汶川M_S8.0地震对四川省水电水利工程场地安全性评价结果的检验
摘要
通过对汶川MS8.0地震的野外现场调查与相关资料收集,分析了四川省水电水利工程的破坏情况。在汶川地震震中区和高烈度区内,其危害性程度明显比当地水电水利工程场地安全性评价烈度高Ⅰ~Ⅲ度,暴露出在当地水电水利工程场地安全性评价中存在的问题。受限于历史地震记录时间短、无法预测出超过历史地震最高震级的上限,严重低估了龙门山断裂带的危险性,酿成当地水电水利工程遭受很大损坏,坝体普遍出现裂缝、渗水、局部坍塌等情况,甚至有些水库出现溃坝险情。因此,在水电水利工程场地安全性评价中应加强活动断裂的鉴定工作,可以利用古地震或地震规模与最大震级关系等来弥补历史地震资料记录时间短的缺陷,以提高水电水利工程场地安全性评价结果的可靠性。
In the paper,the seism ic damage to reservoirs in Sichuan Province has been analyzed by field in-vestigation and data collection of the damages of theMS8.0 W enchuan earthquake.The results show that the damage of theMS8.0 W enchuan earthquake is 1 or 3 degrees higher than the seism ic intensi-ties provided by the reservoir seism ic safety assessments in Sichuan Province.This reveals certain questions behind the reservoir seism ic safety assessment in this region.Because of the short earth-quake record history,there has been no pred icting of earthquake larger than the largestmagnitude of historical earthquake,and thus,the risk of the Lomenshan active faultwas greatly underestimated,re-sulting that fissures,seepage and partial collapse occurred widely on the dams ofmany reservoirs.The paleoearthquake method is an importantmeans of d istinguishing active fault in reservoir seism ic risk assessment and improving the accuracy and reliability of the assessment results.
In the paper,the seism ic damage to reservoirs in Sichuan Province has been analyzed by field in-vestigation and data collection of the damages of theMS8.0 W enchuan earthquake.The results show that the damage of theMS8.0 W enchuan earthquake is 1 or 3 degrees higher than the seism ic intensi-ties provided by the reservoir seism ic safety assessments in Sichuan Province.This reveals certain questions behind the reservoir seism ic safety assessment in this region.Because of the short earth-quake record history,there has been no pred icting of earthquake larger than the largestmagnitude of historical earthquake,and thus,the risk of the Lomenshan active faultwas greatly underestimated,re-sulting that fissures,seepage and partial collapse occurred widely on the dams ofmany reservoirs.The paleoearthquake method is an importantmeans of d istinguishing active fault in reservoir seism ic risk assessment and improving the accuracy and reliability of the assessment results.
引文
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张文甫,陈农,胡先明.1996.瓦屋山水电站水库诱发地震危险性研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,17(2):35-43.ZHANG Wen-fu,CHEN Nong,HUXian-ming.1996.Risk analysis of reservoir induced earthquake at Wawushan hydro-electric station[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,17(2):35-43(in Chinese).
邓起东(主编).2004.中国活动构造图[M].北京:地震出版社.DENG Qi-dong(ed).2004.Map of Active Tectonics in China[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
段斌,何江达,李莉,等.2005.瀑布沟水电站尾水隧洞出口高边坡地震作用效应及稳定性[J].东北水利水电,22(5):1-6.DUAN Bin,HE Jiang-da,LI Li,et al.2005.Earthquake response and stability of high slope in tailrace tunnel exit ofPubugou hydropower station[J].Water Resources&Hydropower of Northeast China,22(5):1-6(in Chinese).
辜明清.2003.大桥水库主要工程地质问题的分析与评价[J].四川水力发电,22(2):1-8.GU Ming-qing.2003.Analysis and evaluation on main question of geological engineering at Daqiao Reservoir[J].Si-chuan Water Power,22(2):1-8(in Chinese).
胡先明.2007.紫坪铺水库蓄水前天然地震活动[J].四川地震,(2):16-21.HU Xian-ming.2007.Seismicity background around Zipingpu Dam before impounding[J].Earthquake Research in Si-chuan,(2):16-21(in Chinese).
胡聿贤.1999.地震安全性评价技术教程[M].北京:地震出版社.HUYu-xian.1999.The Technical Course of Seismic Safety Evaluation[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
金永堂.1997.继光水库原型观测成果分析[J].中国农村水利水电(农田水利与小水电),(3):18-20.JIN Yong-tang.1997.The analysis on observation results of Jinguang Reservoir prototype[J].China Rural Water andHydropower,(3):18-20(in Chinese).
刘鸿儒.1994.对黑龙潭水库灌区内小型工程问题的建议[J].四川水利,15(6):36-37.LIU Hong-ru.1994.The suggestions for the small engineering in Heilongtan Reservoir[J].Sichuan Water Conservan-cy,15(6):36-37(in Chinese).
隆文非.2000.升钟水库大坝安全监测管理系统的更新改造[J].四川水利,21(1):30-33.LONG Wen-fei.2000.Renovation of dam safety monitoring management system in Shengzhong Reservoir[J].SichuanWater Conservancy,21(1):30-33(in Chinese).
马瑾.1987.构造物理学概论[M].北京:地震出版社.MA Jin.1987.An Introduction to Tectonophysics[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
彭云金,吕贵选,吕加蓉,等.2007.溪洛渡和向家坝电站水库蓄水后对乐山市中南部地震活动的影响及对策[J].高原地震,19(1):21-26.PENG Yun-jin,L Gui-xuan,L Jia-rong,et al.2007.The influence of impoundment of Xilongdu Reservoir andXiangjiaba Reservoir on the seismic activity of the central and south area of Leshan City and the countermove[J].Plateau Earthquake Research,19(1):21-26(in Chinese).
钱兆礼.1995.龚嘴水电站工程概况[J].四川水力发电,(3):18-23.QIAN Zhao-li.1995.General description of Gongzui Hydropower Project[J].Sichuan Water Power,(3):18-23(inChinese).
佘天堂,任青文.2007.锦屏高拱坝整体安全度评估[J].岩石力学与工程学报,21(1):30-33.SHE Tian-tang,REN Qing-wen.2007.Evaluation of global safety degree of Jinping high arch dam.[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,26(4):787-794.
谭恺炎,李战备,徐小坤.2005.冶勒水电站首次蓄水期间大坝防渗系统应力与变形分析[J].葛洲坝集团科技,75(3):53-60.TAN Kai-yan,LI Zhan-bei,XU Xiao-kun.2005.Analysis on the stress and deformation of the seepage-proof system ofthe dam of Yeqin reservoir during the first storing up[J].Gezhouba Group Science&Technology,75(3):53-60(in Chinese).
唐成建,张全,潘杰,等.2007.武都水库大坝河床坝基深层抗滑稳定分析[J].四川水利,(6):34-38.TANG Cheng-jian,ZHANG Quan,PAN Jie,et al.2007.The anti-slide stability analysis of the dam at depth in WuduReservoir[J].Sichuan Water Conservancy,(6):34-38(in Chinese).
王玲玲,何蕴龙,费文平.2004.水牛家心墙堆石坝地震永久变形及液化分析[J].岩土力学,25(1):165-168.WANG Ling-ling,HE Yun-long,FEI Wen-ping.2004.Analysis of earthquake induced liquefaction and permanent de-formation of Shuiniujia Central Core Rock-fill Dam[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,25(1):165-168(in Chi-nese).
杨主恩,邓志辉,马文涛,等.2008.汶川8级强震极震区破坏情况与烈度[J].地震地质,30(2):349-354.YANG Zhu-en,DENG Zhi-hui,MA Wen-tao,et al.2008.Some destruction and its seismic intensity in meizoseismalregion of Wenchuan Earthquake with magnitude8,Sichuan,China[J].Seismology and Geology,30(2):349-354(in Chinese).
谢蓉华.2000.二滩水库蓄水1年的地震活动[J].地震地磁观测与研究,21(1):12-21.XIE Rong-hua.2000.The earthquake activities around the Ertan Reservoir1year after the impoundment[J].Seismo-logical and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,21(1):12-21(in Chinese).
张文甫,陈农,胡先明.1996.瓦屋山水电站水库诱发地震危险性研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,17(2):35-43.ZHANG Wen-fu,CHEN Nong,HUXian-ming.1996.Risk analysis of reservoir induced earthquake at Wawushan hydro-electric station[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,17(2):35-43(in Chinese).
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