琼东南盆地高精度层序地层学研究
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摘要
运用当代层序地层学的原理和方法 ,综合分析了地震、测井、岩心等资料 ,发现琼东南盆地经历了早期裂陷和晚期坳陷两大发育历程 ,相应划分出TejasA和TejasB两个超层序组 ;与盆地非海相、海相过渡相、生长断层、缓坡和被动大陆边缘背景演化阶段相匹配 ,形成了 5个超层序 .以不整合及其与之可以对比的整合为三级层序边界 ,识别出 19个层序 ,含 5 7个体系域、5 4个以上准层序组、196个以上准层序 .在盆地的不同演化阶段 ,沉积层序的不同点主要在于低水位体系域包含的沉积体系不同 .在恢复古地理环境的基础上 ,提炼出有关沉积层序模式 .根据可容纳空间分析 ,编制了本区海平面升降曲线 ,发现陵水中期、梅山早期和莺歌海早期三次大的海泛与全球变化完全合拍 .在纵向上 ,海进体系域至密集段生烃潜力最强 ,空间上以外陆架 -大陆坡最好 ,其次为滨沼或海陆过渡相 .指出了陆架坡折附近的低水位楔和斜坡扇是值得注意的隐蔽圈闭勘探目标 .
The principle of and method for the contemporary sequence stratigraphy are both employed to analyze comprehensively the references on seismology, logging, and cores. This comprehensive analysis shows that the Qiongdongnan basin may have experienced two major growth stages: the early rift stage and the late depression stage, corresponding to the two supersequence sets: Tejas A and Tejas B. In addition, five supersequences were formed that corresponded to the five evolutionary stages in the basin: nonmarine facies, marine transitional facies, growth fault, ramp, and passive continental setting. The unconformity and its counterpart, the conformity, both serving as the third-order sequence boundaries are employed to identify 19 sequences containing 57 systems tracts, over 54 parasequence sets and over 196 parasequences. The major differences between different evolutionary stages and between different sedimentary sequences in the basin are both attributed to the different sedimentary system contained in the lowstand systems tract. On the basis of the reconstruction of the paleo-environment settings, have been established the models of depositional sequences. The accomodation analysis is applied to the compilation of the sea-level change curve of the Qiongdongnan basin, resulting in the discovery of the perfect matching between the three major marine floods that occurred in the middle Lingshui, early Meishan and early Yinggehai stages, and the corresponding globe changes. The best potential hydrocarbon resources are located vertically in the section between the marine transgressive systems tract and the condensed section, but laterally between the outer-shelf to the continental slope. The next best potential hydrocarbon resources are located in the littoral-aquamarsh deposits or in the marine-continental transitional facies. This paper suggests that the lowstand wedge and the slope fan near the continental-shelf slope break should serve as the petroleum exploration target of the hidden traps worthy of attention.
The principle of and method for the contemporary sequence stratigraphy are both employed to analyze comprehensively the references on seismology, logging, and cores. This comprehensive analysis shows that the Qiongdongnan basin may have experienced two major growth stages: the early rift stage and the late depression stage, corresponding to the two supersequence sets: Tejas A and Tejas B. In addition, five supersequences were formed that corresponded to the five evolutionary stages in the basin: nonmarine facies, marine transitional facies, growth fault, ramp, and passive continental setting. The unconformity and its counterpart, the conformity, both serving as the third-order sequence boundaries are employed to identify 19 sequences containing 57 systems tracts, over 54 parasequence sets and over 196 parasequences. The major differences between different evolutionary stages and between different sedimentary sequences in the basin are both attributed to the different sedimentary system contained in the lowstand systems tract. On the basis of the reconstruction of the paleo-environment settings, have been established the models of depositional sequences. The accomodation analysis is applied to the compilation of the sea-level change curve of the Qiongdongnan basin, resulting in the discovery of the perfect matching between the three major marine floods that occurred in the middle Lingshui, early Meishan and early Yinggehai stages, and the corresponding globe changes. The best potential hydrocarbon resources are located vertically in the section between the marine transgressive systems tract and the condensed section, but laterally between the outer-shelf to the continental slope. The next best potential hydrocarbon resources are located in the littoral-aquamarsh deposits or in the marine-continental transitional facies. This paper suggests that the lowstand wedge and the slope fan near the continental-shelf slope break should serve as the petroleum exploration target of the hidden traps worthy of attention.
引文
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[2 ]徐怀大 ,王世凤 ,陈开远 .地震地层学解释基础 [M].武汉 :中国地质大学出版社 ,1990 .1～ 12 0 .
[3]PosamentierHW ,AllenGP ,JamesDP ,etal.Forcedre gressionsinasequencestratigraphicframework :concepts,ex amples ,andexplorationsignificance [J].AAPG ,1992 ,76(11) :16 87～ 170 9.
[4 ]DixonBT ,WeimerP .SequencestratigraphyanddepositionalhistoryoftheeasternMississippifan (Pleistocene) ,northeast erndeepgulfofMexico [J].AAPG ,1998,82 (6 ) :12 0 7～12 32 .
[5 ]WilgusCK ,PosamentierHW ,HastingsBS ,etal.层序地层学原理 (海平面变化综合分析 ) [M].徐怀大 ,魏魁生 ,洪卫东 ,等译 .北京 :石油工业出版社 ,1993 .1～ 5 15 .
[6 ]GallowayWE .Siliciclasticslopeandbaseoff slopedeposition alsystem :componentfacies,stratigraphicarchitecture ,andclassification [J].AAPG ,1998,82 (4 ) :5 6 9～ 5 95 .
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