非重复性时移地震数据关键处理技术应用研究
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摘要
由于两期地震数据采集目的不同、采集方式不同,造成两期地震资料的振幅能量、时间、频率和相位等方面存在很强的不一致性,从而加大了时移地震资料处理的难度。为此,本文首先分析两期资料非重复性的影响因素,并从面元大小、反射中心点位置、覆盖次数、方位角、信噪比等几个方面进行了数据体匹配,得到了一致性较好的初始地震数据。然后采用叠前共约束一致性处理方法,包括共约束一致性频率、相位、速度、剩余静校正等,提高两期资料的整体一致性。最后使用叠后互均化处理方法进一步改善两期资料的一致性,可以消除两期资料在时间、振幅、频率、相位等方面的不一致性,得到较好的时移地震处理成果。通过实际常规地震数据和高密度地震数据非重复时移地震资料处理,求出了油藏变化引起的时移地震响应,为后续解释和剩余油分析奠定了基础。
Due to different purposes and manners of non-repeated time-lapse seismic acquisition,there is great inconsistency in energy,time,frequency and phase between two seismic datasets acquired at different time,which makes it much more difficult for seismic processing and analysis.In this paper,we firstly analyze the factors of non-repeatability and their influence,match bin size,position of CMP,fold number,azimuth and SNR of the two datasets,and obtain initial seismic data with enhanced consistency.Then we use pre-stack processing method,including consistent frequency correction,consistent phase correction,consistent velocity processing,consistent residual static correction,et.al,to improve the overall consistency of the two seismic datasets.Next we apply post-stack cross-equalization processing to further improve the consistency of data,which can greatly eliminate the inconsistency in time,amplitude,frequency and phase of two datasets,and improve the quality of time-lapse seismic processing results.Finally,using the above processing technologies to real non-repeated time-lapse seismic processing with conventional seismic data and high precision seismic data from an oilfield in eastern China,we obtain the actual time-lapse seismic responses caused by the changes of reservoir feature,which facilite the subsequent interpretation and analysis.
Due to different purposes and manners of non-repeated time-lapse seismic acquisition,there is great inconsistency in energy,time,frequency and phase between two seismic datasets acquired at different time,which makes it much more difficult for seismic processing and analysis.In this paper,we firstly analyze the factors of non-repeatability and their influence,match bin size,position of CMP,fold number,azimuth and SNR of the two datasets,and obtain initial seismic data with enhanced consistency.Then we use pre-stack processing method,including consistent frequency correction,consistent phase correction,consistent velocity processing,consistent residual static correction,et.al,to improve the overall consistency of the two seismic datasets.Next we apply post-stack cross-equalization processing to further improve the consistency of data,which can greatly eliminate the inconsistency in time,amplitude,frequency and phase of two datasets,and improve the quality of time-lapse seismic processing results.Finally,using the above processing technologies to real non-repeated time-lapse seismic processing with conventional seismic data and high precision seismic data from an oilfield in eastern China,we obtain the actual time-lapse seismic responses caused by the changes of reservoir feature,which facilite the subsequent interpretation and analysis.
引文
[1]易维启,李明,云美厚等.时移地震方法概论.北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[2]金龙,陈小宏.时移地震非一致性影响研究与互均衡效果验证.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):45~48Jin Long,Chen Xiao-hong.Effects of time-lapse seis-mic non-repeatability and verification of cross-equali-zation processing.Progress in Exploration Geophys-ics,2003,26(1):45~48
[3]Ross C P,Cunningham G B,Weber D P.Inside thecross-equalization black box.The Leading Edge,1996,15(11):1233~1240
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[5]James Rickett et al.Cross-equalization data process-ing for time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring:A casestudy from the Gulf of Mexico.Geophysics,2001,66(4):1015~1025
[6]陈小宏.四维地震数据的归一化方法及实例处理.石油学报,1999,20(6):22~26Chen Xiao-hong.Normalization for four-dimensionalseismic data and its application to real data.Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,1999,20(6):22~26
[7]邓怀群,刘雯林,杨春梅等.时间推移地震勘探中的互均化技术.天然气工业,2000,20(1):20~23Deng Huai-qun,Liu Wen-lin,Yang Chun-mei et al.Cross equalization technology in time lapse seismicexploration.Natural Gas Industry,2000,20(1):20~23
[8]Druzhinin A and MacBeth C.Robust cross-equaliza-tion of 4D-4C PZ migrated data at Teal South.SEGInt’l Exposition and Annual Meeting,2001,9~14
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[10]凌云,高军,张汝杰,王丹.随时间推移(TL)地震勘探处理方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(2):173~179Ling Yun,Gao Jun,Zhang Ru-jie and Wang Dan.Processing method study for time-lapse seismic explo-ration.OGP,2001,36(2):173~179
[11]田春志,陈小宏,张国才等.时间推移地震数据体匹配研究及分析.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):635~639Tian Chun-zhi,Chen Xiao-hong,Zhang Guo-cai etal.Matching study on time-lapse seismic data volumeand its analyses.OGP,2002,37(6):635~639
[12]云美厚,张国才,付雷等.重复性噪声对实施四维地震监测的影响.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):13~18Yun Mei-hou,Zhang Guo-cai,Fu Lei et al.Effects ofrepeatability noises on 4-D seismic monitoring.Pro-gress in Exploration Geophysics,2003,26(1):13~18
[13]金龙,陈小宏,李景叶.基于误差准则和循环迭代的时移地震匹配滤波方法.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):698~703Jin Long,Chen Xiao-hong,Li Jing-ye.A new meth-od for time-lapse seismic matching filter based on er-ror criteria and cyclic iteration.Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2005,48(3):698~703
[14]金龙,陈小宏.时移地震互均衡法混合因素处理技术.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(4):400~406Jin Long,Chen Xiao-hong.Processing technique ofmix factor in time-lapse seismic cross-equalizationmethod.OGP,2005,40(4):400~406
[15]金龙,陈小宏,刘其成.基于奇异值分解的时移地震互均衡方法.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):294~297Jin Long,Chen Xiao-hong,Liu Qi-cheng.Newmethod for time-lapse seismic matching based onSVD.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(2):294~297
[16]金龙,陈小宏,刘其成.相关参数时移地震互均衡质量监控方法.天然气工业,2005,25(11):33~35Jin Long,Chen Xiao-hong,Liu Qi-cheng.Qualitycontrol method of time-lapse seismic cross-equaliza-tion processing with correlation parameters.NaturalGas Industry,2005,25(11):33~35
[17]甘利灯,姚逢昌,邹才能等.水驱四维地震技术——叠后互均化处理.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):54~60Gan Li-deng,Yao Feng-chang,Zou Cai-neng et al.4-D seismic in water flooding reservoirs:Post-stackcross-equalization processing.Progress in Explora-tion Geophysics,2003,26(1):54~60
[18]甘利灯,姚逢昌,杜文辉等.水驱油藏四维地震技术.石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):437~444Gan Li-deng,Yao Feng-chang,Du Wen-hui.4D seis-mic technology for water flooding reservoirs.Petro-leum Exploration and Development,2007,34(4):437~444
[19]胡英,刘宇,甘利灯等.水驱四维地震技术——叠前互均化处理.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):49~53Hu Ying,Liu Yu,Gan Li-deng et al.4-D seismic inwater flooding reservoirs:Pre-stack cross equaliga-tion.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2003,26(1):49~53
[20]吕小伟,陈小宏,刁顺.时移地震中面元重置的方法及实现.勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(3):177~181LǔXiao-wei,Chen Xiao-hong,Diao Shun.An ap-proach to time-lapse seismic rebinning and its realiza-tion.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(3):177~181
[21]丁伟.互均衡处理技术的分析与应用.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):17~23Ding Wei.Analysis and application of cross-equaliza-tion processing technique.OGP,2007,42(1):17~23
[2]金龙,陈小宏.时移地震非一致性影响研究与互均衡效果验证.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):45~48Jin Long,Chen Xiao-hong.Effects of time-lapse seis-mic non-repeatability and verification of cross-equali-zation processing.Progress in Exploration Geophys-ics,2003,26(1):45~48
[3]Ross C P,Cunningham G B,Weber D P.Inside thecross-equalization black box.The Leading Edge,1996,15(11):1233~1240
[4]James Rickett et al.Cross-equalization processingflow for off-the-shelf 4-D seismic data.SEG Techni-cal Program Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:16~19
[5]James Rickett et al.Cross-equalization data process-ing for time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring:A casestudy from the Gulf of Mexico.Geophysics,2001,66(4):1015~1025
[6]陈小宏.四维地震数据的归一化方法及实例处理.石油学报,1999,20(6):22~26Chen Xiao-hong.Normalization for four-dimensionalseismic data and its application to real data.Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,1999,20(6):22~26
[7]邓怀群,刘雯林,杨春梅等.时间推移地震勘探中的互均化技术.天然气工业,2000,20(1):20~23Deng Huai-qun,Liu Wen-lin,Yang Chun-mei et al.Cross equalization technology in time lapse seismicexploration.Natural Gas Industry,2000,20(1):20~23
[8]Druzhinin A and MacBeth C.Robust cross-equaliza-tion of 4D-4C PZ migrated data at Teal South.SEGInt’l Exposition and Annual Meeting,2001,9~14
[9]凌云,黄旭日,高军等.非重复性采集随时间推移地震勘探实例研究.石油物探,2007,46(3):231~248Ling Yun,Huang Xu-ri,Gao Jun et al.Case study ofnon-repeatability acquisition in time-lapse seismic ex-ploration.GPP,2007,46(3):231~248
[10]凌云,高军,张汝杰,王丹.随时间推移(TL)地震勘探处理方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(2):173~179Ling Yun,Gao Jun,Zhang Ru-jie and Wang Dan.Processing method study for time-lapse seismic explo-ration.OGP,2001,36(2):173~179
[11]田春志,陈小宏,张国才等.时间推移地震数据体匹配研究及分析.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):635~639Tian Chun-zhi,Chen Xiao-hong,Zhang Guo-cai etal.Matching study on time-lapse seismic data volumeand its analyses.OGP,2002,37(6):635~639
[12]云美厚,张国才,付雷等.重复性噪声对实施四维地震监测的影响.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):13~18Yun Mei-hou,Zhang Guo-cai,Fu Lei et al.Effects ofrepeatability noises on 4-D seismic monitoring.Pro-gress in Exploration Geophysics,2003,26(1):13~18
[13]金龙,陈小宏,李景叶.基于误差准则和循环迭代的时移地震匹配滤波方法.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):698~703Jin Long,Chen Xiao-hong,Li Jing-ye.A new meth-od for time-lapse seismic matching filter based on er-ror criteria and cyclic iteration.Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2005,48(3):698~703
[14]金龙,陈小宏.时移地震互均衡法混合因素处理技术.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(4):400~406Jin Long,Chen Xiao-hong.Processing technique ofmix factor in time-lapse seismic cross-equalizationmethod.OGP,2005,40(4):400~406
[15]金龙,陈小宏,刘其成.基于奇异值分解的时移地震互均衡方法.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):294~297Jin Long,Chen Xiao-hong,Liu Qi-cheng.Newmethod for time-lapse seismic matching based onSVD.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(2):294~297
[16]金龙,陈小宏,刘其成.相关参数时移地震互均衡质量监控方法.天然气工业,2005,25(11):33~35Jin Long,Chen Xiao-hong,Liu Qi-cheng.Qualitycontrol method of time-lapse seismic cross-equaliza-tion processing with correlation parameters.NaturalGas Industry,2005,25(11):33~35
[17]甘利灯,姚逢昌,邹才能等.水驱四维地震技术——叠后互均化处理.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):54~60Gan Li-deng,Yao Feng-chang,Zou Cai-neng et al.4-D seismic in water flooding reservoirs:Post-stackcross-equalization processing.Progress in Explora-tion Geophysics,2003,26(1):54~60
[18]甘利灯,姚逢昌,杜文辉等.水驱油藏四维地震技术.石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):437~444Gan Li-deng,Yao Feng-chang,Du Wen-hui.4D seis-mic technology for water flooding reservoirs.Petro-leum Exploration and Development,2007,34(4):437~444
[19]胡英,刘宇,甘利灯等.水驱四维地震技术——叠前互均化处理.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):49~53Hu Ying,Liu Yu,Gan Li-deng et al.4-D seismic inwater flooding reservoirs:Pre-stack cross equaliga-tion.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2003,26(1):49~53
[20]吕小伟,陈小宏,刁顺.时移地震中面元重置的方法及实现.勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(3):177~181LǔXiao-wei,Chen Xiao-hong,Diao Shun.An ap-proach to time-lapse seismic rebinning and its realiza-tion.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(3):177~181
[21]丁伟.互均衡处理技术的分析与应用.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):17~23Ding Wei.Analysis and application of cross-equaliza-tion processing technique.OGP,2007,42(1):17~23
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