砂泥岩储层岩石物理交会模板构建
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摘要
岩石物理是研究储层参数和岩石弹性参数之间关系的基础,在储层特性和地震特性之间起到了桥梁作用.为了更加精细的识别岩性,更好的进行砂泥岩储层油气的识别和预测,需要基于岩石物理寻找有效的识别方法.本文基于微分等效介质理论构建了砂泥岩储层岩石物理模型.为了考虑砂泥岩储层流体分布的非均匀性,模型中采用了斑块状饱和理论.文中分析了砂泥岩弹性参数和储层物性之间的关系,给出了各物性参数对弹性参数的影响结果,并根据储层物性的影响绘制了弹性参数交会模板.不同于常规交会分析,该弹性参数交会模板综合考虑了孔隙度、含水饱和度、泥质含量和孔隙纵横比等参数的影响,更加真实地反应了储层的地下特征.该交会模板的优势在于可以合理的界定出储层的砂、泥岩范围,而且根据泥质含量等参数的不同,可以进一步界定储层岩性的范围,为储层岩性的精细识别提供了新的方法.通过实际井资料的应用,该交会模板做到了砂泥岩储层岩性的有效区分,另外根据交会模板中泥质含量的不同,由0.5到0.25,我们可以在地震剖面中做出砂岩储层范围的精细界定,较好地识别了岩性,为寻找储层提供可靠依据.
Rock physics is the basis to study the relationship between reservoir parameters and rock elastic parameters,which plays a role as a bridge between reservoir properties and seismic characteristics.Through rock physics modeling,the relationship between reservoir parameters and the elastic parameters of rock can be built,to study the reservoir characteristics reasonably and reduce exploration and development risk.For more precise identification of lithology,and the better identification and prediction of Sand mudstone reservoir,an effective method of identification based on rock physics is need to be found.Based on differential effective medium model,a rock physics model for sand shale reservoir is built.In order to consider the heterogeneity of fluid,the patchy saturation theory is used in this model.We analyze the relationship between reservoir parameters and rock elastic parameters in theory,and give the results of the changes of all kinds of elastic parameters caused by the difference of reservoir parameters.Then we build the rock elastic parameters cross plot template considering the influence of reservoir physical property.Porosity,water saturation,shale content and aspect ratio of pores are considered comprehensively in the cross plot template,which is different from other regular templates.The template can distinguish between sandstone and mudstone effectively,and easily define the scopes of sandstone and mudstone.If the different clay content is given in this cross plot template,the different recognition precision of the reservoir lithology can be shown.By applying the actual well data,the sandstone and the mudstone are distinguished effectively.In addition,according to the change of the clay content in the cross plot template,from 0.5 to 0.25,the boundary of the sandstone can be defined precisely in the seismic section.The cross plot template built provides a better method to identify lithology,and provides a reliable basis for looking for the reservoirs.Application examples prove the validity of this identification method.
Rock physics is the basis to study the relationship between reservoir parameters and rock elastic parameters,which plays a role as a bridge between reservoir properties and seismic characteristics.Through rock physics modeling,the relationship between reservoir parameters and the elastic parameters of rock can be built,to study the reservoir characteristics reasonably and reduce exploration and development risk.For more precise identification of lithology,and the better identification and prediction of Sand mudstone reservoir,an effective method of identification based on rock physics is need to be found.Based on differential effective medium model,a rock physics model for sand shale reservoir is built.In order to consider the heterogeneity of fluid,the patchy saturation theory is used in this model.We analyze the relationship between reservoir parameters and rock elastic parameters in theory,and give the results of the changes of all kinds of elastic parameters caused by the difference of reservoir parameters.Then we build the rock elastic parameters cross plot template considering the influence of reservoir physical property.Porosity,water saturation,shale content and aspect ratio of pores are considered comprehensively in the cross plot template,which is different from other regular templates.The template can distinguish between sandstone and mudstone effectively,and easily define the scopes of sandstone and mudstone.If the different clay content is given in this cross plot template,the different recognition precision of the reservoir lithology can be shown.By applying the actual well data,the sandstone and the mudstone are distinguished effectively.In addition,according to the change of the clay content in the cross plot template,from 0.5 to 0.25,the boundary of the sandstone can be defined precisely in the seismic section.The cross plot template built provides a better method to identify lithology,and provides a reliable basis for looking for the reservoirs.Application examples prove the validity of this identification method.
引文
Avseth P,Johansen T A,Bakhorji A,et al.2014.Rock-physics modeling guided by depositional and burial history in low-tointermediate-porosity sandstones[J].Geophysics,79(2):D115-D121,doi,10.1190/geo2013-0226.1.
Ba J,Yan X F,Chen Z Y,et al.2013.Rock physics model and gas saturation inversion for heterogeneous gas reservoirs[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(5):1696-1706,doi:10.6038/cjg20130527.
Bai J Y,Song Z X,Su L,et al.2012.Error analysis of shearvelocity prediction by the Xu-White model[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(2):589-595,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.02.021.
Berryman J G.1980.Long-wavelength propagation in composite elastic media 1.Spherical inclusions[J],The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,68(6):1809-1819,doi:10.1121/1.385172.
Berryman J G.1992.Single-scattering approximations for coefficients in Biot's equations of poroelasticity[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,91(2):551-571,doi:10.1121/1.402518.
Berryman J G.1995.Mixture theories for rock properties[J].Rock Physics&Phase Relations:A Handbook of Physical Constants,205-228,doi:10.1029/RF003p0205.
Chen H Z,Yin X Y,Gao C G,et al.2014.AVAZ inversion for fluid factor based on fracture anisotropic rock physics theory[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(3):968-978,doi:10.6O38/cjg20140326.
Chen Y,Huang T f,Liu E R.2009.Rock Physics(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:University of Science and Technology of China Press.
Dong N,Huo Z Z,Sun Z D,et al.2014.An investigation of a new rock physics model for shale[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(6):1990-1998,doi;10.6038/cjg20140629.
Dvorkin J,Nur A.1996.Elasticity of high-porosity sandstones:Theory for two North Sea data sets[J].Geophysics,61(5):1363-1370,doi:10.1190/1.1444059.
Gassmann F.1951.Elastic waves through a packing of spheres[J].Geophysics,16(4):673-685,doi:10.1190/1.1437718.
Guo J L,Niu B H,Sun C Y,et al.2012.Seismic wave propagation based on critical porosity model[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(11):3813-3820,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.028.
Hashin Z,Shtrikman S.1963.A variational approach to the theory of the elastic behaviour of multiphase materials[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,11(2):127-140,doi:10.1016/0022-5096(63)90060-7.
Hill R.1952.The elastic behaviour of a crystalline aggregate[J].Proceedings of the Physical Society.Section A,65(5):349-354,doi:10.1088/0370-1298/65/5/307.
Hill R.1963.Elastic properties of reinforced solids:some theoretical principles[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,11(5):357-372,doi:10.1016/0022-5096(63)90036-X.
Keys R G,Xu S Y.2002.An approximation for the Xu-White velocity model[J].Geophysics,67(5):1406-1414,doi:10.1190/1.1512786.
Kuster G T,Toksbz M N.1974.Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media[J].Geophysics,39(5):587-606,doi:10.1190/1.1440450.
Lee M W.2006.A simple method of predicting S-wave velocity[J].Geophysics,71(6):F161-F164,doi:10.1190/1.2357833.
Li W X,Shi G,Wang H,et al.2007.The study on the relationships of elastic properties of rock physics[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(5):1380-1385,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.05.007.
Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.2009.The rock physics handbook:Tools for seismic analysis of porous media[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Nie J X,Yang D H,Ba J.2010.Velocity dispersion and attenuation of waves in low-porosity-permeability anisotropic viscoelastic media with clay[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53(2):385-392,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.02.016.
Nur A.1992.Critical porosity and the seismic velocities in rocks[J].EOS,Tram.Arm.Geophys.Union,73:43-66.
Pride S R,Berryman J G,Harris J M.2004.Seismic attenuation due to wave-induced flow[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth(1978-2012),109(B1):B01201,doi:10.1029/2003JB002639.
Ruiz F,Cheng A.2010.A rock physics model for tight gas sand[J].The Leading Edge,29(12):1484-1489,doi:10.1190/1.3525364.
Ruiz F,Azizov I.2011.Fluid substitution in tight shale using the soft-porosity model[C],//SEG Annual Meeting.
Smith T M,Sayers C M,Sondergeld C H.2009.Rock properties in low-porosity/low-permeability sandstones[J].The Leading Edge,28(1):48-59,doi:10.1190/1.3064146.
Tang X M,Qian Y P,Chen X L.2013.Laboratory study of elastic wave theory for a cracked porous medium using ultrasonic velocity data of rock samples[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(12):4226-4233,doi:10.6038/cjg20131225.
Wang Z J.2001.Fundamentals of seismic rock physics[J].Geophysics,66(2):398-412,doi:10.1190/1.1444931.
Xu S Y,White R E.1995.A new velocity model for clay-sand mixtu res[J].Geophysical prospecting,43(1):91-118,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.1995.tb00126.x.
Xu S Y,White R E.1996.A physical model for shear-wave velocity prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting,44(4):687-717,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.1996.tb00170.x.
Zhang G Z,Li C C,Yin X Y,et al.2012.A shear velocity estimation method for carbonate rocks based on the improved Xu-White model[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),47(5):717-722.
Zhang G Z,Chen H Z,Wang Q,et al.2013.Estimation of S-wave velocity and anisotropic parameters using fractured carbonate rock physics model[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(5):1707-1715,doi:10.6038/cjg20130528.
Zhang J J,Li H B,Yao F C.2012.Rock critical porosity inversion and S-wave velocity prediction[J].Applied Geophysics,9(1):57-64,doi:10.1007/s11770-012-0314-8.
巴晶,晏信飞,陈志勇,等.2013.非均质天然气藏的岩石物理模型及含气饱和度反演[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1696-1706,doi:10.6038/cjg20130527.
白俊雨,宋志翔,苏凌,等.2012.基于xu_white模型横波速度预测的误差分析[J].地球物理学报,55(2):589-595,doi:10.6038/j.issm 0001-5733.2012.02.021.
陈怀震,印兴耀,高成国,等.2014.基于各向异性岩石物理的缝隙流体因子AVAZ反演[J].地球物理学报,57(3):968-978,doi:10.6038/cjg20140326.
陈颙,黄庭芳,刘恩儒.2009.岩石物理学[M].北京:中国科学技术大学出版社.
董宁,霍志周,孙赞东,等.2014.泥页岩岩石物理建模研究[J].地球物理学报,57(6):1990-1998,doi:10.6038/cjg20140629.
郭继亮,牛滨华,孙春岩,等.2012.基于临界孔隙度模型的地震波传播[J].地球物理学报,55(11):3813-3820,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.028.
李维新,史謌,王红,等.2007.岩石物理弹性参数规律研究[J].地球物理学进展,22(5):1380-1385,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.05.007.
聂建新,杨顶辉,巴晶.2010.含泥质低孔渗各向异性黏弹性介质中的波频散和衰减研究[J].地球物理学报,53(2):385-392,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.02.016.
唐晓明,钱玉萍,陈雪莲.2013.孔隙、裂隙介质弹性波理论的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,56(12):4226-4233,doi:10.6038/cjg20131225.
张广智,李呈呈,印兴耀,等.2012.基于修正Xu-white模型的碳酸盐岩横波速度估算方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,47(5):717-722.
张广智,陈怀震,王琪,等.2013.基于碳酸盐岩裂缝岩石物理模型的横波速度和各向异性参数预测[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1707-1715,doi:10.6038/cjg20130528.
Ba J,Yan X F,Chen Z Y,et al.2013.Rock physics model and gas saturation inversion for heterogeneous gas reservoirs[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(5):1696-1706,doi:10.6038/cjg20130527.
Bai J Y,Song Z X,Su L,et al.2012.Error analysis of shearvelocity prediction by the Xu-White model[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(2):589-595,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.02.021.
Berryman J G.1980.Long-wavelength propagation in composite elastic media 1.Spherical inclusions[J],The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,68(6):1809-1819,doi:10.1121/1.385172.
Berryman J G.1992.Single-scattering approximations for coefficients in Biot's equations of poroelasticity[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,91(2):551-571,doi:10.1121/1.402518.
Berryman J G.1995.Mixture theories for rock properties[J].Rock Physics&Phase Relations:A Handbook of Physical Constants,205-228,doi:10.1029/RF003p0205.
Chen H Z,Yin X Y,Gao C G,et al.2014.AVAZ inversion for fluid factor based on fracture anisotropic rock physics theory[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(3):968-978,doi:10.6O38/cjg20140326.
Chen Y,Huang T f,Liu E R.2009.Rock Physics(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:University of Science and Technology of China Press.
Dong N,Huo Z Z,Sun Z D,et al.2014.An investigation of a new rock physics model for shale[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(6):1990-1998,doi;10.6038/cjg20140629.
Dvorkin J,Nur A.1996.Elasticity of high-porosity sandstones:Theory for two North Sea data sets[J].Geophysics,61(5):1363-1370,doi:10.1190/1.1444059.
Gassmann F.1951.Elastic waves through a packing of spheres[J].Geophysics,16(4):673-685,doi:10.1190/1.1437718.
Guo J L,Niu B H,Sun C Y,et al.2012.Seismic wave propagation based on critical porosity model[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(11):3813-3820,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.028.
Hashin Z,Shtrikman S.1963.A variational approach to the theory of the elastic behaviour of multiphase materials[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,11(2):127-140,doi:10.1016/0022-5096(63)90060-7.
Hill R.1952.The elastic behaviour of a crystalline aggregate[J].Proceedings of the Physical Society.Section A,65(5):349-354,doi:10.1088/0370-1298/65/5/307.
Hill R.1963.Elastic properties of reinforced solids:some theoretical principles[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,11(5):357-372,doi:10.1016/0022-5096(63)90036-X.
Keys R G,Xu S Y.2002.An approximation for the Xu-White velocity model[J].Geophysics,67(5):1406-1414,doi:10.1190/1.1512786.
Kuster G T,Toksbz M N.1974.Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media[J].Geophysics,39(5):587-606,doi:10.1190/1.1440450.
Lee M W.2006.A simple method of predicting S-wave velocity[J].Geophysics,71(6):F161-F164,doi:10.1190/1.2357833.
Li W X,Shi G,Wang H,et al.2007.The study on the relationships of elastic properties of rock physics[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(5):1380-1385,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.05.007.
Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.2009.The rock physics handbook:Tools for seismic analysis of porous media[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Nie J X,Yang D H,Ba J.2010.Velocity dispersion and attenuation of waves in low-porosity-permeability anisotropic viscoelastic media with clay[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53(2):385-392,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.02.016.
Nur A.1992.Critical porosity and the seismic velocities in rocks[J].EOS,Tram.Arm.Geophys.Union,73:43-66.
Pride S R,Berryman J G,Harris J M.2004.Seismic attenuation due to wave-induced flow[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth(1978-2012),109(B1):B01201,doi:10.1029/2003JB002639.
Ruiz F,Cheng A.2010.A rock physics model for tight gas sand[J].The Leading Edge,29(12):1484-1489,doi:10.1190/1.3525364.
Ruiz F,Azizov I.2011.Fluid substitution in tight shale using the soft-porosity model[C],//SEG Annual Meeting.
Smith T M,Sayers C M,Sondergeld C H.2009.Rock properties in low-porosity/low-permeability sandstones[J].The Leading Edge,28(1):48-59,doi:10.1190/1.3064146.
Tang X M,Qian Y P,Chen X L.2013.Laboratory study of elastic wave theory for a cracked porous medium using ultrasonic velocity data of rock samples[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(12):4226-4233,doi:10.6038/cjg20131225.
Wang Z J.2001.Fundamentals of seismic rock physics[J].Geophysics,66(2):398-412,doi:10.1190/1.1444931.
Xu S Y,White R E.1995.A new velocity model for clay-sand mixtu res[J].Geophysical prospecting,43(1):91-118,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.1995.tb00126.x.
Xu S Y,White R E.1996.A physical model for shear-wave velocity prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting,44(4):687-717,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.1996.tb00170.x.
Zhang G Z,Li C C,Yin X Y,et al.2012.A shear velocity estimation method for carbonate rocks based on the improved Xu-White model[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),47(5):717-722.
Zhang G Z,Chen H Z,Wang Q,et al.2013.Estimation of S-wave velocity and anisotropic parameters using fractured carbonate rock physics model[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(5):1707-1715,doi:10.6038/cjg20130528.
Zhang J J,Li H B,Yao F C.2012.Rock critical porosity inversion and S-wave velocity prediction[J].Applied Geophysics,9(1):57-64,doi:10.1007/s11770-012-0314-8.
巴晶,晏信飞,陈志勇,等.2013.非均质天然气藏的岩石物理模型及含气饱和度反演[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1696-1706,doi:10.6038/cjg20130527.
白俊雨,宋志翔,苏凌,等.2012.基于xu_white模型横波速度预测的误差分析[J].地球物理学报,55(2):589-595,doi:10.6038/j.issm 0001-5733.2012.02.021.
陈怀震,印兴耀,高成国,等.2014.基于各向异性岩石物理的缝隙流体因子AVAZ反演[J].地球物理学报,57(3):968-978,doi:10.6038/cjg20140326.
陈颙,黄庭芳,刘恩儒.2009.岩石物理学[M].北京:中国科学技术大学出版社.
董宁,霍志周,孙赞东,等.2014.泥页岩岩石物理建模研究[J].地球物理学报,57(6):1990-1998,doi:10.6038/cjg20140629.
郭继亮,牛滨华,孙春岩,等.2012.基于临界孔隙度模型的地震波传播[J].地球物理学报,55(11):3813-3820,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.028.
李维新,史謌,王红,等.2007.岩石物理弹性参数规律研究[J].地球物理学进展,22(5):1380-1385,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.05.007.
聂建新,杨顶辉,巴晶.2010.含泥质低孔渗各向异性黏弹性介质中的波频散和衰减研究[J].地球物理学报,53(2):385-392,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.02.016.
唐晓明,钱玉萍,陈雪莲.2013.孔隙、裂隙介质弹性波理论的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,56(12):4226-4233,doi:10.6038/cjg20131225.
张广智,李呈呈,印兴耀,等.2012.基于修正Xu-white模型的碳酸盐岩横波速度估算方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,47(5):717-722.
张广智,陈怀震,王琪,等.2013.基于碳酸盐岩裂缝岩石物理模型的横波速度和各向异性参数预测[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1707-1715,doi:10.6038/cjg20130528.
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