传统方法加固馆藏浮放文物抗震性能试验
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摘要
为探索馆藏浮放文物的有效抗震加固方法,采用振动台试验手段,研究了传统方法加固浮放文物的抗震性能。基于故宫博物院某展柜原型尺寸,制作了1:1比例陈列柜模型。在陈列柜内浮放一轻质陶瓷文物,分别考虑采用砂子、塑料卡、鱼线、橡皮泥及磁铁加固文物,进行了振动台试验。通过白噪声激励,获得了陈列柜基频分布;通过输入不同强度、不同类型的地震波,获得了不同方法加固条件下陈列柜和文物的位移响应、加速度响应和和动力放大系数,评价了不同方法的加固效果。结果表明:陈列柜的基频与输入地震波相差较大,这是陈列柜震害不明显的主要原因之一;传统方法加固文物后,输入地震波的加速度仍有一定放大,但是与加固前文物相比,文物的位移和加速度响应均有所减小,且文物因摇晃幅度而产生倾覆的可能性减小。此外,从减小文物加速度响应峰值角度考虑,橡皮泥和鱼线加固文物效果优于其它方法。试验结果可为文物防震保护研究提供较全面的参考。
To find effective supporting methods for free-standing cultural relics in museums,the aseismic behavior of a cultural relic supported by traditional methods was studied by shaking table tests. Based on the actual size of a showcase in the Palace Museum,a 1: 1 scale model was built. A light ceramic cultural relic was put in the showcase by free-standing mode. Five traditional methods were considered for supporting the relic: decreasing the center of mass of the relic using sand,plastic fastener support,tying with nylon lines,application of plasticene and magnetic attraction. Shaking table tests were then carried out to validate the various supporting effects. Using white noise excitation,the basic frequency of the showcase was obtained; by inputting earthquake waves of different type and intensity,seismic responses of both the showcase and he relic were studied. The aseismic results using these five traditional methods are discussed. The experiments show that prominent frequency ingredients of the showcase are far greater than those of the input earthquake waves,which is the main reason why the showcase is not damaged seriously. The experiments also show that although acceleration of input earthquake waves are still focused on the relic after it is supported by any of the five methods,the peak acceleration and displacement values decrease,and the probability of the relic being overturned due to over large oscillation decreases greatly. In addition,nylon line tying and plasticene methods are best so far as far as mitigation of the acceleration response value is concerned.
To find effective supporting methods for free-standing cultural relics in museums,the aseismic behavior of a cultural relic supported by traditional methods was studied by shaking table tests. Based on the actual size of a showcase in the Palace Museum,a 1: 1 scale model was built. A light ceramic cultural relic was put in the showcase by free-standing mode. Five traditional methods were considered for supporting the relic: decreasing the center of mass of the relic using sand,plastic fastener support,tying with nylon lines,application of plasticene and magnetic attraction. Shaking table tests were then carried out to validate the various supporting effects. Using white noise excitation,the basic frequency of the showcase was obtained; by inputting earthquake waves of different type and intensity,seismic responses of both the showcase and he relic were studied. The aseismic results using these five traditional methods are discussed. The experiments show that prominent frequency ingredients of the showcase are far greater than those of the input earthquake waves,which is the main reason why the showcase is not damaged seriously. The experiments also show that although acceleration of input earthquake waves are still focused on the relic after it is supported by any of the five methods,the peak acceleration and displacement values decrease,and the probability of the relic being overturned due to over large oscillation decreases greatly. In addition,nylon line tying and plasticene methods are best so far as far as mitigation of the acceleration response value is concerned.
引文
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[13]Harry W S,Nicholas P J.Base excitation of rigid bodies.I:formulation[J].J Eng Mech,1991,117(10):2286-2306.
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[16]谢德毅,孙祖康,左成林,等.石油化工精密仪器抗震鉴定标准(SH/T 3044-2004)[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.XIE De-yi,SUN Zu-kang,ZUO Cheng-lin,et al.Standard of aseismic evaluation for precision instrument in petrochemical industry[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006.
[17]大塚将,早川邦夫,中江晃彦,等.曲線レールシステムを用いた免震装置の開発(その1)[C]∥日本建築学会:日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集,近畿,日本,1996:757-758.
[18]藤田聡,森川裕一,下田郁夫,等.球面すべり支承用いた機器免震装置に関する研究[C]∥日本機械学会論文集(C編),59巻557号,1993:11-16.
[19]浅田ます美,昇高淳,寺村彰,等.小型免震展示台の開発(その1:磁石の反発力を利用した衝撃防止装置)[C]∥日本建築学会:日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集,中国,日本,1999:815-816.
[2]Zhou Q,Yan W M.Sliding response of free-standing cultural relics under earthquakes by simulation[J].Adv Mat Res,2011,163-167:2142-2146.
[3]Spyrakos C C,Maniatakis C A,Taflampas I M.Assessment of seismicrisk for museum artifacts[C]∥Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Beijing,2008.(CD-ROM)
[4]Erdik M,Durukal E,Erturk N,et al.Earthquake risk mitigation in Istanbul museums[J].Nat Hazards,2010,53:97-108.
[5]Lowry M,Farrar B J,Armendariz D,et al.Protecting collections in the J.Paul Getty Museum from earthquake damage[J].WAAC Newsletter,2007,29(3):16-23.
[6]Roussis P C,Pavlou E A,Pisiara E C.Base-isolation technology for earthquake protection of art objects[C]∥Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Beijing,2008.(CDROM)
[7]Theresa N,Ghyslaine M.Shake table testing of museum display cases[J].Canadian J Civil Eng,2008,35:1353-1364.
[8]Wakabayashi N,Ohmata K,Masuda T,et al.Vertical seismic isolation system using V-shaped link mechanism[J].J Japan Soc Mech Eng,2009,75:26-32.
[9]周乾,闫维明,周锡元,等.我国博物馆陈列文物防震技术现状研究[J].灾害学,2010,25(增刊):21-26.ZHOU Qian,YAN Wei-ming,ZHOU Xi-yuan,et al.Present status of aseismic techniques for domestic museum cultural relics[J].J Catastrophol,2010,25(Suppl):21-26.
[10]钮泽蓁.陈列文物抗震措施实验研究[J].工程抗震,1992,(2):27-31.NIU Ze-zhen.Experimental study on aseismic measures of display cultural relics[J].Earthquake Resist Eng,1992,(2):27-31.
[11]吴来明,王忠良,高华平,等.博物馆文物的防震保护研究(一):传统抗震措施与现代隔震技术[J].文物保护与考古科学,2001,13(2):46-52.WU Lai-ming,WANG Zhong-liang,GAO Hua-ping,et al.Research on protection from earthquake of cultural relics in museum(1):traditional anti-shock methods and modern isolating techniques[J].Sci Conserv Archeol,2001,13(2):46-52.
[12]郑蕙娟.文物防震措施研究初探[J].文物保护与考古科学,2007,19(2):26-33.ZHENG Hui-juan.Investigation of precaution measures against earthquake for antiques[J].Sci Conserv Archeol,2007,19(2):26-33.
[13]Harry W S,Nicholas P J.Base excitation of rigid bodies.I:formulation[J].J Eng Mech,1991,117(10):2286-2306.
[14]Harry W S.Criteria for initiation of slide,rock,and slide-rock rigid-body modes[J].J Eng Mech,1996,122(7):690-693.
[15]常用材料摩擦系数[EB/OL].[2014-3-10].http:∥www.chinabaike.com/z/jichuang/497996.html.
[16]谢德毅,孙祖康,左成林,等.石油化工精密仪器抗震鉴定标准(SH/T 3044-2004)[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.XIE De-yi,SUN Zu-kang,ZUO Cheng-lin,et al.Standard of aseismic evaluation for precision instrument in petrochemical industry[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006.
[17]大塚将,早川邦夫,中江晃彦,等.曲線レールシステムを用いた免震装置の開発(その1)[C]∥日本建築学会:日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集,近畿,日本,1996:757-758.
[18]藤田聡,森川裕一,下田郁夫,等.球面すべり支承用いた機器免震装置に関する研究[C]∥日本機械学会論文集(C編),59巻557号,1993:11-16.
[19]浅田ます美,昇高淳,寺村彰,等.小型免震展示台の開発(その1:磁石の反発力を利用した衝撃防止装置)[C]∥日本建築学会:日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集,中国,日本,1999:815-816.
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