方台网的近震走时资料分析,获得了天山—准噶尔地区的三维地震层析图像.层析反演使用的台站数140个,地震事件1132个,P波走时数24904条.检测板试验结果指出,东西天山剖面、天山轴部和东准噶尔地区P波速度扰动恢复能力相对高.纵波波速反演扰动结果能明确区分天山内部的高速体和两侧盆地的低速体,同时也可以分辨天山内部的山间盆地及深部的低速体.而且发现东西天山地壳上地幔结构存在较大差异.西天山地壳内部呈现南北向中间拼贴的构造样式,而东天山则主要表现为天山与准噶尔盆地强烈的耦合作用;地幔深度两个区域都出现的中天山低速体,在西天山表现为上涌,而在东天山则卷入俯冲过程.天山准噶尔接触带的两个切片表现为西陡东缓,这可能是由于西部帕米尔阻挡造成天山地区中部活化断裂存在走滑分量,使塔里木盆地地壳与地幔内的高低速体分布倾向或倾角不一致.阿尔泰地区地幔深度发现大规模高速体分布,可能与地幔中基性岩浆上升侵入有关,地壳浅部再分异混染成矿.
Based on 24904 P-wave arrival time data from 1132 events recorded at 140 stations in two seismic profiles across Tianshan mountain and in Xinjiang regional seismic network,tomographic images of P-wave velocity are achieved beneath Tianshan--Junggar region by travel time inversion.Result of checkboard tests indicates that the reliability of velocity perturbation recovering is relatively high for the region beneath the two profiles themselves,along Tiansh-an and eastern Junggar.The inversion result of P-wave velocity perturbations clearly tells the boundary between the high velocity zone in Tianshan terrane and low velocity zone in the basins on both sides of Tianshan.Moreover,the result also reveals the low velocity beneath inner-Tianshan basin and in the upper mantle.On the tomographic image we can see distinguished difference between eastern and western Tianshan.In the crust beneath western Tianshan a typical structure of knocking together from both northern and southern part towards central can be found,while beneath eastern Tianshan the structure shows strong coupling between Tianshan mountain and Junggar basin.Nevertheless at the depth in top mantle both areas display a low velocity zone named as Central Tianshan LVZ,behaving as medium upgoing flow in the west and as block subducting in the east.At the depth of upper mantle in Altai area there is a large size high velocity zone,which may be attributed to the intruding of intermediate-basaltic magma.The magmatic differentiation in shallow crust may form hybrid deposits.
Based on 24904 P-wave arrival time data from 1132 events recorded at 140 stations in two seismic profiles across Tianshan mountain and in Xinjiang regional seismic network,tomographic images of P-wave velocity are achieved beneath Tianshan--Junggar region by travel time inversion.Result of checkboard tests indicates that the reliability of velocity perturbation recovering is relatively high for the region beneath the two profiles themselves,along Tiansh-an and eastern Junggar.The inversion result of P-wave velocity perturbations clearly tells the boundary between the high velocity zone in Tianshan terrane and low velocity zone in the basins on both sides of Tianshan.Moreover,the result also reveals the low velocity beneath inner-Tianshan basin and in the upper mantle.On the tomographic image we can see distinguished difference between eastern and western Tianshan.In the crust beneath western Tianshan a typical structure of knocking together from both northern and southern part towards central can be found,while beneath eastern Tianshan the structure shows strong coupling between Tianshan mountain and Junggar basin.Nevertheless at the depth in top mantle both areas display a low velocity zone named as Central Tianshan LVZ,behaving as medium upgoing flow in the west and as block subducting in the east.At the depth of upper mantle in Altai area there is a large size high velocity zone,which may be attributed to the intruding of intermediate-basaltic magma.The magmatic differentiation in shallow crust may form hybrid deposits.
引文
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赵俊猛,李植纯,程宏岗,姚长利,黎益仕.2004.天山造山带岩石圈密度与磁性结构研究及其动力学分析[J].地球物理学报,47(6):1061--1067.
Aki K,Lee W H K.1976.Determination of three-dimensional velocity anomalies under a seismic array usingfirst P arri-val times fromlocal earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,81(23):4381--4399.
Husen S,Kissling E.2001.Local earthquake tomography between rays and waves:fat ray tomography[J].Phys EarthPlanet Int,123:129--149.
Poupinet G,Avouac J P,Jiang M.2002.Intracontinental subduction and Palaeozoic inheritance of the lithosphere sug-gested by a teleseismic experiment across the Chinese Tien Shan[J].Terra Nova,14(1):18--24.
Rawlinson N,Marthijn D K,Sambridge M.2006.Seismic wavefront trackingin3-D heterogeneous media:applicationswith multiple data classes[J].Exploration Geophysics,37:322--330.
Rawlinson N,Urvoy M.2006.Simultaneousinversion of active and passive source datasets for3-Dseismic structure withapplication to Tasmania[J].Geophysical Research Letters,33(L24313)doi:10.1029.
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Van der Voo R,Natalia ML,Ludmila I S.2006.Late orogenic,large-scale rotations in the Tien Shan and adjacent mo-bile belts in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan[J].Tectonophysics,426:335--360.
Yang S M,Li J,Wang Q.2008.The deformation pattern and fault rate in the Tianshan Mountains inferred from GPSobservations[J].Science in China:Series D,51(8):1064--1080.
Zhao D,Akira H,Shigeki H.1992.Tomographic imaging of Pand S wave velocity structure beneath Northeastern Japan[J].J Geophys Res,97(B13):19909--19928.
Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Kanamori H.1994.Deep structure of Japan subduction zone as derived fromlocal,regional andteleseismic events[J].J Geophys Res,99(B11):22313--22329.
郭飚,刘启元,陈九辉,赵大鹏,李顺成,赖院根.2006.中国境内天山地壳上地幔结构的地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,49(6):1693--1700.
韩宝福,何国琦,王式光.1999.后碰撞幔源岩浆活动、底垫作用及准噶尔盆地基底的性质[J].中国科学:D辑,29(1):16--21.
李海鸥,姜枚,王亚军,张立树,于更新.2006.新疆富蕴—库尔勒剖面接收函数方法获得的地壳上地幔结构成像[J].地质学报,80(1):135--141.
李杰,方伟,朱治国,刘代芹.2006.中部天山地壳活动的GPS初步分析[J].内陆地震,20(3):239--244.
李锦轶,王克卓,李亚萍,孙桂华,褚春华,李丽群,朱志新.2006.天山山脉地貌特征,地壳组成与地质演化[J].地质通报,25(8):895--909.
李秋生,卢德源,高锐,张之英,刘文,李英康,李敬卫,范景义,熊贤明.2001.新疆地学断面(泉水沟—独山子)深地震测深成果综合研究[J].地球学报,22(6):534--540.
李昱,刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成,郭飚,赖院根.2007.天山地壳上地幔的S波速度结构[J].中国科学:D辑,37(3):344--352.
米宁,王良书,李华,徐鸣洁,李成,张勇,陈运平,于大勇.2005.天山和塔里木盆山接合部地壳上地幔速度结构研究[J].科学通报,50(4):363--368.
裴正林,余钦范.2001.小波多尺度井间地震波形层析成像方法.石油地球物理勘探[J].36(6):680--689.
舒良树,郭召杰,朱文斌,卢华复,王博.2004.天山地区碰撞后构造与盆山演化[J].高校地质学报,10(3):393--404.
唐红松,王正云.1998.新疆准北地区晚古生代板块构造及与铜矿的关系[J].矿产与地质,12(2):91--95.
王琪,张培震,牛之俊,Freymueller J T,赖锡安,李延兴,朱文耀,刘经南,Bilham R,Larson K M.2001.中国大陆现今地壳运动和构造变形[J].中国科学:D辑,31(7):529--536.
王有学,Mooney WD,韩果花,袁学诚,姜枚.2005.台湾—阿尔泰地学断面阿尔金—龙门山剖面的地壳纵波速度结构[J].地球物理学报,48(1):98--106.
魏素花,薛光琦,钱辉,姜枚,Poupinet G,Kissiling E.2000.新疆库车—克拉玛依地震层析成像[J].地球物理学进展,15(4):46--54.
吴庆福.1986.准噶尔盆地构造演化与找油领域[J].新疆地质,4(3):1--19.
胥颐,冯先岳,萨茨洛夫B H.1996.天山地区的深部速度结构[J].地震地质,18(4):375--381.
胥颐,刘福田,刘建华,孙若昧,何建坤.2000.中国西北大陆造山带及毗邻盆地的地震层析成像[J].中国科学:D辑,30(2):113--122.
赵俊猛,李植纯,程宏岗,姚长利,黎益仕.2004.天山造山带岩石圈密度与磁性结构研究及其动力学分析[J].地球物理学报,47(6):1061--1067.
Aki K,Lee W H K.1976.Determination of three-dimensional velocity anomalies under a seismic array usingfirst P arri-val times fromlocal earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,81(23):4381--4399.
Husen S,Kissling E.2001.Local earthquake tomography between rays and waves:fat ray tomography[J].Phys EarthPlanet Int,123:129--149.
Poupinet G,Avouac J P,Jiang M.2002.Intracontinental subduction and Palaeozoic inheritance of the lithosphere sug-gested by a teleseismic experiment across the Chinese Tien Shan[J].Terra Nova,14(1):18--24.
Rawlinson N,Marthijn D K,Sambridge M.2006.Seismic wavefront trackingin3-D heterogeneous media:applicationswith multiple data classes[J].Exploration Geophysics,37:322--330.
Rawlinson N,Urvoy M.2006.Simultaneousinversion of active and passive source datasets for3-Dseismic structure withapplication to Tasmania[J].Geophysical Research Letters,33(L24313)doi:10.1029.
Shapiro N M,Campillo N M,Stehly L,Ritzwoller M H.2005.High resolution surfacewave tomography fromambientseismic noise[J].Science,307(5715):1615--1618.
Van der Voo R,Natalia ML,Ludmila I S.2006.Late orogenic,large-scale rotations in the Tien Shan and adjacent mo-bile belts in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan[J].Tectonophysics,426:335--360.
Yang S M,Li J,Wang Q.2008.The deformation pattern and fault rate in the Tianshan Mountains inferred from GPSobservations[J].Science in China:Series D,51(8):1064--1080.
Zhao D,Akira H,Shigeki H.1992.Tomographic imaging of Pand S wave velocity structure beneath Northeastern Japan[J].J Geophys Res,97(B13):19909--19928.
Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Kanamori H.1994.Deep structure of Japan subduction zone as derived fromlocal,regional andteleseismic events[J].J Geophys Res,99(B11):22313--22329.
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