2011年日本东北地区近海大地震最大位移区的应力状态
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摘要
2011年MW9.0的日本东北地区近海大地震在日本海沟附近产生了最大超过50m的同震滑动,这可能导致该区域进入了应力近乎完全卸载的状态。为检验上述假设,我们利用综合大洋钻探计划在震后1年左右时间得到的钻孔资料,以及对震前应力状态的推断结果,确定了陆楔前缘的原地应力状态。根据孔壁崩落法对水平应力方向与应力大小的估算结果,以及在破裂向海沟轴方向传播过程中同震位移增大的现象,可推断原地水平应力在地震过程中变小了。这种应力变化显示出板块界面的前缘发生了相对自由的滑动,该结论与地震引起了断层弱化和发生了近乎全部的应力降等观测结果是吻合的。
引文
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[29]Vannucchi P,Ujiie K,Stroncik N,et al.Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program(IODP,Tokyo,2012),vol.334;10.2204/iodp.proc.334.103.2012
[30]Wu H Y,Ma K F,Zoback M,et al.Stress orientations of Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling Project(TCDP)hole-A as observed from geophysical logs.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2007,34(1):L01303
[31]Lin W,Yeh E C,Ito H,et al.Current stress state and principal stress rotations in the vicinity of theChelungpu fault induced by the 1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2007,34(16):L16307
[32]Conin M,Henry P,Godard V,et al.Splay fault slip in a subduction margin,a new model of evolution.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2012,341-344:170-175
[33]Koketsu K,Yokota Y,Nishimura N,et al.A unified source model for the 2011Tohoku earthquake.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2011,310(3-4):480-487
[2]Ide S,Baltay A,Beroza G C.Shallow dynamic overshoot and energetic deep rupture in the 2011 MW9.0Tohoku-Oki earthquake.Science,2011,332(6036):1426-1429.doi:10.1126/science.1207020
[3]Fujii Y,Satake K,Sakai S,et al.Tsunami source of the 2011off the Pacific coast of Tohoku,earth-quake.Earth Planets Space,2011,63:815-820.doi:10.5047/eps.2011.06.010
[4]Ito Y,Tsuji T,Osada Y,et al.Frontal wedge deformation near the source region of the 2011Tohoku-Oki earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2011,38:L00G05
[5]Lay T,Ammon C J,Kanamori H,et al.Possible large near-trench slip during the 2011 MW9.0off thePacific coast of Tohoku earthquake.Earth Planets Space,2011,63:687-692
[6]Kodaira S,No T,Nakamura Y,et al.Coseismic fault rupture at the trench axis during the 2011To-hoku-oki earthquake.Nat.Geosci.,2012,5:646-650.doi:10.1038/ngeo1547
[7]Hasegawa A,Yoshida K,Okada T.Nearly complete stress drop in the 2011 MW9.0off the Pacific coastof Tohoku earthquake.Earth Planets Space,2011,63:703-707
[8]Hasegawaa A,Yoshidaa K,Asanob Y,et al.Change in stress field after the 2011great Tohoku-Okiearthquake.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2012,355-356:231-243
[9]Kato A,Sakai S,Obara K.A normal-faulting seismic sequence triggered by the 2011off the Pacific coastof Tohoku earthquake:Wholesale stress regime changes in the upper plate.Earth Planets Space,2011,63:745-748
[10]Imanishi K,Ando R,Kuwahara Y.Unusual shallow normal-faulting earthquake sequence in compres-sional northeast Japan activated after the 2011off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2012,39(9):L09306
[11]Yoshida K,Hasegawa A,Okada T,et al.Stress before and after the 2011great Tohoku-Oki earthquakeand induced earthquakes in inland areas of eastern Japan.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2012,39(3):L03302
[12]Obana K,Fujie G,Takahashi T,et al.Normal-faulting earthquakes beneath the outer slope of the JapanTrench after the 2011Tohoku earthquake:Implications for the stress regime in the incoming Pacificplate.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2012,39(7):L00G24
[13]Jones N.Drilling ship to probe Japanese quake zone.Nature,2011,479(7371):16.doi:10.1038/479016a
[14]Mori J J,Chester F M,Eguchi N,et al.Japan Trench Fast Earthquake Drilling Project(JFAST).IODPSci.Prosp,2012,343.10.2204/iodp.sp.343.2012
[15]Chester F M,Mori J J,Toczko S,et al.Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project(JFAST).IODP Prel.Rept.343/343T,2012.10.2204/iodp.pr.343343T.2012
[16]Material and methods are available as supplementary materials on Science Online
[17]Zoback M D.Reservoir Geomechanics.New York:Cambridge University Press,2007
[18]Huene R von,Klaeschen D,Cropp B,et al.Tectonic structure across the accretionary and erosionalparts of the Japan Trench margin.J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99(B11):22349-22361
[19]Kimura G,Hina S,Hamada Y,et al.Runaway slip to the trench due to rupture of highly pressurizedmegathrust beneath the middle trench slope:The tsunamigenesis of the 2011Tohoku earthquake off theeast coast of northern Japan.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2012,339-340:32-45
[20]Tsuru T,Park J O,Miura S,et al.Along-arc structural variation of the plate boundary at the JapanTrench margin:Implication of interplate coupling.J.Geophys.Res.,2002,107(B12):ESE 11-1-ESE11-15.doi:10.1029/2001JB001664
[21]Lin W,Saito S,Sanada Y,et al.Principal horizontal stress orientations prior to the 2011 MW9.0To-hoku-Oki,Japan,earthquake in its source area.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2011,38(7):L00G10
[22]Sato M,Ishikawa T,Ujihara N,et al.Displacement above the hypocenter of the 2011Tohoku-Okiearthquake.Science,2011,332(6036):1395.doi:10.1126/science.1207401
[23]Kido M,OsadaY,Fujimoto H,et al.Trench-normal variation in observed seafloor displacements associ-ated with the 2011Tohoku-Oki earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2011,38(24):L24303
[24]Argus D F,Gordon R G,DeMets C,et al.Geologically current motion of 56plates relative to the no-net-rotation reference frame.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2011,12(11):Q11001
[25]McNeill L C,Ienaga M,Tobin H,et al.Deformation and in situ stress in the Nankai Accretionary Prismfrom resistivity-at-bit images,ODP Leg 196.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2004,31:L02602
[26]Ienaga M,McNeill L C,Mikada H,et al.Borehole image analysis of the Nankai Accretionary Wedge,ODP Leg 196:Structural and stress studies.Tectonophysics,2006,426(1-2):207-220
[27]Chang C,McNeill L C,Moore J C,et al.In situ stress state in the Nankai accretionary wedge estimatedfrom borehole wall failures.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2010,11(12):Q0AD04
[28]Lin W,Doan M L,Moore J C,et al.Present-day principal horizontal stress orientations in the Kumanoforearc basin of the southwest Japan subduction zone determined from IODP NanTroSEIZE drilling SiteC0009.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2010,37(13):L13303
[29]Vannucchi P,Ujiie K,Stroncik N,et al.Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program(IODP,Tokyo,2012),vol.334;10.2204/iodp.proc.334.103.2012
[30]Wu H Y,Ma K F,Zoback M,et al.Stress orientations of Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling Project(TCDP)hole-A as observed from geophysical logs.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2007,34(1):L01303
[31]Lin W,Yeh E C,Ito H,et al.Current stress state and principal stress rotations in the vicinity of theChelungpu fault induced by the 1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2007,34(16):L16307
[32]Conin M,Henry P,Godard V,et al.Splay fault slip in a subduction margin,a new model of evolution.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2012,341-344:170-175
[33]Koketsu K,Yokota Y,Nishimura N,et al.A unified source model for the 2011Tohoku earthquake.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2011,310(3-4):480-487
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