2010年智利M_S8.8级地震前可能的潜热通量异常及其与地表温度变化的关系
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摘要
本文研究了2010年2月27日智利8.8级地震前后地球表面潜热通量的时空演化过程,并分析了可能的潜热通量异常及其与地表温度变化的关系.结果表明:(1)此次地震及其强余震前出现了三次明显的潜热通量异常,第一次潜热通量异常出现于主震1个月前,主要分布在震中及其东南陆区,第二次潜热通量异常出现在主震前7天,异常区分布在震中西南的海域,呈北西向分布,指向俯冲带,第三次潜热通量异常出现在强余震前,异常区分布在震中西南的海域及北段俯冲带上;(2)相似于2004年印度尼西亚地震海啸前潜热通量的异常演化特征,潜热通量异常从弧后向俯冲带迁移,此次地震前的潜热通量异常首先出现在弧后火山活动强烈地区,然后迁移到海域俯冲带附近,可能反映了临震前的构造变形过程;(3)当陆区出现潜热通量异常时,同时也可见地表温度异常,但在海域出现潜热通量异常时,却未发现有地表温度异常,这可能是由于海域水的热容量较大,不易出现红外温度异常所致.
The temporal and spatial variations of surface latent heat flux (SLHF) before and after the M_s8.8 earthquake occurred off the coast of the Maule Region of Chile on 27 February 2010 are summarized and the relationship between the SLHF anomaly and the variation of surface temperature is discussed also.The analysis results show: (1) Three stages of significant SLHF anomalies can be observed before the main earthquake and its aftershocks,the first one occurred one month before the mainshock in the epicentral area and its southeast land area,the second one which distributed northwest towards to the subduction zone occurred one week before the mainshock in the sea of southwest of the epicenter and the third one occurred one week before the aftershocks on 15 March 2010 in the sea of southwest of the epicenter and the northern part of the subduction zone.(2) The anomalies appeared firstly in the back-arc region where the volcanic activities were very intense in recent decades,and then propagated to subduction zone and adjacent sea area,that might be the result of the crust deformation of the subduction zone prior to the earthquake.(3) Surface temperature anomalies were found when the SLHF anomaly occurred on the land region.However,there are not any surface temperature anomalies could be mentioned when the SLHF anomaly occurred on the sea,which might be due to high heat capacity of water slowing down the temperature increase.
The temporal and spatial variations of surface latent heat flux (SLHF) before and after the M_s8.8 earthquake occurred off the coast of the Maule Region of Chile on 27 February 2010 are summarized and the relationship between the SLHF anomaly and the variation of surface temperature is discussed also.The analysis results show: (1) Three stages of significant SLHF anomalies can be observed before the main earthquake and its aftershocks,the first one occurred one month before the mainshock in the epicentral area and its southeast land area,the second one which distributed northwest towards to the subduction zone occurred one week before the mainshock in the sea of southwest of the epicenter and the third one occurred one week before the aftershocks on 15 March 2010 in the sea of southwest of the epicenter and the northern part of the subduction zone.(2) The anomalies appeared firstly in the back-arc region where the volcanic activities were very intense in recent decades,and then propagated to subduction zone and adjacent sea area,that might be the result of the crust deformation of the subduction zone prior to the earthquake.(3) Surface temperature anomalies were found when the SLHF anomaly occurred on the land region.However,there are not any surface temperature anomalies could be mentioned when the SLHF anomaly occurred on the sea,which might be due to high heat capacity of water slowing down the temperature increase.
引文
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[9] 郭晓,张元生,钟美娇等.提取地震热异常信息的功率谱相对变化法及震例分析.地球物理学报,2010,53(11) :2688～2695 Guo X, Zhang Y S, Zhong M J, et al. Variation characteristics of OLR for the Wenchuan earthquake. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2010, 53(11) : 2688-2695
[10] 陈顺云,刘培洵,刘力强等.地表热红外辐射的小波分析及其在现今构造活动研究中的意义.地球物理学报,2006,49(3) :824～830 Chen S Y, Liu P X, Liu L Q, et al. Wavelet analysis of thermal infrared radiation of land surface and its implementation in the study of current tectonic activities. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49(3) : 824-830
[11] Singh R, Simon B, Joshi P C. Estimation of surface latent heat fluxes from IRSP4/MSMR satellite data. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Earth Planet Sci.), 2001, 110(3) : 231-238
[12] Dey S, Singh R P. Surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2003, (3) : 749-755
[13] 陈梅花,邓志辉,杨竹转等.2004年印度尼西亚9级大地震前的潜热通量异常.科学通报,2006,51(1) :118～120 Chen M H, Deng Z H, Yang Z H, et al. Surface latent heat flux anomalies prior to the Indonesia M_w9． 0 Earthquake of 2004． Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 2006, 51(8) :1010-1013
[14] 陈梅花,邓志辉,王煜等.2005年九江5． 7级地震前后地表热动态初步研究.地震地质,2007,29(3) :617～626 Chen M H, Deng Z H, Wang Y, et al. Primary study on the variation of surface thermal flux before and after the M_s 5． 7 Earthquake of 2005 in Jiujiang, Jiangxi. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2007, 29(3) : 617-626
[15] 严研,邓志辉,陈梅花等.基于双温度差分双源模型的遥感方法反演四川汶川地区的潜热通量.地震地质,2008,30(4) :1085～1094 Yan Y, Deng Z H, Chen M H, et al. Retrieving the latent heat flux of Wenchuan area of Sichuan province using a dual temperature-difference method. Seismology and Geology, 2008, 30(4) : 1085-1094
[16] Kistler R, Kalnay E, Collins W, et al. The NCEP/NCAR 50-year reanalysis. 2000
[2] Astiz L, Kanamori H. Interplate coupling and temporal variation of mechanisms of intermediate-depth earthquakes in Chile. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America ,1986, 76(6) : 1614-1622
[3] ГОРЪЙ И. Earth thermo-infrared radiation-indicator of seismic activity. Xu X D translate. Translated Works of Seismology and Geology , 1990, 12(2) : 38-39
[4] 黄广思.地温遥感预报地震的原理和方法.地壳形变与地震,1993,13(1) :23～28 Huang G S. Principle and methods of earthquake prediction by temperature remotely sensed. Crustal Deformation and Earthquake (in Chinese), 1993, 13(1) : 23-28
[5] 强祖基,徐秀登,赁常恭.卫星热红外异常-临震前兆.科学通报,1990,35(17) :1324～1327 Qiang Z J, Xu X D, Lin C G. Satellite infrared thermoanomaly. Earthquake imminent precursor. Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 1990, 35(17) : 1324-1327
[6] 刘德富,罗灼礼,彭克银.强烈地震前的OLR异常现象.地震,1997,17(2) :126～132 Liu D F, Lou Z L, Peng K Y. OLR anomalous phenomena before strong earthquakes. Earthquake (in Chinese), 1997,17(2) : 126-132
[7] 邓志辉,陈梅花,王煜等.地震前卫星红外异常特征分析.地球学报,2003,24(增刊):323～328 Deng Z H, Chen M H, Wang Y, et al. A study of the satellite infrared anomaly before earthquake. Acta Geoscientia Sinica (in Chinese), 2003, 24(Suppl. ): 323-328
[8] 陈梅花,邓志辉,贾庆华.地震前卫星红外异常与发震断裂的关系研究--以2001年昆仑山8． 1级地震为例.地震地质,2003,25(1) :100～108 Chen M H, Deng Z H, Jia Q H. The relationship between the satellite infrared anomalies before earthquake and the seismogenic fault-A case study on the 2001 Kunlun earthquake. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2003, 25(1) : 100-108
[9] 郭晓,张元生,钟美娇等.提取地震热异常信息的功率谱相对变化法及震例分析.地球物理学报,2010,53(11) :2688～2695 Guo X, Zhang Y S, Zhong M J, et al. Variation characteristics of OLR for the Wenchuan earthquake. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2010, 53(11) : 2688-2695
[10] 陈顺云,刘培洵,刘力强等.地表热红外辐射的小波分析及其在现今构造活动研究中的意义.地球物理学报,2006,49(3) :824～830 Chen S Y, Liu P X, Liu L Q, et al. Wavelet analysis of thermal infrared radiation of land surface and its implementation in the study of current tectonic activities. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2006, 49(3) : 824-830
[11] Singh R, Simon B, Joshi P C. Estimation of surface latent heat fluxes from IRSP4/MSMR satellite data. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Earth Planet Sci.), 2001, 110(3) : 231-238
[12] Dey S, Singh R P. Surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2003, (3) : 749-755
[13] 陈梅花,邓志辉,杨竹转等.2004年印度尼西亚9级大地震前的潜热通量异常.科学通报,2006,51(1) :118～120 Chen M H, Deng Z H, Yang Z H, et al. Surface latent heat flux anomalies prior to the Indonesia M_w9． 0 Earthquake of 2004． Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 2006, 51(8) :1010-1013
[14] 陈梅花,邓志辉,王煜等.2005年九江5． 7级地震前后地表热动态初步研究.地震地质,2007,29(3) :617～626 Chen M H, Deng Z H, Wang Y, et al. Primary study on the variation of surface thermal flux before and after the M_s 5． 7 Earthquake of 2005 in Jiujiang, Jiangxi. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2007, 29(3) : 617-626
[15] 严研,邓志辉,陈梅花等.基于双温度差分双源模型的遥感方法反演四川汶川地区的潜热通量.地震地质,2008,30(4) :1085～1094 Yan Y, Deng Z H, Chen M H, et al. Retrieving the latent heat flux of Wenchuan area of Sichuan province using a dual temperature-difference method. Seismology and Geology, 2008, 30(4) : 1085-1094
[16] Kistler R, Kalnay E, Collins W, et al. The NCEP/NCAR 50-year reanalysis. 2000
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