浅层人工地震P波和S波资料揭示的郑州老鸦陈断层特征
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摘要
断层活动性的探测研究是城市防震减灾的基础性工作。为了查明郑州老鸦陈断层的位置、性质及其活动性,2006年底跨老鸦陈断层进行了高分辨率的浅层地震P波和S波探测,通过采用不同的地震波激发源、不同的观测系统参数相结合的工作方法,获得了沿剖面不同深度的地下细结构图像,揭示了老鸦陈断层的形态和特征。结果表明,老鸦陈断层为一条倾向NE、走向NW的正断层,该断层错断了新近系(N)以前的地层,在Q+N地层内部没有发现断层引起的地层错断现象。
The investigation and study of fault activities are a basic work for urban earthquake prevention and disasters reduction.In order to find out the location,characteristics and activities of the Laoyachen Fault in Zhengzhou,the high-resolution shallow seismic P and S wave survey profiling across the Laoyachen Fault was carried out at the end of 2006,and different seismic sources along with combinations of diverse observation geometries with different parameters were used.The fine structures in different depths beneath the profile were obtained and the patterns as well as characteristics of the Laoyachen Fault were determined.The results show that the Laoyachen Fault,running in NW and dipping in NE,is a normal fault and its dip angle is about 60°～70°,which incises strata of Eocene,Permian,Carboniferous or Ordovician epoch and goes up to the top boundary of Eocene stratum at the 800～850m depth.There is no any reflector of offset stratum found in Q+N strata.The borehole geological sections across steep slopes of earth surface present that the layers inferred from reflected seismic wave groups of shallow seismic profile are well correspondent with boring geological layers.The borehole results reveal that the three reference laminas,i.e.the boundary between Malan loess and silt with clay soil at about 21m in depth,the calcareous gravel clay layer of 53.9m deep,and the calcareous silt layer of 61.9m deep,all have not depth variations at the two sides of surface steep slopes and are situated almost at the same ground surface elevations,which suggests that the steep slopes at the earth's surface should not result from the activities of Laoyachen Fault.In this study,through shallow seismic P wave and S wave exploration as well as combination of joint borehole geological sections,not only the location and characteristics of Laoyachen Fault was determined,but the geological and seismological evidences for the fault activity estimations were provided.
The investigation and study of fault activities are a basic work for urban earthquake prevention and disasters reduction.In order to find out the location,characteristics and activities of the Laoyachen Fault in Zhengzhou,the high-resolution shallow seismic P and S wave survey profiling across the Laoyachen Fault was carried out at the end of 2006,and different seismic sources along with combinations of diverse observation geometries with different parameters were used.The fine structures in different depths beneath the profile were obtained and the patterns as well as characteristics of the Laoyachen Fault were determined.The results show that the Laoyachen Fault,running in NW and dipping in NE,is a normal fault and its dip angle is about 60°～70°,which incises strata of Eocene,Permian,Carboniferous or Ordovician epoch and goes up to the top boundary of Eocene stratum at the 800～850m depth.There is no any reflector of offset stratum found in Q+N strata.The borehole geological sections across steep slopes of earth surface present that the layers inferred from reflected seismic wave groups of shallow seismic profile are well correspondent with boring geological layers.The borehole results reveal that the three reference laminas,i.e.the boundary between Malan loess and silt with clay soil at about 21m in depth,the calcareous gravel clay layer of 53.9m deep,and the calcareous silt layer of 61.9m deep,all have not depth variations at the two sides of surface steep slopes and are situated almost at the same ground surface elevations,which suggests that the steep slopes at the earth's surface should not result from the activities of Laoyachen Fault.In this study,through shallow seismic P wave and S wave exploration as well as combination of joint borehole geological sections,not only the location and characteristics of Laoyachen Fault was determined,but the geological and seismological evidences for the fault activity estimations were provided.
引文
[1]河南省地震局,1989,郑州市地震小区划研究报告。
[2]郑州市地震局,1992,郑州市区老鸦陈隐伏断裂探测研究报告。
[3]郑州市地震局,2005,郑州市东区活断层探测与地震小区划研究报告。
[1]中国地震局地质研究所,2007,郑州老鸦陈断层活动性鉴定报告。
柴炽章,孟广魁,杜鹏,等.2006.隐伏活动断层的多层次综合探测:以银川隐伏活动断层为例[J].地震地质,28(4):536—545.CHAI Chi-zhang,MENG Guang-kui,DU Peng,et al.2006.Comprehensive multi-level exploration of buried activefault:an example of Yinchuan buried active fault[J].Seismology and Geological,28(4):536—545(in Chi-nese).
邓起东,徐锡伟,张先康,等.2003.城市活动断裂探测的方法和技术[J].地学前缘,10(1):93—103.DENG Qi-dong,XUXi-wei,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2003.Methods and techniques for surveying and prospecting ac-tive faults in urban areas[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(1):93—103(in Chinese).
顾梦林.1994.老鸦陈断层和地震勘探[J].东北地震研究,10(4):27—32.GU Meng-lin.1994.Laoyachen Fault and seismic prospecting[J].Seismological Research of Northeast China,10(4):27—32(in Chinese).
何政勤,陈宇坤,叶太兰,等.2007.浅层地震勘探在沿海地区隐伏断层探测中的应用[J].地震地质,29(2):363—371.HE Zheng-qin,CHEN Yu-kun,YE Tai-lan,et al.2007.Application of shallowseismic exploration in detection of bur-ied fault in coastal areas[J].Seismology and Geological,29(2):363—371(in Chinese).
刘保金,姬计法,徐朝繁,等.2006.共偏移距地震反射波法用于城市活断层探测[J].地震地质,28(3):411—418.LIU Bao-jin,JI Ji-fa,XUZhao-fan,et al.2006.Application of common offset seismic reflection method to urban activefault survey[J].Seismology and Geology,28(3):411—418(in Chinese).
刘保金,张先康,方盛明,等.2002.城市活断层探测的高分辨率浅层地震数据采集技术[J].地震地质,24(4):524—532.LIU Bao-jin,ZHANG Xian-kang,FANG Sheng-ming,et al.2002.High-resolution shallow seismic data acquisitiontechnique for surveying of urban active faults[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):524—532(in Chinese).
姚文斌.1992.郑州市地震小区划研究[M].北京:地震出版社.51—65.YAO Wen-bin.1992.Earthquake Regionalization Research of Zhengzhou[M].Seismological Press,Beijing.51—65(in Chinese).
潘纪顺,刘保金,朱金芳,等.2002.城市活断层高分辨率地震勘探震源对比试验研究[J].地震地质,24(4):533—541.PAN Ji-shun,LIU Bao-jin,ZHU Jin-fang,et al.2002.Comparative experiment on seismic sources in high-resolutionseismic exploration for urban active faults[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):533—541(in Chinese).
徐明才,高景华,刘建勋,等.2005.应用于城市活断层调查的地震方法技术[J].中国地震,21(1):17—23.XUMing-cai,GAO Jing-hua,LIUJian-xun,et al.2005.Application of the seismic method to detecting active faults inurban areas[J].Earthquake Research in China,21(1):17—23(in Chinese).
杨晓平,郑荣章,张兰凤,等.2007.浅层地震勘探资料地质解释过程中值得重视的问题[J].地震地质,29(2):281—293.YANG Xiao-ping,ZHENG Rong-zhang,ZHANG Lan-feng,et al.2007.Some problems worth considering in the geolog-ical explanation of shallow seismic prospecting data[J].Seismology and Geological,29(2):281—293(in Chi-nese).
赵成斌,李德庆,赵景尧,等.2007.郑州东区浅部断层的构造特征研究[J].中国地震,23(1):65—73.ZHAO Cheng-bin,LI De-qing,ZHAO Jing-yao,et al.2007.The characteristics of shallow fault in eastern Zhengzhoucity[J].Earthquake Research in China,23(1):65—73(in Chinese).
[2]郑州市地震局,1992,郑州市区老鸦陈隐伏断裂探测研究报告。
[3]郑州市地震局,2005,郑州市东区活断层探测与地震小区划研究报告。
[1]中国地震局地质研究所,2007,郑州老鸦陈断层活动性鉴定报告。
柴炽章,孟广魁,杜鹏,等.2006.隐伏活动断层的多层次综合探测:以银川隐伏活动断层为例[J].地震地质,28(4):536—545.CHAI Chi-zhang,MENG Guang-kui,DU Peng,et al.2006.Comprehensive multi-level exploration of buried activefault:an example of Yinchuan buried active fault[J].Seismology and Geological,28(4):536—545(in Chi-nese).
邓起东,徐锡伟,张先康,等.2003.城市活动断裂探测的方法和技术[J].地学前缘,10(1):93—103.DENG Qi-dong,XUXi-wei,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2003.Methods and techniques for surveying and prospecting ac-tive faults in urban areas[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(1):93—103(in Chinese).
顾梦林.1994.老鸦陈断层和地震勘探[J].东北地震研究,10(4):27—32.GU Meng-lin.1994.Laoyachen Fault and seismic prospecting[J].Seismological Research of Northeast China,10(4):27—32(in Chinese).
何政勤,陈宇坤,叶太兰,等.2007.浅层地震勘探在沿海地区隐伏断层探测中的应用[J].地震地质,29(2):363—371.HE Zheng-qin,CHEN Yu-kun,YE Tai-lan,et al.2007.Application of shallowseismic exploration in detection of bur-ied fault in coastal areas[J].Seismology and Geological,29(2):363—371(in Chinese).
刘保金,姬计法,徐朝繁,等.2006.共偏移距地震反射波法用于城市活断层探测[J].地震地质,28(3):411—418.LIU Bao-jin,JI Ji-fa,XUZhao-fan,et al.2006.Application of common offset seismic reflection method to urban activefault survey[J].Seismology and Geology,28(3):411—418(in Chinese).
刘保金,张先康,方盛明,等.2002.城市活断层探测的高分辨率浅层地震数据采集技术[J].地震地质,24(4):524—532.LIU Bao-jin,ZHANG Xian-kang,FANG Sheng-ming,et al.2002.High-resolution shallow seismic data acquisitiontechnique for surveying of urban active faults[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):524—532(in Chinese).
姚文斌.1992.郑州市地震小区划研究[M].北京:地震出版社.51—65.YAO Wen-bin.1992.Earthquake Regionalization Research of Zhengzhou[M].Seismological Press,Beijing.51—65(in Chinese).
潘纪顺,刘保金,朱金芳,等.2002.城市活断层高分辨率地震勘探震源对比试验研究[J].地震地质,24(4):533—541.PAN Ji-shun,LIU Bao-jin,ZHU Jin-fang,et al.2002.Comparative experiment on seismic sources in high-resolutionseismic exploration for urban active faults[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):533—541(in Chinese).
徐明才,高景华,刘建勋,等.2005.应用于城市活断层调查的地震方法技术[J].中国地震,21(1):17—23.XUMing-cai,GAO Jing-hua,LIUJian-xun,et al.2005.Application of the seismic method to detecting active faults inurban areas[J].Earthquake Research in China,21(1):17—23(in Chinese).
杨晓平,郑荣章,张兰凤,等.2007.浅层地震勘探资料地质解释过程中值得重视的问题[J].地震地质,29(2):281—293.YANG Xiao-ping,ZHENG Rong-zhang,ZHANG Lan-feng,et al.2007.Some problems worth considering in the geolog-ical explanation of shallow seismic prospecting data[J].Seismology and Geological,29(2):281—293(in Chi-nese).
赵成斌,李德庆,赵景尧,等.2007.郑州东区浅部断层的构造特征研究[J].中国地震,23(1):65—73.ZHAO Cheng-bin,LI De-qing,ZHAO Jing-yao,et al.2007.The characteristics of shallow fault in eastern Zhengzhoucity[J].Earthquake Research in China,23(1):65—73(in Chinese).
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