近地表Q值模型建立方法及其地震叠前补偿应用
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摘要
高分辨率地震成像是松辽盆地中浅层砂岩-泥岩薄互层地质条件下储层识别与描述的基础,而近地表疏松介质引起的地震波衰减与频散,极大降低了地震分辨率。依据松辽盆地的近地表结构特征及其对地震波的衰减特性,提出了利用近地表调查资料与地震初至波幅值建立空变Q值模型的方法,并依此为基础发展了叠前地震数据近地表吸收振幅补偿与相位校正方法,来提高地震成像的分辨率。多个三维地震工区的处理结果证实,该方法具有展宽地震频带、保持相对振幅关系以及叠前压制低频噪声的优势,与常规处理成果相比,能够在保持地震低频成分的前提下展宽频带约10 Hz,为储层研究与水平井部署提供了高品质地震数据。
The high-resolution seismic imaging is a fundamental technology for reservoir identification and description in the mediumshallow strata of Songliao Basin under the condition of thin sand-shale inter-bed.However,seismic resolution is severely reduced due to seismic wave attenuation and dispersion caused by loose near-surface media.In this study,according to the near-surface structure characteristics and its attenuation effect on seismic wave in Songliao Basin,a method for building space-variant Qvalue model was put forward using the near-surface survey data and amplitude of seismic first break.On this basis,a method was established through the combination of near-surface absorption amplitude compensation and phase correction on pre-stack seismic data to improve the resolution of seismic imaging.The survey results of multiple 3D seismic work areas prove that this method has such advantages as broadening seismic band,maintaining relative amplitude relations and pre-stack low-frequency noise suppressing.Compared with conventional processing results,this method can be used to broaden the band up to about 10 Hz on the premise of maintaining seismic low-frequency component,providing high-quality seismic data for reservoir research and horizontal well deployment.
The high-resolution seismic imaging is a fundamental technology for reservoir identification and description in the mediumshallow strata of Songliao Basin under the condition of thin sand-shale inter-bed.However,seismic resolution is severely reduced due to seismic wave attenuation and dispersion caused by loose near-surface media.In this study,according to the near-surface structure characteristics and its attenuation effect on seismic wave in Songliao Basin,a method for building space-variant Qvalue model was put forward using the near-surface survey data and amplitude of seismic first break.On this basis,a method was established through the combination of near-surface absorption amplitude compensation and phase correction on pre-stack seismic data to improve the resolution of seismic imaging.The survey results of multiple 3D seismic work areas prove that this method has such advantages as broadening seismic band,maintaining relative amplitude relations and pre-stack low-frequency noise suppressing.Compared with conventional processing results,this method can be used to broaden the band up to about 10 Hz on the premise of maintaining seismic low-frequency component,providing high-quality seismic data for reservoir research and horizontal well deployment.
引文
[1]陈志德,关昕,李玲,等.数字检波器地震资料高保真宽频带处理技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(1):46-55.Chen Zhide,Guan Xin,Li Ling,et al.A processing method for high fidelity and wide frequency band seismic data collected by digital sensors[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(1):46-55.
[2]周发祥,宁鹏鹏,刘斌,等.吸收衰减对地震分辨率的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊2):84-87.Zhou Faxiang,Ning Pengpeng,Liu Bin,et al.Influence of attenuation by absorption on seismic resolution[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(S2):84-87.
[3]黄振凯,陈建平,王义军,等.松辽盆地白垩系青山口组泥岩微观孔隙特征[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):30-36.Huang Zhenkai,Chen Jianping,Wang Yijun,et al.Characteristics of micropores in mudstones of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,Songliao Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):30-36.
[4]王建民,陈树民,苏茂鑫,等.近地表高频补偿技术在三维地震勘探中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1837-1843.Wang Jianmin,Chen Shumin,Su Maoxin,et al.A study of the near surface high-frequency compensation technology in3-D seismic exploration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(6):1837-1843.
[5]陈志德,初海红,刘津冶.长垣油田地震资料各向异性时差分析与校正[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):486-495.Chen Zhide,Chu Haihong,Liu Jinye.Analysis and correction of anisotropy azimuth time delay for seismic data in Changyuan oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):486-495.
[6]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:31-44.Li Qingzhong.The way to obtain a better resolution in seismic processing[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993:31-44.
[7]Wang Lingling,Gao Jinghuai,Zhao Wei,et al.Enhancing resolution of non-stationary seismic data by molecular-Gabor transform[J].Geophysics,2013,78(1):V31-V41.
[8]Wang Yanghua.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):657-663.
[9]Wang Yanghua.Quantifying the effectiveness of stabilized inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):337-345.
[10]Wang Yanghua.Inverse Q-filter for seismic resolution enhancement[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3):V51-V60.
[11]Hargreaves N D,Calvert A J.Inverse Q filtering by Fourier transform[J].Geophysics,1991,56(4):519-527.
[12]Hargreaves N D.Similarity and the inverse Q filter:Some simple algorithms for inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysics,1992,57(5):944-947.
[13]安世敬一,理查兹P G.定量地震学(第一卷)[M].李钦祖,邹其嘉,译.北京:地震出版社,1987:184-202.Aki K,Richards,P G.Quantitative seismology theory and methods[M].translate by Li Qingzhu,Zou Qijia.Beijing:Seismological Press,1987:184-202.
[14]Hale D.Q-adaptive deconvolution[M].Stanford?:Stanford Exploration Project,1982,30:133-158.
[15]Kjartansson E.Constant Q wave propagation and attenuation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1979,84(B9):4737-4748.
[16]杨文采.岩石的粘弹性谐振Q模型[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(4):399-411.Yang Wencai.A resonance Q model for viscoelstic rocks[J].Acta Geophysics Sinica,1987,30(4):399-411.
[17]Tonn R.the determination of the seismic quality factor Q from VSP data:a comparison of different computational methods[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1991,39(1):1-27.
[18]Dasgupta R,Clarkz R A.Estimation of Q from surface seismic reflection data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(6):2120-2128.
[19]Hackert C L,Parra J O.Improving Q estimation from seismic reflection data using well log-based localized spectral correction[J].Geophysics,2004,69(6):1521-1529.
[20]Cavalca M I,Moore L,Zhang S L,et al.Ray-based tomography for Q estimation and Q compensation in complex media[M]∥Society of Exploration Geophysicists.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2011.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2011:3989-3992.
[21]Zhang Jianfeng,Wu Jizhong,Li Xueying.Compensation for absorption and dispersion in prestack migration:an effective Q approach[J].Geophysics,2013,78(1):S1-S14.
[22]Shi Zhanjie,Tian Gang,Wang Bangbing,et al.Near surface absorption compensation technology and its application in the Daqing Oilfields[J].Applied Geophysics,2009,6(2):184-191.
[23]于承业,周志才.利用双井微测井资料估算近地表Q值[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(1):89-92.Yu Chengye,Zhou Zhicai.Estimation of near surface Q value based on the datasets of the uphole survey in double hole[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(1):89-92.
[24]Quan Youli,Harris J M.Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):895-905.
[25]Yilmaz O.Seismic data analysis:processing,inversion,and interpretation of seismic data[M].Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2001.
[26]李合群,孟小红,赵波.地震数据Q吸收补偿应用研究.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):190-195.Li Hequn,Meng Xiaohong,Zhao Bo.Application studies on Q absorption and compensation for seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(2):190-195.
[27]Futterman W I.Seismic wave attenuation[M].Geophysics reprint series,Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1962,2:405-417.
[2]周发祥,宁鹏鹏,刘斌,等.吸收衰减对地震分辨率的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊2):84-87.Zhou Faxiang,Ning Pengpeng,Liu Bin,et al.Influence of attenuation by absorption on seismic resolution[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(S2):84-87.
[3]黄振凯,陈建平,王义军,等.松辽盆地白垩系青山口组泥岩微观孔隙特征[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):30-36.Huang Zhenkai,Chen Jianping,Wang Yijun,et al.Characteristics of micropores in mudstones of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,Songliao Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):30-36.
[4]王建民,陈树民,苏茂鑫,等.近地表高频补偿技术在三维地震勘探中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1837-1843.Wang Jianmin,Chen Shumin,Su Maoxin,et al.A study of the near surface high-frequency compensation technology in3-D seismic exploration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(6):1837-1843.
[5]陈志德,初海红,刘津冶.长垣油田地震资料各向异性时差分析与校正[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):486-495.Chen Zhide,Chu Haihong,Liu Jinye.Analysis and correction of anisotropy azimuth time delay for seismic data in Changyuan oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):486-495.
[6]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:31-44.Li Qingzhong.The way to obtain a better resolution in seismic processing[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993:31-44.
[7]Wang Lingling,Gao Jinghuai,Zhao Wei,et al.Enhancing resolution of non-stationary seismic data by molecular-Gabor transform[J].Geophysics,2013,78(1):V31-V41.
[8]Wang Yanghua.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):657-663.
[9]Wang Yanghua.Quantifying the effectiveness of stabilized inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):337-345.
[10]Wang Yanghua.Inverse Q-filter for seismic resolution enhancement[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3):V51-V60.
[11]Hargreaves N D,Calvert A J.Inverse Q filtering by Fourier transform[J].Geophysics,1991,56(4):519-527.
[12]Hargreaves N D.Similarity and the inverse Q filter:Some simple algorithms for inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysics,1992,57(5):944-947.
[13]安世敬一,理查兹P G.定量地震学(第一卷)[M].李钦祖,邹其嘉,译.北京:地震出版社,1987:184-202.Aki K,Richards,P G.Quantitative seismology theory and methods[M].translate by Li Qingzhu,Zou Qijia.Beijing:Seismological Press,1987:184-202.
[14]Hale D.Q-adaptive deconvolution[M].Stanford?:Stanford Exploration Project,1982,30:133-158.
[15]Kjartansson E.Constant Q wave propagation and attenuation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1979,84(B9):4737-4748.
[16]杨文采.岩石的粘弹性谐振Q模型[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(4):399-411.Yang Wencai.A resonance Q model for viscoelstic rocks[J].Acta Geophysics Sinica,1987,30(4):399-411.
[17]Tonn R.the determination of the seismic quality factor Q from VSP data:a comparison of different computational methods[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1991,39(1):1-27.
[18]Dasgupta R,Clarkz R A.Estimation of Q from surface seismic reflection data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(6):2120-2128.
[19]Hackert C L,Parra J O.Improving Q estimation from seismic reflection data using well log-based localized spectral correction[J].Geophysics,2004,69(6):1521-1529.
[20]Cavalca M I,Moore L,Zhang S L,et al.Ray-based tomography for Q estimation and Q compensation in complex media[M]∥Society of Exploration Geophysicists.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2011.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2011:3989-3992.
[21]Zhang Jianfeng,Wu Jizhong,Li Xueying.Compensation for absorption and dispersion in prestack migration:an effective Q approach[J].Geophysics,2013,78(1):S1-S14.
[22]Shi Zhanjie,Tian Gang,Wang Bangbing,et al.Near surface absorption compensation technology and its application in the Daqing Oilfields[J].Applied Geophysics,2009,6(2):184-191.
[23]于承业,周志才.利用双井微测井资料估算近地表Q值[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(1):89-92.Yu Chengye,Zhou Zhicai.Estimation of near surface Q value based on the datasets of the uphole survey in double hole[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(1):89-92.
[24]Quan Youli,Harris J M.Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):895-905.
[25]Yilmaz O.Seismic data analysis:processing,inversion,and interpretation of seismic data[M].Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2001.
[26]李合群,孟小红,赵波.地震数据Q吸收补偿应用研究.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):190-195.Li Hequn,Meng Xiaohong,Zhao Bo.Application studies on Q absorption and compensation for seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(2):190-195.
[27]Futterman W I.Seismic wave attenuation[M].Geophysics reprint series,Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1962,2:405-417.
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