格尔木—额济纳旗地学断面综合研究
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摘要
格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面从南到北穿过昆仑、祁连和北山3个构造带;在断面中划分出北昆仑-柴达木、中南祁连、北祁连、北山南部和北山北部5个构造地层地体;以及昆仑中央、北宗务隆、中祁连北缘、宽滩山及石板井-小黄山5条地体边界断裂带。断面内地壳厚度约50～70 km,中南祁连地体地壳厚度最大,显示有山根存在;岩石圈厚度约140～150 km。根据地球卫星及地震反射剖面结果表明:青藏高原为一个单独的岩石圈构造单元;高原的北界地表应在宽滩山断裂带,可能是阿尔金断裂的东延部分。通过应力场模拟计算表明:祁连山的隆升主要是受南北两侧的挤压力所致,祁连山两侧的大陆岩石圈相向运动插入到祁连山之下,使祁连山岩石圈上部抬升及下部缩短加厚,形成增厚的岩石圈根。
The Golmud - Ejin geoscience transect traverses the Kunlun, Qilian and Northern Beishan tectonic belts from south to north. In the geoscience transect, five tectostratigraphic terranes, i. e. the Qaidam - North Kunlun, South-central Qilian, North Qilian, Southern Beishan and Northern Beishan terranes, and five terrane boundary faults, i. e. the Central Kunlun fault, North Juniil fault, North boundary fault of Central Qilian, Kuantanshan fault and Skibanjing-Xiao Huangshan boundary fault, may be distinguished. The Moho depth is 50-70 km and reaches a maximum 74 km in the Juhong Tu area south of the Har Lake in the Southern Qilian, indicating the existence of the mountain root there. The thickness of the lithosphere is 140-150 km. The landsat images and continental seismic reflection profiling indicate that the Qinghai -Tibet plateau is an independent lithospheric tectonic unit. The northern boundary of the plateau should be the Kuantanskan fault, which is most likely to the eastward extension of the Altun fault. The stress field model calculation indicates that the uplift of the Qilian Mountains mainly resulted from crustal compression both from the north and south sides. The face-to face movement of the lithospheric blocks on both sides of the Qilian Mountains caused them to plunge beneath the mountains, thus leading to the uplift of the upper part of the lithosphere and the shortening and thickening of the lower part of the lithosphere. So a thickened lithospheric root was formed.
The Golmud - Ejin geoscience transect traverses the Kunlun, Qilian and Northern Beishan tectonic belts from south to north. In the geoscience transect, five tectostratigraphic terranes, i. e. the Qaidam - North Kunlun, South-central Qilian, North Qilian, Southern Beishan and Northern Beishan terranes, and five terrane boundary faults, i. e. the Central Kunlun fault, North Juniil fault, North boundary fault of Central Qilian, Kuantanshan fault and Skibanjing-Xiao Huangshan boundary fault, may be distinguished. The Moho depth is 50-70 km and reaches a maximum 74 km in the Juhong Tu area south of the Har Lake in the Southern Qilian, indicating the existence of the mountain root there. The thickness of the lithosphere is 140-150 km. The landsat images and continental seismic reflection profiling indicate that the Qinghai -Tibet plateau is an independent lithospheric tectonic unit. The northern boundary of the plateau should be the Kuantanskan fault, which is most likely to the eastward extension of the Altun fault. The stress field model calculation indicates that the uplift of the Qilian Mountains mainly resulted from crustal compression both from the north and south sides. The face-to face movement of the lithospheric blocks on both sides of the Qilian Mountains caused them to plunge beneath the mountains, thus leading to the uplift of the upper part of the lithosphere and the shortening and thickening of the lower part of the lithosphere. So a thickened lithospheric root was formed.
引文
② 王乃文.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面走廊域地体的划分.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面多学科综合调查研究课题总结报告.1991,8．
① 郭宪璞.断面走廊域各地体地层系统和对比.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面多学科走廊域地质构造与演化研究.1991～1994． 12．
① 姚培毅.青藏高原北部及邻区古生物地理区系.格尔木-额尔纳旗地学断面走廊域地质构造与演化研究.1991～1994． 26．
① 杨建军.祁连山高压变质带研究.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面走廊域岩石地球化学研究.1991～1994． 46～64页.
1 陈炳蔚,王彦斌,左国朝.青藏高原北部地体划分及其构造演化.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):98～113．
2 Dickinson W R. Plate tectonic and sedimentation. In: Dickinsons W R, ed. Tectonic and sedimentation. Spcc. Pub., Soc. Econ. Paleont. Miner., tulsa, 1974, 1～27．
3 罗梅,贾疏源,柴达木盆地及其相邻地区地质构造演化.成都地质学院学报,1991,18(4) :56～64．
4 许志琴,徐惠芬,张建新,李海兵,朱志直,曲景川,陈代璋,陈金禄,杨开春.北祁连走廊南山加里东俯冲杂岩增生地体及其动力学.地质学报,1994,68(1) :1～15．
5 董学斌,杨惠心,李鹏武.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面地体构造的古地磁学研究.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ)71～85．
6 王鸿祯,刘本培,李思田.中国及邻区大地构造划分和构造发展阶段.中国及邻区构造古地理和生物古地理.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1990． 283～292页.
7 赖绍聪,邓晋福,杨建军,周天祯,赵海玲,罗照华,刘厚祥.柴达木北缘发现大型韧性剪切带.现代地质,1993,17(1) :125．
8 邓晋福,吴宗絮,杨建军,赵海玲,刘厚祥,赖绍聪,狄永军.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面走廊域地壳-上地幔岩石学结构与深部过程.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):130～144．
9 崔作舟,李秋生,吴朝东,尹周勋,刘宏兵.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面的地壳结构与深部构造.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):15～28．
10 宋仲和,安昌强,陈国英,陈立华,庄真,傅竹武,吕梓龄,胡家富.中国西部三维速度结构及其各向异性.地球物理学报,1991,34(6) :694～707．
11 安昌强,宋仲和,陈国英,陈立华,庄真,傅竹武,吕梓龄,胡家富.中国西北地区剪切波三维速度结构.地球物理学报,1993,36:317～325．
12 孟令顺,管烨,齐立,高锐.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面及其邻区重力场与深部地壳构造.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):36～45．
13 孟令顺,高锐,周富祥,秦爽,吕庆田.青藏高原重力测量与岩石圈构造.北京:地质出版社,1988． 31～35页.
14 Parker R L. The rapid calculation of potential anomalies. Geophys. J. R. aster. soc., 1972, 31: 447～455．
15 Oldenburg D W. The inversion and interpretation of gravity anomalies. Geophys., 1974, 39: 525～536．
16 余钦范,楼海,胡中栋.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面岩石圈结构的磁场分析.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):58～70．
17 余钦范,吴刚.岩石圈磁性层下界面的物理机制.国外地质勘探技术,1989,10:14～19．
18 管志宁,安玉林.频率域磁性单界面反演方法.地球物理学报,1986,29:399～406．
19 Baranow V A. New method for interpretation of aeromagnetic maps: Pseudo-Gravimtric anomalies. Geophys., 1957, 22: 359～383．
20 朱仁学,胡祥云.格尔木-额济纳旗地学渐面岩石圈电性结构的研究.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):46～57．
21 青藏省地质矿产局.青海省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1991． 521～588页.
22 甘肃省地质矿产局.甘肃省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1989． 1991． 539～604页.
23 Jones A G. Statis shift of magnetotelluric data and its remoal in a Sedimentary basin environment. Geophysics, 1988, 49 (7) : 967～978．
24 沈显杰,杨淑贞,沈继英.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面热流研究与分析.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):86～97．
25 Allis R G. A heat production model for stable continental crust. Tectonophysics, 1979, 57: 151～155．
26 Lachenbruch A H. preliminary geothermal model of sierra Nevada. J. Geophys. Res., 1968, 73: 6977～6989．
27 Pollack H N, Chapman P D. Mantle heat flow. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett., 1977, 34: 174～184．
28 程裕淇.中国区域地质概论.北京:地质出版社,1994,16页.
29 吴宣志,吴春玲,卢杰,吴杰.利用深地震反射剖面研究北祁连-河西走廊地壳细结构.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):29～35．
30 王多杰.赤金堡-金塔断裂带的基本特征及有关问题的讨论.内陆地震,1988,2(2) :142～146．
31 郑剑东.阿尔金断裂与大陆走滑断裂.内陆地震,1988,2(2) :123～130．
32 高锐,成湘洲,丁谦.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面地球动力学模型初探.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):3～14．
33 许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊等.由大量的地震资料推断的我国大陆的构造应力场.地球物理学报,1989,32:626～647．
34 Zhao Wen-Jing, Nelson K D. Project INDEPTH Team, Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental under-thrusting beneath Southern Tibet. Nature, 1993, 366: 557～559．
35 Nelson K D. Lithosphere:Deep Seismic Reflections Geodynamics. 1991, 22: 377～382．
36 叶正仁.地幔对流、大地水准面异常和板块运动.现今地球动力学问题讨论会论文集.北京:地质出版社,1994． 72～80页.
37 黄汲清指导,任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤,秦德余执笔.中国大陆构造及其演化,1:400万中国大地为造图简要说明.北京:科学出版社,1980,47页.
① 郭宪璞.断面走廊域各地体地层系统和对比.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面多学科走廊域地质构造与演化研究.1991～1994． 12．
① 姚培毅.青藏高原北部及邻区古生物地理区系.格尔木-额尔纳旗地学断面走廊域地质构造与演化研究.1991～1994． 26．
① 杨建军.祁连山高压变质带研究.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面走廊域岩石地球化学研究.1991～1994． 46～64页.
1 陈炳蔚,王彦斌,左国朝.青藏高原北部地体划分及其构造演化.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):98～113．
2 Dickinson W R. Plate tectonic and sedimentation. In: Dickinsons W R, ed. Tectonic and sedimentation. Spcc. Pub., Soc. Econ. Paleont. Miner., tulsa, 1974, 1～27．
3 罗梅,贾疏源,柴达木盆地及其相邻地区地质构造演化.成都地质学院学报,1991,18(4) :56～64．
4 许志琴,徐惠芬,张建新,李海兵,朱志直,曲景川,陈代璋,陈金禄,杨开春.北祁连走廊南山加里东俯冲杂岩增生地体及其动力学.地质学报,1994,68(1) :1～15．
5 董学斌,杨惠心,李鹏武.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面地体构造的古地磁学研究.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ)71～85．
6 王鸿祯,刘本培,李思田.中国及邻区大地构造划分和构造发展阶段.中国及邻区构造古地理和生物古地理.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1990． 283～292页.
7 赖绍聪,邓晋福,杨建军,周天祯,赵海玲,罗照华,刘厚祥.柴达木北缘发现大型韧性剪切带.现代地质,1993,17(1) :125．
8 邓晋福,吴宗絮,杨建军,赵海玲,刘厚祥,赖绍聪,狄永军.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面走廊域地壳-上地幔岩石学结构与深部过程.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):130～144．
9 崔作舟,李秋生,吴朝东,尹周勋,刘宏兵.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面的地壳结构与深部构造.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):15～28．
10 宋仲和,安昌强,陈国英,陈立华,庄真,傅竹武,吕梓龄,胡家富.中国西部三维速度结构及其各向异性.地球物理学报,1991,34(6) :694～707．
11 安昌强,宋仲和,陈国英,陈立华,庄真,傅竹武,吕梓龄,胡家富.中国西北地区剪切波三维速度结构.地球物理学报,1993,36:317～325．
12 孟令顺,管烨,齐立,高锐.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面及其邻区重力场与深部地壳构造.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):36～45．
13 孟令顺,高锐,周富祥,秦爽,吕庆田.青藏高原重力测量与岩石圈构造.北京:地质出版社,1988． 31～35页.
14 Parker R L. The rapid calculation of potential anomalies. Geophys. J. R. aster. soc., 1972, 31: 447～455．
15 Oldenburg D W. The inversion and interpretation of gravity anomalies. Geophys., 1974, 39: 525～536．
16 余钦范,楼海,胡中栋.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面岩石圈结构的磁场分析.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):58～70．
17 余钦范,吴刚.岩石圈磁性层下界面的物理机制.国外地质勘探技术,1989,10:14～19．
18 管志宁,安玉林.频率域磁性单界面反演方法.地球物理学报,1986,29:399～406．
19 Baranow V A. New method for interpretation of aeromagnetic maps: Pseudo-Gravimtric anomalies. Geophys., 1957, 22: 359～383．
20 朱仁学,胡祥云.格尔木-额济纳旗地学渐面岩石圈电性结构的研究.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):46～57．
21 青藏省地质矿产局.青海省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1991． 521～588页.
22 甘肃省地质矿产局.甘肃省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1989． 1991． 539～604页.
23 Jones A G. Statis shift of magnetotelluric data and its remoal in a Sedimentary basin environment. Geophysics, 1988, 49 (7) : 967～978．
24 沈显杰,杨淑贞,沈继英.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面热流研究与分析.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):86～97．
25 Allis R G. A heat production model for stable continental crust. Tectonophysics, 1979, 57: 151～155．
26 Lachenbruch A H. preliminary geothermal model of sierra Nevada. J. Geophys. Res., 1968, 73: 6977～6989．
27 Pollack H N, Chapman P D. Mantle heat flow. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett., 1977, 34: 174～184．
28 程裕淇.中国区域地质概论.北京:地质出版社,1994,16页.
29 吴宣志,吴春玲,卢杰,吴杰.利用深地震反射剖面研究北祁连-河西走廊地壳细结构.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):29～35．
30 王多杰.赤金堡-金塔断裂带的基本特征及有关问题的讨论.内陆地震,1988,2(2) :142～146．
31 郑剑东.阿尔金断裂与大陆走滑断裂.内陆地震,1988,2(2) :123～130．
32 高锐,成湘洲,丁谦.格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面地球动力学模型初探.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊Ⅱ):3～14．
33 许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊等.由大量的地震资料推断的我国大陆的构造应力场.地球物理学报,1989,32:626～647．
34 Zhao Wen-Jing, Nelson K D. Project INDEPTH Team, Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental under-thrusting beneath Southern Tibet. Nature, 1993, 366: 557～559．
35 Nelson K D. Lithosphere:Deep Seismic Reflections Geodynamics. 1991, 22: 377～382．
36 叶正仁.地幔对流、大地水准面异常和板块运动.现今地球动力学问题讨论会论文集.北京:地质出版社,1994． 72～80页.
37 黄汲清指导,任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤,秦德余执笔.中国大陆构造及其演化,1:400万中国大地为造图简要说明.北京:科学出版社,1980,47页.
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