斜坡水-岩化学作用问题
|
摘要
在滑坡发育的温湿气候地区,水-岩化学作用(CWRI)普遍存在于陆源碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩及浅变质岩等构成的各类斜坡岩体中。CWRI的累积效应在引起介质损伤渐进性加剧的同时,矿物、岩石及岩体结构、变形行为、强度及水力学特性等也将随之发生多方面的深刻变化;CWRI对滑坡孕育的贡献是显著的;在许多情况下,它是暴雨(地震)得以诱发滑坡的重要基础。尽管斜坡CWRI已经引起部分学者的关注并已在某些方面取得一定进展,但对它的认识程度依然是较低的。需要进一步研究的问题包括CWRI过程的水量供给、空间域及其扩展的结构与组分控制机理、低渗透岩块中地下水及化学组分的贮存运移规律、液相组分增量的矿物来源与差异贡献、斜坡岩土体对CWRI的综合时效响应及其对后续CWRI规模与进程的反向驱动等。
In humid-tropical and landslide-prone regions,chemical water-rock interaction (CWRI) takes place in various slopes made up of different bedrocks. CWRI can give rise to the progressive aggravation of different initial damages in slopes and the structure,and the mechanical and hydraulic characteristics of mineral,rock and rockmass will all change with CWRI progress. Under many cases,CWRI is the important basis for rainfall or earthquake to trigger landslide events. Despite some attention received and preliminary improvements,the fundamental mechanisms of CWRI have yet to be established. A thorough understanding of CWRI will contribute to landslide mitigation and prediction. The problems necessary to study further include CWRI space,mechanism of water supplying and chemical-mineral relation of CWRI process,the transport theories of water and aqueous matter in low permeable rock,CWRI space spreading,the contribution to landslide preparation process,and so on.
In humid-tropical and landslide-prone regions,chemical water-rock interaction (CWRI) takes place in various slopes made up of different bedrocks. CWRI can give rise to the progressive aggravation of different initial damages in slopes and the structure,and the mechanical and hydraulic characteristics of mineral,rock and rockmass will all change with CWRI progress. Under many cases,CWRI is the important basis for rainfall or earthquake to trigger landslide events. Despite some attention received and preliminary improvements,the fundamental mechanisms of CWRI have yet to be established. A thorough understanding of CWRI will contribute to landslide mitigation and prediction. The problems necessary to study further include CWRI space,mechanism of water supplying and chemical-mineral relation of CWRI process,the transport theories of water and aqueous matter in low permeable rock,CWRI space spreading,the contribution to landslide preparation process,and so on.
引文
1李天斌,陈明东,王兰生.滑坡实时跟踪预报[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1999
2张咸恭,王思敬,张倬元等.中国工程地质学[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
3张倬元,刘汉超.地下采掘环境效应的一个特殊实例——韩城电厂地基隆起机制及其控制措施[J].地学前缘,2001,8(2):285～295
4王思敬.地球内外动力耦合作用与重大地质灾害的成因初探[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(2):115～117
5刘继山.岩体水力学分析初探[J].勘察科学技术,1987,(5):26～31
6ReidM E.,NielsenH P,DreissS J.Hydraulic factors triggering a shallow hillslope failure[J].Bulletin of theAssociation ofEngineeringGeologists,1988,25(3):349～361
7王恭先,李天池.我国滑坡研究的回顾与展望[A].见:《滑坡论文选集》编辑委员会编.一九八七年全国滑坡学术讨论会滑坡论文选集[C].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1989,1～10
8仵彦卿,张倬元.岩体水力学导论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1995
9SchusterR L,LynnM H.Socioeconomic impacts of landslides in the western hemisphere[R].U.S.GeologicalSurveyOpen-FileReport01-9276,2001
10沈照理.应该继续重视与开展水-岩相互作用的研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1997,(4):16～20
11TothJ.Groundwater as a geologic agent:an overview of the causes,processes,and manifestations[J].HydrogeologyJournal,1999,7(1):1～14
12沈照理,王焰新.水-岩相互作用研究的回顾与展望.地球科学——中国地质大学学报[J].2002,27(2):127～133
13仵彦卿.地下水与地质灾害[J].地下空间,1999,19(4):303～310,316
14蔡美峰.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002,481～482.
15王思敬,马凤山,杜永廉.水库地区的水-岩作用及其地质环境影响[J].工程地质学报,1996,4(3):1～9
16王士天,刘汉超,张悼元等.大型水域水-岩相互作用及其环境效应研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1997,8(1):69～89
17陈洪凯,艾南山.岩石边坡中地下水压力的基本特性及作用[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1998,34(4):171～175
18谢守益,徐卫亚.降雨诱发滑坡机制研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1999,32(1):21～23
19SchuilingR D.Geochemical engineering:some thoughts on a new research field[J].AppliedGeochemistry,1990,5:251～262
20ProkopovichN P.Geochemistry in engineering geology[J].Bulletin of theAssociation ofEngineeringGeologists,1988,25:269～276
21VoronkevichS D.工程地球化学的现代问题[J].刘言成摘译.地质科技动态,1993,(7):16～20
22VoronkevichS D.Engineering geochemistry:problem and applications[J].AppliedGeochemistry,1994,9:553～559
23LiKuanliang,XuZemin,LianHuiqing,et al.The principle and methods of environment geochemical engineering[A].In:HeZhenhua,HuangRunqiu ed.Proc. of theInternationalSymposium onEngineering andEnvironmentalGeophysicsHeld inChengdu[C].Chengdu:SichuanPublishingHouse ofScience andTechnology,1997,46～52
24汤连生,王思敬.水-岩化学作用对岩体变形破坏力学效应研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(5):433～439
25周翠英,彭泽英,尚伟等.论岩土工程中水-岩相互作用研究的焦点问题——特殊软岩的力学变异性[J].岩土力学,2002,23(1):124～128
26鼠琰觇龛.负载状态下溶解作用对不同成因岩石强度的影响[J].赵惠珍译.地质科技译丛,1997,14(2):61～64
27汤连生,张鹏程,王思敬.水-岩化学作用的岩石宏观力学效应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(4):526～531
28陈四利,冯夏庭,李邵军.化学腐蚀对黄河小浪底砂岩力学特性的影响[J].岩土力学,2002,21(3):284～287,296～296
29冯夏庭,王川婴,陈四利.受环境侵蚀的岩石细观破坏过程试验与实时监测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(7):935～939
30汤连生,张鹏程.水化学损伤对岩石弹性模量的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2000,39(5):126～128
31钟孚勋,贺伟,贺承祖等.砂岩酸化反应的微观机理研究[J].天然气工业,2000,20(2):64～66
32KarfakisM G,AkramM.Effect of chemical solution on rock fracture[J].Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,1993,30(7):1253～1259
33DunningJ,DouglasB,MillerM,et al.The role of the chemical environment in frictional deformation:stress corrosion cracking and comminution[J].Pure andAppliedGeophysics,1994,143(1～3):151～178
34冯夏庭,赖户政宏.化学环境侵蚀下的岩石破裂特性第一部分:试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(4):403～407
35汤连生,张鹏程,王思敬.水-岩化学作用之岩石断裂力学效应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):822～827
36彭满华,刘东燕,汪东云.受污染土体滑坡破坏的微观机理初探[J].地下空间,2000,20(4):259～275
37赵宇,何淑芬,崔鹏.用固体力学化学理论研究岩土的力学化学行为——以成都龙泉紫色土为例[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(2):70～74
38吴恒,张信贵,易念平等.水土作用与土体细观结构研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):199～204
39陈钢林,周仁德.水对受力岩石变形破坏宏观力学效应的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(3):335～342
40韩庆之,梁杏,曾克峰等.碳酸盐岩可溶性室内研究[J].地质科技情报,1998,17(增2):101～105
41王磊,李萼雄.红层边坡风化过程的化学分析[J].成都科技大学学报,1996,94(6):61～66
42ChigiraM,NakamotoM,NakataE.Weathering mechanisms and their effects on the landsliding of ignimbrite subject to vapor-phase crystallization in theShirakawa pyroclastic flow,northernJapan[J].EngineeringGeology,2002,66(1/2):111～125
43ShuzuiH.Process of slip-surface development and formation of slip-surface clay in landslides inTertiary volcanic rocks,Japan[J].EngineeringGeology,2001,61(4):199～220
44汤连生,周萃英.渗透与水化学作用之受力岩体的破坏机理[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1996,35(6):95～100
45GuglielmiY,VengeonJ M,BertrandC,et al.Hydrogeochemistry:an investigation tool to evaluate infiltration into large moving rock masses(case study ofLaClapiere andSechilienne alpine land- slides)[J].Bulletin ofEngineeringGeology and theEnvironment,2002,61:311～324
46晏鄂川,张倬元,刘汉超.某滑坡区地下水起源及形成机制[J].山地研究,1998,16(1):42～46
47周平根,马和平,鲜文凯.大型滑坡地下水系统的概念模型——以长江三峡库区宝塔滑坡为例[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(2):186～190
48PlummerL N.Defining reaction and mass transfer in parts of the floridan aquifer[J].WaterResourcesResearch,1977,13(5):801～812,
49PlummerL N,BackW.The mass balance approach:application to interpreting the chemical evolution of hydrological systems[J].AmericanJournal ofScience,1980,280:130～142
50PlummerL N,BusbyJ F,LeeR W,et al.Geochemical modeling of theMadison aquifer in parts ofMontanaWyoming andSouthDakota[J].WaterResourcesResearch,1993,26(9):1981～2104
51KatzB G,PlummerL N,BusenbergE,et al.Chemical evolution of groundwater near a sinkhole lake,NorthernFlorida[J].WaterResourcesResearch,1995,31(6):1565～1584
52PlummerL N,SprinkleC L.Radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater from confined parts of theUpperFloridanAquifer,Florida,USA[J].HydrogeologyJournal,2001,9(2):127～150
53曾溅辉.地下水地球化学模拟[J].地质论评,1993,39(6):490～495
54赵军,高世扬.水溶液体系的化学平衡模型[J].地球科学进展,1994,9(5):32～37
55JankowskiJ,AcworthR I.Impact of debris-flow deposits on hydrogeochemical processes and the developement of dryland salinity in theYassRiver catchment,NewSouthWales,Australia[J].HydrogeologyJournal,1997,5(4):71～88
56王东胜,沈照理.石家庄平原地下水化学演化的质量平衡模拟[J].地质论评,1997,43(4):434～440
57FoosA.Geochemical modeling of coal mine drainage,SummitCounty,Ohio[J].EnvironmentalGeology,1997,31(3/4):205～210
58王广才,陶澍,沈照理等.平顶山矿区地下水水文地球化学模拟及其应用[J].中国科学(D辑),1998,28(3):245～249
59ToranL E,SaundersJ A.Modeling alternative paths of chemical evolution ofNa-HCO3-type groundwater nearOakRidge,Tennessee,USA[J].HydrogeologyJournal,1999,7(4):355～364
60王广才,陶澍.水-岩化学平衡模拟中误差传递及灵敏度分析[J].水文地质工程地质,1999,(6):31～34
61郑西来,邱汉学,陈友媛.地下水系统环境地球化学反应模型研究[J].地学前缘,2001,8(3):192～192
62SracekO,HirataR.Geochemical and stable isotopic evolution of theGuaraniAquiferSystem in the state ofSaoPaulo,Brazil[J].HydrogeologyJournal,2002,10:643～655
63OzdemirA,NalbantcilarM T.The investigation of mass transfer in the karasu karstic aquifer,Konya,Turkey[J].HydrogeologyJournal,2002,10:656～661
64ZhengX l,BalkeK D,ArmannssonH,et al.A developed technique for calculating the mass transfer between contaminated groundwater and porous media[J].EnvironmentalGeology,2002,42:982～988
65TsidziK E N.An engineering geological approach to road cutting slope design inGhana[J].Geotechnical andGeologicalEngineering,1997,15(1):31～45
66黄润秋.岩石高边坡的时效变形分析及其工程地质意义[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(2):148～153
67ForlatiF,GiodaG,ScaviaC.Finite element analysis of a deep-seated slope deformation[J].RockMechanics andRockEngineering,2001,34(2):135～159
68徐平,杨挺青,徐春敏等.三峡船闸高边坡岩体时效特性及长期稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):163～168
69MalanD F.Time-dependent behaviour of deep level tabular excavations in hard rock[J].RockMechanics andRockEngineering,1999,32(2):123～155
70许中坚,李克斌,刘广深等.通径系数法分析中国酸雨中主要离子与pH值的关系[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,2002,17(2):45～48
71杨宗慧.我国酸雨状况和对策[J].云南环境科学,2002,21(1):25～26
72潘兆橹.结晶学及矿物学[M].北京:地质出版社,1993
73任磊夫.粘土矿物与粘土岩[M].北京:地质出版社,1992
74徐则民,杨立中,黄润秋.路基边坡水-岩相互作用机理及病害防治[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2000
75王世杰,孙承兴,冯志刚等.发育完整的灰岩风化壳及其矿物学与地球化学特征[J].矿物学报,2002,22(1):19～29
76FrenkelH,JevyG J.Clay dispersion and hydraulic conductivity of clay-sand mixture as affected by addition of various anions[J].Clays&ClayMineral,1992,40(5):515～521
77HawkinsA B,McConnellB J.Sensitivity of sandstone strength and deformability to changes in moisture content[J].QuarterlyJournal ofEngineeringGeology,1992,25(1):115～130
78KirkP A,CampbellS D G,F1etcherC J N.香港滑坡中原生火山组构和粘土分布状态的意义[J].广东地质,1998,13(1):61～70
79刘红星,王小平,王小波.三峡库区水平层状岩体滑坡特征及稳定性分析[J].人民长江,2002,33(5):18～220
80HanorJ S.Effective hydraulic conductivity of fractured clay beds at a hazardous waste landfill,LouisianaGulfCoast[J].WaterResourcesResearch,1993,29:3691～3698,
81OmidiG H,ThomasJ C,BrownK W.Effect ofDesiccationCracking on theHydraulicConductivity of aCompactedClayLiner[J].Water,Air andSoilPollution,1996,89(1,2):91～103
82费美高,许模,刘小燕等.成都粘土中特征污染因子的迁移规律和铅、铬的污染预测[J].成都理工学院学报,1997,24(增):22～29
2张咸恭,王思敬,张倬元等.中国工程地质学[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
3张倬元,刘汉超.地下采掘环境效应的一个特殊实例——韩城电厂地基隆起机制及其控制措施[J].地学前缘,2001,8(2):285～295
4王思敬.地球内外动力耦合作用与重大地质灾害的成因初探[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(2):115～117
5刘继山.岩体水力学分析初探[J].勘察科学技术,1987,(5):26～31
6ReidM E.,NielsenH P,DreissS J.Hydraulic factors triggering a shallow hillslope failure[J].Bulletin of theAssociation ofEngineeringGeologists,1988,25(3):349～361
7王恭先,李天池.我国滑坡研究的回顾与展望[A].见:《滑坡论文选集》编辑委员会编.一九八七年全国滑坡学术讨论会滑坡论文选集[C].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1989,1～10
8仵彦卿,张倬元.岩体水力学导论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1995
9SchusterR L,LynnM H.Socioeconomic impacts of landslides in the western hemisphere[R].U.S.GeologicalSurveyOpen-FileReport01-9276,2001
10沈照理.应该继续重视与开展水-岩相互作用的研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1997,(4):16～20
11TothJ.Groundwater as a geologic agent:an overview of the causes,processes,and manifestations[J].HydrogeologyJournal,1999,7(1):1～14
12沈照理,王焰新.水-岩相互作用研究的回顾与展望.地球科学——中国地质大学学报[J].2002,27(2):127～133
13仵彦卿.地下水与地质灾害[J].地下空间,1999,19(4):303～310,316
14蔡美峰.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002,481～482.
15王思敬,马凤山,杜永廉.水库地区的水-岩作用及其地质环境影响[J].工程地质学报,1996,4(3):1～9
16王士天,刘汉超,张悼元等.大型水域水-岩相互作用及其环境效应研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1997,8(1):69～89
17陈洪凯,艾南山.岩石边坡中地下水压力的基本特性及作用[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1998,34(4):171～175
18谢守益,徐卫亚.降雨诱发滑坡机制研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1999,32(1):21～23
19SchuilingR D.Geochemical engineering:some thoughts on a new research field[J].AppliedGeochemistry,1990,5:251～262
20ProkopovichN P.Geochemistry in engineering geology[J].Bulletin of theAssociation ofEngineeringGeologists,1988,25:269～276
21VoronkevichS D.工程地球化学的现代问题[J].刘言成摘译.地质科技动态,1993,(7):16～20
22VoronkevichS D.Engineering geochemistry:problem and applications[J].AppliedGeochemistry,1994,9:553～559
23LiKuanliang,XuZemin,LianHuiqing,et al.The principle and methods of environment geochemical engineering[A].In:HeZhenhua,HuangRunqiu ed.Proc. of theInternationalSymposium onEngineering andEnvironmentalGeophysicsHeld inChengdu[C].Chengdu:SichuanPublishingHouse ofScience andTechnology,1997,46～52
24汤连生,王思敬.水-岩化学作用对岩体变形破坏力学效应研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(5):433～439
25周翠英,彭泽英,尚伟等.论岩土工程中水-岩相互作用研究的焦点问题——特殊软岩的力学变异性[J].岩土力学,2002,23(1):124～128
26鼠琰觇龛.负载状态下溶解作用对不同成因岩石强度的影响[J].赵惠珍译.地质科技译丛,1997,14(2):61～64
27汤连生,张鹏程,王思敬.水-岩化学作用的岩石宏观力学效应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(4):526～531
28陈四利,冯夏庭,李邵军.化学腐蚀对黄河小浪底砂岩力学特性的影响[J].岩土力学,2002,21(3):284～287,296～296
29冯夏庭,王川婴,陈四利.受环境侵蚀的岩石细观破坏过程试验与实时监测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(7):935～939
30汤连生,张鹏程.水化学损伤对岩石弹性模量的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2000,39(5):126～128
31钟孚勋,贺伟,贺承祖等.砂岩酸化反应的微观机理研究[J].天然气工业,2000,20(2):64～66
32KarfakisM G,AkramM.Effect of chemical solution on rock fracture[J].Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,1993,30(7):1253～1259
33DunningJ,DouglasB,MillerM,et al.The role of the chemical environment in frictional deformation:stress corrosion cracking and comminution[J].Pure andAppliedGeophysics,1994,143(1～3):151～178
34冯夏庭,赖户政宏.化学环境侵蚀下的岩石破裂特性第一部分:试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(4):403～407
35汤连生,张鹏程,王思敬.水-岩化学作用之岩石断裂力学效应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):822～827
36彭满华,刘东燕,汪东云.受污染土体滑坡破坏的微观机理初探[J].地下空间,2000,20(4):259～275
37赵宇,何淑芬,崔鹏.用固体力学化学理论研究岩土的力学化学行为——以成都龙泉紫色土为例[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(2):70～74
38吴恒,张信贵,易念平等.水土作用与土体细观结构研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):199～204
39陈钢林,周仁德.水对受力岩石变形破坏宏观力学效应的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(3):335～342
40韩庆之,梁杏,曾克峰等.碳酸盐岩可溶性室内研究[J].地质科技情报,1998,17(增2):101～105
41王磊,李萼雄.红层边坡风化过程的化学分析[J].成都科技大学学报,1996,94(6):61～66
42ChigiraM,NakamotoM,NakataE.Weathering mechanisms and their effects on the landsliding of ignimbrite subject to vapor-phase crystallization in theShirakawa pyroclastic flow,northernJapan[J].EngineeringGeology,2002,66(1/2):111～125
43ShuzuiH.Process of slip-surface development and formation of slip-surface clay in landslides inTertiary volcanic rocks,Japan[J].EngineeringGeology,2001,61(4):199～220
44汤连生,周萃英.渗透与水化学作用之受力岩体的破坏机理[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1996,35(6):95～100
45GuglielmiY,VengeonJ M,BertrandC,et al.Hydrogeochemistry:an investigation tool to evaluate infiltration into large moving rock masses(case study ofLaClapiere andSechilienne alpine land- slides)[J].Bulletin ofEngineeringGeology and theEnvironment,2002,61:311～324
46晏鄂川,张倬元,刘汉超.某滑坡区地下水起源及形成机制[J].山地研究,1998,16(1):42～46
47周平根,马和平,鲜文凯.大型滑坡地下水系统的概念模型——以长江三峡库区宝塔滑坡为例[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(2):186～190
48PlummerL N.Defining reaction and mass transfer in parts of the floridan aquifer[J].WaterResourcesResearch,1977,13(5):801～812,
49PlummerL N,BackW.The mass balance approach:application to interpreting the chemical evolution of hydrological systems[J].AmericanJournal ofScience,1980,280:130～142
50PlummerL N,BusbyJ F,LeeR W,et al.Geochemical modeling of theMadison aquifer in parts ofMontanaWyoming andSouthDakota[J].WaterResourcesResearch,1993,26(9):1981～2104
51KatzB G,PlummerL N,BusenbergE,et al.Chemical evolution of groundwater near a sinkhole lake,NorthernFlorida[J].WaterResourcesResearch,1995,31(6):1565～1584
52PlummerL N,SprinkleC L.Radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater from confined parts of theUpperFloridanAquifer,Florida,USA[J].HydrogeologyJournal,2001,9(2):127～150
53曾溅辉.地下水地球化学模拟[J].地质论评,1993,39(6):490～495
54赵军,高世扬.水溶液体系的化学平衡模型[J].地球科学进展,1994,9(5):32～37
55JankowskiJ,AcworthR I.Impact of debris-flow deposits on hydrogeochemical processes and the developement of dryland salinity in theYassRiver catchment,NewSouthWales,Australia[J].HydrogeologyJournal,1997,5(4):71～88
56王东胜,沈照理.石家庄平原地下水化学演化的质量平衡模拟[J].地质论评,1997,43(4):434～440
57FoosA.Geochemical modeling of coal mine drainage,SummitCounty,Ohio[J].EnvironmentalGeology,1997,31(3/4):205～210
58王广才,陶澍,沈照理等.平顶山矿区地下水水文地球化学模拟及其应用[J].中国科学(D辑),1998,28(3):245～249
59ToranL E,SaundersJ A.Modeling alternative paths of chemical evolution ofNa-HCO3-type groundwater nearOakRidge,Tennessee,USA[J].HydrogeologyJournal,1999,7(4):355～364
60王广才,陶澍.水-岩化学平衡模拟中误差传递及灵敏度分析[J].水文地质工程地质,1999,(6):31～34
61郑西来,邱汉学,陈友媛.地下水系统环境地球化学反应模型研究[J].地学前缘,2001,8(3):192～192
62SracekO,HirataR.Geochemical and stable isotopic evolution of theGuaraniAquiferSystem in the state ofSaoPaulo,Brazil[J].HydrogeologyJournal,2002,10:643～655
63OzdemirA,NalbantcilarM T.The investigation of mass transfer in the karasu karstic aquifer,Konya,Turkey[J].HydrogeologyJournal,2002,10:656～661
64ZhengX l,BalkeK D,ArmannssonH,et al.A developed technique for calculating the mass transfer between contaminated groundwater and porous media[J].EnvironmentalGeology,2002,42:982～988
65TsidziK E N.An engineering geological approach to road cutting slope design inGhana[J].Geotechnical andGeologicalEngineering,1997,15(1):31～45
66黄润秋.岩石高边坡的时效变形分析及其工程地质意义[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(2):148～153
67ForlatiF,GiodaG,ScaviaC.Finite element analysis of a deep-seated slope deformation[J].RockMechanics andRockEngineering,2001,34(2):135～159
68徐平,杨挺青,徐春敏等.三峡船闸高边坡岩体时效特性及长期稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):163～168
69MalanD F.Time-dependent behaviour of deep level tabular excavations in hard rock[J].RockMechanics andRockEngineering,1999,32(2):123～155
70许中坚,李克斌,刘广深等.通径系数法分析中国酸雨中主要离子与pH值的关系[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,2002,17(2):45～48
71杨宗慧.我国酸雨状况和对策[J].云南环境科学,2002,21(1):25～26
72潘兆橹.结晶学及矿物学[M].北京:地质出版社,1993
73任磊夫.粘土矿物与粘土岩[M].北京:地质出版社,1992
74徐则民,杨立中,黄润秋.路基边坡水-岩相互作用机理及病害防治[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2000
75王世杰,孙承兴,冯志刚等.发育完整的灰岩风化壳及其矿物学与地球化学特征[J].矿物学报,2002,22(1):19～29
76FrenkelH,JevyG J.Clay dispersion and hydraulic conductivity of clay-sand mixture as affected by addition of various anions[J].Clays&ClayMineral,1992,40(5):515～521
77HawkinsA B,McConnellB J.Sensitivity of sandstone strength and deformability to changes in moisture content[J].QuarterlyJournal ofEngineeringGeology,1992,25(1):115～130
78KirkP A,CampbellS D G,F1etcherC J N.香港滑坡中原生火山组构和粘土分布状态的意义[J].广东地质,1998,13(1):61～70
79刘红星,王小平,王小波.三峡库区水平层状岩体滑坡特征及稳定性分析[J].人民长江,2002,33(5):18～220
80HanorJ S.Effective hydraulic conductivity of fractured clay beds at a hazardous waste landfill,LouisianaGulfCoast[J].WaterResourcesResearch,1993,29:3691～3698,
81OmidiG H,ThomasJ C,BrownK W.Effect ofDesiccationCracking on theHydraulicConductivity of aCompactedClayLiner[J].Water,Air andSoilPollution,1996,89(1,2):91～103
82费美高,许模,刘小燕等.成都粘土中特征污染因子的迁移规律和铅、铬的污染预测[J].成都理工学院学报,1997,24(增):22～29
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心