多震源地震正演数值模拟技术
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摘要
常规地震采集技术因受相邻时间激发炮之间时间间隔的制约而存在采集周期过长,采集成本过高的问题,而多震源同步激发地震采集技术可以克服这方面的缺陷,但存在着波场过于复杂的问题,地震正演模拟技术可以帮助我们提高对这种复杂波场的认识水平,为此采用2D弹性波方程交错网格高阶有限差分格式,开发了多震源同步激发波场正演数值模拟技术,能够模拟任意多个同步激发震源的弹性波波场,震源函数可以是雷克子波,也可以是可控震源扫描信号,且同步激发震源之间可以有随机时差.模型试算结果分析表明,该技术既是一项高精度的多震源正演模拟技术,也是一项高效率的地震正演数值模拟技术.
Conventional data acquisition practice is confined to the existence of time intervals between the firing of successive sources in the field,in order to avoid interference sources are fired with large time intervals,which leads to time-consuming and expensive survey.Simultaneous multisource acquisition can overcome the defects,but the wave field of acquiring data is very complex.Seismic forward modeling techniques can help us improve the understanding level of the complex wave field,therefore,based on 2D elastic wave equation,a staggered grids high-order finite difference format was used to develop simultaneous multisource modeling technology.This technology can simulate any number of simultaneous sources of elastic wave field,the source function is wavelet,also can be a vibroseis sweep signal,and there being random time difference between the simultaneous source.The modeling results show that the technology is both a high precision of the forward modeling technology with multisource,and is also a high efficiency seismic forward modeling technology.
Conventional data acquisition practice is confined to the existence of time intervals between the firing of successive sources in the field,in order to avoid interference sources are fired with large time intervals,which leads to time-consuming and expensive survey.Simultaneous multisource acquisition can overcome the defects,but the wave field of acquiring data is very complex.Seismic forward modeling techniques can help us improve the understanding level of the complex wave field,therefore,based on 2D elastic wave equation,a staggered grids high-order finite difference format was used to develop simultaneous multisource modeling technology.This technology can simulate any number of simultaneous sources of elastic wave field,the source function is wavelet,also can be a vibroseis sweep signal,and there being random time difference between the simultaneous source.The modeling results show that the technology is both a high precision of the forward modeling technology with multisource,and is also a high efficiency seismic forward modeling technology.
引文
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[18]Lynn W,Doyle M,Larner K,et al.Experimental investigationof interference from other seismic crews.Geophysics,1987,52(11):1501-1524.
[19]Howe D,Foster M,Allen T,et al.Independent simultaneousin Libya-full scale implementation and new developments.79rd Annual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts,2009:109-111.
[2]Beasley C J,Chambers R E,Jiang Z.A new look at simultaneoussources.68th Annual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts,1998:133-135.
[3]Pecholcs P I,Lafon S K,Al-Ghamdi T,et al.Over 40,000vibratorpoints per day with real-time quality control:opportunities andchallenges.80rd Annual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts,2012:111-115.
[4]佘德平,严建文,吴继敏.全波场地震勘探技术.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):472-477.She D P,Yan J W,Wu J M.The full wave field seismicexploration.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):472-477.
[5]Silverman D.Method of three dimensional seismic prospecting.U.S.Patent 4,1979:159-463.
[6]Hufford J,Thomas W A,May J,Pardue H,et al.Union HFVSwith slip-sweep for improved spatial resolution and acquisitionefficiency.73rd Annual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts,2003:39-42.
[7]Sallas J,Corrigan D,Allen K P.High fidelity vibratory sourceseismic method with source separation.U.S.Patent 5,1998:710-721.
[8]Garotta R.Simultaneous recording of several Vibroseis seismiclines.45th Eur.Assn.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,35;and 53rd Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Explor.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1983:308-310.
[9]Womack J E,Cruz J R,Ridgon H K,et al.Encoding techniquesfor multiple source point seismic data acquisition.Geophysics,1990,55(10):1389-1396.
[10]Howe D,Foster M,Allen T,et al.Independent simultaneoussweeping a method to increase the productivity of land seismiccrews.78rd Annual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts,2008:2826-2830.
[11]Beasley C J,Chambers R E,Jiang Z.A new look at simultaneoussources.68rd Annual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts,1998:25-28.
[12]Spitz S,Hampson G,Pica A,et al.Simultaneous sourceseparation:a prediction-subtraction approach.78rd AnnualInternational Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2008:2811-2815.
[13]Chiu S K,Shaw S A,Eick P M,et al.Validating land dataquality of simultaneous multiple vibrator acquisition.79rdAnnual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2009:26-30.
[14]Hampson G,Stefani J,Herkenhoff F.Acquisition usingsimultaneous sources.The Leading Edge,2008,27:918-923.
[15]邵秀民,蓝志凌.非均匀各向同性弹性介质中地震波传播的数值模拟.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊),39-55.Shao X M,Lan Z L.Numerical simulation of the seismic wavepropagation in inhomogeneous isotropic elastic media.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),1995,38(S1):39-55.
[16]董良国,马在田,曹景中等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法.地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.Dong L G,Ma Z T,Cao J Z,et al.A staggered grid highordered difference method of one-order elastic wave equation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(3):411-419.
[17]Krey T C.Attenuation of random noise by 2Dand 3DCDPstacking and Kirchhoff migration.Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35(2):135-147.
[18]Lynn W,Doyle M,Larner K,et al.Experimental investigationof interference from other seismic crews.Geophysics,1987,52(11):1501-1524.
[19]Howe D,Foster M,Allen T,et al.Independent simultaneousin Libya-full scale implementation and new developments.79rd Annual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts,2009:109-111.
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