南天山库车冲断褶皱带构造变形时间——以库车河地区为例
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摘要
本文利用野外调查结果、二维地震反射剖面、钻井和测井数据建立了一条横穿库车河地区的南北向构造剖面,将库车冲断褶皱带划分为北部褶皱带、克依构造带、秋立塔格背斜带和亚肯背斜带。作者在库车冲断褶皱带北部发现了渐新世—中新世角度不整合,在库车南部亚肯背斜和东秋立塔格背斜顶部发现了构造生长地层,通过确定构造生长地层的底界,利用库车河地区古近系(下第三系)—第四系磁极柱,判断亚肯背斜和东秋立塔格背斜构造生长地层的沉积时代为5.2±0.2 Ma。上述结果暗示库车冲断褶皱带北部山前带的变形始于渐新世,并且经历了中新世、上新世的构造改造,南部秋立塔格背斜带和亚肯背斜带形成较晚,可能是上新世开始变形,而且变形活动持续至今,由此看来库车冲断褶皱带的变形时代由北向南变新。作者估算东秋立塔格背斜上新世以来(5.2±0.2 Ma)的构造变形量为7.5 km,变形速率为1.5 mm/a。
The Tianshan is one of the largest and the most active intracontinental mountain ranges in the world. Ac-tive fold-and-thrust belts flank both sides of the mountain. This paper based on the data of seismic refection profiles, wells, remote sensing, detailed surface structural survey and magnetostrati graphy focuses on the Kuqa thrust system in the central part of the southern Tianshan. In the Kuqa River area, the 60 km wide fold-and-thrust belt is characterized by four east-west-trending folds. Near the mountain front, the Northern fold and the Keyi fold involve Mesozoic and Eogene strata and make two unconformities between the Meocene Jidike Formation and the Eogene Suweiyi Formation and in the Meocene Kangcun Formation. The unconformities im-ply that the beginning of deformation in the Kuqa thrust system is around Oligocene. Toward the Tarim basin, the more recent Miocene to Pleistocene sediment is folded along the Quilitake anticline. Further south, the Yaken anticline is involving the Holocene surface that is folded. The growth strata over the Yaken anticline and the Quilitake anticline are in the lower part of the Pliocene Kuqa Formation. Combining with the magne-tostratigraphic sections on the both sides of the Qiulitake anticline we suggest that the timing of deformation on the Yaken anticline and the Quilitake anticline is the early Pliocene (5. 5 ± 0. 2 Ma), and an average slip rate of 1. 5 mm/a since Pliocene is estimated on the Quilitake anticline.
The Tianshan is one of the largest and the most active intracontinental mountain ranges in the world. Ac-tive fold-and-thrust belts flank both sides of the mountain. This paper based on the data of seismic refection profiles, wells, remote sensing, detailed surface structural survey and magnetostrati graphy focuses on the Kuqa thrust system in the central part of the southern Tianshan. In the Kuqa River area, the 60 km wide fold-and-thrust belt is characterized by four east-west-trending folds. Near the mountain front, the Northern fold and the Keyi fold involve Mesozoic and Eogene strata and make two unconformities between the Meocene Jidike Formation and the Eogene Suweiyi Formation and in the Meocene Kangcun Formation. The unconformities im-ply that the beginning of deformation in the Kuqa thrust system is around Oligocene. Toward the Tarim basin, the more recent Miocene to Pleistocene sediment is folded along the Quilitake anticline. Further south, the Yaken anticline is involving the Holocene surface that is folded. The growth strata over the Yaken anticline and the Quilitake anticline are in the lower part of the Pliocene Kuqa Formation. Combining with the magne-tostratigraphic sections on the both sides of the Qiulitake anticline we suggest that the timing of deformation on the Yaken anticline and the Quilitake anticline is the early Pliocene (5. 5 ± 0. 2 Ma), and an average slip rate of 1. 5 mm/a since Pliocene is estimated on the Quilitake anticline.
引文
陈楚铭.卢华复,贾东,贾承造.1999． 塔里木盆地北缘库车再生前陆褶皱逆冲带中丘里塔格前锋带的构造与油气.地质论评,45(4) :423～433
范湘涛,卢华复,郭华东,邵会.2000． 库车冲断带新构造遥感分析.地质论评,46(5) :499～506．
贾承造.1997． 中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,1～438．
贾承造,魏国齐.1996． 塔里木盆地的古生界古隆起和中、新生界前陆逆冲带构造及其控油意义.见;童晓光,梁狄刚,贾承造主编.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展.北京:科学出版社,225～234．
卢华复,贾东,陈楚铭,刘志宏,王国强,贾承造.1999． 库车新生代构造性质和变形时间.地学前缘,6(4) :215～221。
寿建峰,斯春松,朱国华,王少依,皮学军,李启明.2001． 塔里木盆地库车坳陷下侏罗统砂岩储层性质的控制因素.地质论评,47(3) :272～277．
Brown E T, Boales D C, Barchfield B C, et al. 1998． Estimation of slip rates in the southernTian Shan using cosmic ray exposure dates of abandoned alluvial fans. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 110, 377～386．
Chen Chuming, Lu Huafu, Jia Dong, Jia Chengzao. 1999． Structures and petroleum accumulation in the Qiulitag thrust front of the Kuche Rejuvenated foreland fold-thrust belt on the northoern margin of the Tarim basin. Geological Review, 45 (4 ): 421～433．
Fan Xiangtao, Lu Huafu, Gao Huadong, Shao Yun. 2000． Neotectonic analysis of the Kuche foreland thrust belt by using remote sensing data. Geological Review, 46(5) : 499～506．
Jia Chengzao. 1997． The structural feature and its relations to hydrocarbon on the Tarim Basin, China. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1～438(in Chinese).
Jia Chengzao, Wei Guoqi. 1996． Paleozoic paleouplifts, Meso-Cenozoic foreland thrusttectonics and their significance in controlling hydrocarbon occurrence of Tarim Basin. In: Tong Xiaoguang, Liang Digang, Jia Chengzao. ed. The research progress of petroleum geology on the Tarim Basin. Beijing: Sci. Press, 225～234(in Chinese).
Lu Huafu, Jia Dong. Chen Chuming, Liu Zhihong, Wang Guoqiang, Jia Chengzao. 1999． Nature and timing of the Kuqa Cenozoic structures. Earth Sciences Forward, 6(4) : 215～221 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Shaw J H, Shearer P M. 1999． An elusive blind thrus1 fault beneath metropolitan Los Angeles. Science, 283: 1516～1518．
Suppe J. 1983． Geometry and kinematics of fault bend folding. Amer. J. Sci., 283: 684～721．
Suppe J, Medwedeff D A. 1990． Geometry and kinematics of faultpropagation fold1ng. Eclog. Geol. He1v., 83: 409--454．
Suppe J, Chou G T, Hook S P. l991． Rates of folding and faulting determined from growthstrata. In: McClay K R, ed. Thrust Tectonics. London: Chapman and Hall, 105～121．
Ye C H. Huang R J. 1990． Tertiary stratigraphy of the Tarim Basin. ln Zhou Z, Chen P, ed. Stratigraphy of the Tarim Basin. BeiJing: Sci. Press, 308～363．
Yin A, Nie S, Craig P, et al. 1998． Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Chjnese Tian Shan. Tcetonics, 17: 1～27．
Shou Jianfeng, Si Chunsong, Zhu Guohua, Wang Shaoyi, Pi XueJun, Li Qiming. 2001． Control factors of the properties of the lower Jurassic Sandstone reserviors in the Kuche Depresslon, Tarim basin. Deological Review, 47(3) : 272～277．
②盂自芳．1999．新疆库车河地区新生代磁性地层．塔甲木石油股份公司研究报告（内部）．
①钟端，夏维书，等．1998库车前陆盆地露头区中新生代地层构造 沉积相及含油性调查研究报告（附1。10万库车前陆盆地地质 图）．塔里木石油股份公司研究报告（内部）．
①钟瑞，夏维书，等．1998．库车前陆盆地露头区中新生代地层构造 沉积相及含油性周查研究报告（附l：10万库车前陆盆地地质 图）．塔里木石油股份公司研究报告（内部）．
②盂自芳1999．新疆库车河地区新生代磁性地层．塔里木石油 股份公司研究报告（内部）~~
范湘涛,卢华复,郭华东,邵会.2000． 库车冲断带新构造遥感分析.地质论评,46(5) :499～506．
贾承造.1997． 中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,1～438．
贾承造,魏国齐.1996． 塔里木盆地的古生界古隆起和中、新生界前陆逆冲带构造及其控油意义.见;童晓光,梁狄刚,贾承造主编.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展.北京:科学出版社,225～234．
卢华复,贾东,陈楚铭,刘志宏,王国强,贾承造.1999． 库车新生代构造性质和变形时间.地学前缘,6(4) :215～221。
寿建峰,斯春松,朱国华,王少依,皮学军,李启明.2001． 塔里木盆地库车坳陷下侏罗统砂岩储层性质的控制因素.地质论评,47(3) :272～277．
Brown E T, Boales D C, Barchfield B C, et al. 1998． Estimation of slip rates in the southernTian Shan using cosmic ray exposure dates of abandoned alluvial fans. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 110, 377～386．
Chen Chuming, Lu Huafu, Jia Dong, Jia Chengzao. 1999． Structures and petroleum accumulation in the Qiulitag thrust front of the Kuche Rejuvenated foreland fold-thrust belt on the northoern margin of the Tarim basin. Geological Review, 45 (4 ): 421～433．
Fan Xiangtao, Lu Huafu, Gao Huadong, Shao Yun. 2000． Neotectonic analysis of the Kuche foreland thrust belt by using remote sensing data. Geological Review, 46(5) : 499～506．
Jia Chengzao. 1997． The structural feature and its relations to hydrocarbon on the Tarim Basin, China. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1～438(in Chinese).
Jia Chengzao, Wei Guoqi. 1996． Paleozoic paleouplifts, Meso-Cenozoic foreland thrusttectonics and their significance in controlling hydrocarbon occurrence of Tarim Basin. In: Tong Xiaoguang, Liang Digang, Jia Chengzao. ed. The research progress of petroleum geology on the Tarim Basin. Beijing: Sci. Press, 225～234(in Chinese).
Lu Huafu, Jia Dong. Chen Chuming, Liu Zhihong, Wang Guoqiang, Jia Chengzao. 1999． Nature and timing of the Kuqa Cenozoic structures. Earth Sciences Forward, 6(4) : 215～221 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Shaw J H, Shearer P M. 1999． An elusive blind thrus1 fault beneath metropolitan Los Angeles. Science, 283: 1516～1518．
Suppe J. 1983． Geometry and kinematics of fault bend folding. Amer. J. Sci., 283: 684～721．
Suppe J, Medwedeff D A. 1990． Geometry and kinematics of faultpropagation fold1ng. Eclog. Geol. He1v., 83: 409--454．
Suppe J, Chou G T, Hook S P. l991． Rates of folding and faulting determined from growthstrata. In: McClay K R, ed. Thrust Tectonics. London: Chapman and Hall, 105～121．
Ye C H. Huang R J. 1990． Tertiary stratigraphy of the Tarim Basin. ln Zhou Z, Chen P, ed. Stratigraphy of the Tarim Basin. BeiJing: Sci. Press, 308～363．
Yin A, Nie S, Craig P, et al. 1998． Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Chjnese Tian Shan. Tcetonics, 17: 1～27．
Shou Jianfeng, Si Chunsong, Zhu Guohua, Wang Shaoyi, Pi XueJun, Li Qiming. 2001． Control factors of the properties of the lower Jurassic Sandstone reserviors in the Kuche Depresslon, Tarim basin. Deological Review, 47(3) : 272～277．
②盂自芳．1999．新疆库车河地区新生代磁性地层．塔甲木石油股份公司研究报告（内部）．
①钟端，夏维书，等．1998库车前陆盆地露头区中新生代地层构造 沉积相及含油性调查研究报告（附1。10万库车前陆盆地地质 图）．塔里木石油股份公司研究报告（内部）．
①钟瑞，夏维书，等．1998．库车前陆盆地露头区中新生代地层构造 沉积相及含油性周查研究报告（附l：10万库车前陆盆地地质 图）．塔里木石油股份公司研究报告（内部）．
②盂自芳1999．新疆库车河地区新生代磁性地层．塔里木石油 股份公司研究报告（内部）~~
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