中国近海前第三纪残余盆地及其勘探潜力与方向
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摘要
中国近海前第三纪残余盆地主要分布于渤海、北黄海、南黄海、东海和南海北部海域 ,尚保存有效烃源岩的残余盆地分布面积近 36× 10 4 km2 ,涉及古生界和中生界两大勘探领域 ,具有盆地类型多样、成盆背景复杂、构造改造强烈的特点。中国近海前第三纪残余盆地存在古生界和中生界两套烃源层系 ,其中南海北部和东海发育T3(?)—J1+ 2 烃源岩 ,南黄海和渤海主要发育C—P烃源岩 ,北黄海发育J3—K1烃源岩。利用地震、重磁和钻井资料 ,参考海域周边区域地质资料和陆区具相同或相似构造背景盆地前第三系油气田资料 ,对中国近海前第三纪残余盆地的主要类型、原型盆地演化特征、关键石油地质条件以及油气勘探潜力等进行了分析。中国近海前第三纪残余盆地普遍经历了多期生排烃过程 ,保存条件是制约其油气发现和勘探潜力的关键。中国近海前第三纪残余盆地“自生自储”型油气藏勘探开发风险整体较大 ,但如果立足“多源兼找、立体勘探”的指导思想 ,那么仍然存在一些值得探索的领域 :①以中生界“自生自储”型油气藏为主的探区———潮汕盆地和南黄海北部盆地 ;②以“新生古储”或“新生中储”型油气藏为主的探区———渤海和东海天台 钓北斜坡带。南黄海勿南沙隆起古生界原生油气藏的勘探 ,应以该区早中生代产生的对冲
In China, pre-Tertiary offshore remnant basins mainly exist in Bohai Bay, the northern Yellow Sea, the southern Yellow Sea, East China Sea and the northern South China Sea. These basins are nearly 36×10 4km 2 in effective source-rock distribution, have two major exploration domains(Paleozoic and Mesozoic), and are characterized by multiple basin types, complex basin-forming background and extensive tectonic reworking. There are two sets of source rocks, i.e.Paleozoic and Mesozoic source rock, in these basins, with T 3(?)—J 1+2 source rocks developed in the northern South China Sea and East China Sea, C—P source rocks in Bohai Bay and the southern Yellow Sea, and J 3—K 1 source rocks in the northern Yellow Sea. In combination with the regional geological data and the information from onshore pre-Tertiary oil & gas fields with similar tectonic setting, the offshore data of seismic, gravity-magnetic and drilling have been used to analyze main types, proto-basin evolution, key conditions of petroleum geology and exploration potential for these pre-Tertiary basins. These basins have experienced several periods of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and the key factor to control hydrocarbon discovery and exploration potential is preservation. The overall risk of exploration and development is quite high for the hydrocarbon accumulations of “self-source and self-reservoir” type in these basins, but some domains are still worth further exploration, given a guidance of “searching for all sources and prospecting stereoscopically”: (1) the Mesozoic domain dominated by the “self-source and self-reservoir” type of accumulations, including Chaoshan basin and the northern South Yellow Sea; (2) the domain dominated by the “Ceno-source and Paleo-reservoir” or“ Ceno-source and Meso-reservoir” types of accumulations, such as Bohai Bay and Tiantai—Diaobei slope in East China Sea. For the primary Paleozoic hydrocarbon accumulations on Wunansha uplift of the southern Yellow Sea, exploration should be focused on low relief anticlines with better seals, well-preserved traps and lower late faulting, which are in the core of a duplex synclinorium belt developed during early Mesozoic.
In China, pre-Tertiary offshore remnant basins mainly exist in Bohai Bay, the northern Yellow Sea, the southern Yellow Sea, East China Sea and the northern South China Sea. These basins are nearly 36×10 4km 2 in effective source-rock distribution, have two major exploration domains(Paleozoic and Mesozoic), and are characterized by multiple basin types, complex basin-forming background and extensive tectonic reworking. There are two sets of source rocks, i.e.Paleozoic and Mesozoic source rock, in these basins, with T 3(?)—J 1+2 source rocks developed in the northern South China Sea and East China Sea, C—P source rocks in Bohai Bay and the southern Yellow Sea, and J 3—K 1 source rocks in the northern Yellow Sea. In combination with the regional geological data and the information from onshore pre-Tertiary oil & gas fields with similar tectonic setting, the offshore data of seismic, gravity-magnetic and drilling have been used to analyze main types, proto-basin evolution, key conditions of petroleum geology and exploration potential for these pre-Tertiary basins. These basins have experienced several periods of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and the key factor to control hydrocarbon discovery and exploration potential is preservation. The overall risk of exploration and development is quite high for the hydrocarbon accumulations of “self-source and self-reservoir” type in these basins, but some domains are still worth further exploration, given a guidance of “searching for all sources and prospecting stereoscopically”: (1) the Mesozoic domain dominated by the “self-source and self-reservoir” type of accumulations, including Chaoshan basin and the northern South Yellow Sea; (2) the domain dominated by the “Ceno-source and Paleo-reservoir” or“ Ceno-source and Meso-reservoir” types of accumulations, such as Bohai Bay and Tiantai—Diaobei slope in East China Sea. For the primary Paleozoic hydrocarbon accumulations on Wunansha uplift of the southern Yellow Sea, exploration should be focused on low relief anticlines with better seals, well-preserved traps and lower late faulting, which are in the core of a duplex synclinorium belt developed during early Mesozoic.
引文
蔡东升,冯晓杰等.中国近海前第三系石油地质条件及勘探潜力分析.2002
陆克政,漆家福等.华北及江淮深层构造地质研究.1999
1)周祖翼等.中国东部陆上与近海前第三纪盆地充填结构、地层分布和构造演化特征的类比研究.2002
1)周祖翼等.中国东部陆上与近海前第三纪盆地充填结构、地层分布和构造演化特征的类比研究.2002
1)李友川.中国近海及邻区中、古生界烃源岩生烃潜力对比研究.2001
1)叶加仁等.中国近海前第三纪残余盆地及油气远景研究.2001
赖万忠等.朝鲜油气与西湾盆地勘探.2000
陈安定等.江苏海相中、古生界源岩二次生烃.江苏石油勘探与开发论文选编(No.11).2000
李友川.中国近海及邻区中、古生界烃源岩生烃潜力对比研究.2001
周祖翼等.中国东部陆上与近海前第三纪盆地充填结构、地层分布和构造演化特征的类比研究.2002
俞广等.南黄海南部盆地油气资源评价及勘探建议.2002
李友川.中国近海及邻区中、古生界烃源岩生烃潜力对比研究.2001
段九春.潮汕坳陷前第三系构造、沉积特征和有利勘探区带预测研究.2002
李友川.中国近海及邻区中、古生界烃源岩生烃潜力对比研究.2001
钱凯,李本亮等.中国古生代海相地层油气勘探.二十一世纪中国油气勘探国际学术研讨会论文集.2002:292～299
李大成,赵宗举等.中国海相油气藏勘探潜力.二十一世纪中国油气勘探国际学术研讨会论文集.2002:278～291
胡文等.南黄海海域主要烃源岩生烃潜力及成藏预测.2001
俞广等.南黄海南部盆地油气资源评价及勘探建议.2002
1 张家骅.残留盆地的判别标志及石油地质意义.地球科学,1993,18(6):735～740
2 刘光鼎.试论残留盆地.勘探家,1997,2(3):1～4
3 刘光鼎,宋海斌,张福勤.中国近海前新生代残留盆地初探.地球物理学进展,1999,14(3):1～8
4 刘光鼎.中国石油天然气的一个新领域———前新生代海相残留盆地.中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(3):151～152
5 王英民,钱奕中,邓林等.残余盆地成藏动力学过程研究方法.成都理工学院学报,1998,25(3):385～391
6 费宝生.试论残留型盆地研究思路和油气勘探方法.海相油气地质,1998,3(4):3～7
7 袁剑英,周炎如,李相博等.残余盆地构造分析与油气地质评价.石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):15～18
8 刘池洋,杨兴科.改造盆地研究和油气评价的思路.石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):11～14
9 王定一.改造型含油气盆地类型及研究思路.石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):19～22
10 李国玉.海相沉积是中国21世纪油气勘探新主战场.海相油气地质,1998,3(1):1～5
11 罗志立.中国南方碳酸盐岩油气勘探远景分析.勘探家,1997,2(4):62～63
12 罗志立.中国含油气盆地分布规律及油气勘探展望.新疆石油地质,1998,19(6):441～449
13 蔡立国,刘和甫.扬子周缘前陆盆地演化及类型.地球科学,1996,21(4):433～440
14 闫吉柱.下扬子区中生代前陆盆地.华东油气勘探,1998,16(1):1～6
15 王可德,王建平,徐国庆等.东海陆架盆地西南部中生代地层的发现.地层学杂志,2000,24(2):129～131
16 冯晓杰,蔡东升,王春修等.东海陆架中新生代构造演化特征.中国海上油气(地质).2003,17(1):33～37
17 苏乃容,曾麟,李平鲁.珠江口盆地东部中生代凹陷地质特征.中国海上油气(地质),1995,9(4):228～236
18 郝沪军,林鹤鸣,扬梦雄等.潮汕坳陷中生界—油气勘探的新领域.中国海上油气(地质),2001,15(3):157～163
19 肖文交,李继亮,何海清等.浙西前陆冲断带初步研究.中国科学(D辑),1997,27(1):27～33
20 周祖翼.闽西溪口组沉积环境及构造意义.石油实验地质,1992,14(2):135～141
21 任纪舜,王佐勋等.从全球看中国大地构造———中国及邻区大地构造图简要说明.北京:地质出版社,1999
22 赵越,杨振宇,马醒华.东亚大地构造发展的重要转折.地质科学,1994,29(2):105～128
23 ConeyPJ.Terranes,tectonicsandthePacificRim.ProceedingsofthePacificRimCongress90,GoldCoast,Queensland,Australia,1990:19～30
24 IchikawaK ,MizutaniS ,HaraIetal.Pre_CretaceousterranesofJapan.PublicationofIGCPProject(NO .224).Pre_Jurassicevolu tionofEasternAsia,Osaka,1990
25 郭令智,施央申,马瑞士.西太平洋中新生代活动大陆边缘和岛弧构造的形成及演化.地质学报,1983,57(1)
26 EngebretsonDC ,CoxA ,GordonRG .Relativemotionsbetweeno ceanicandcontinentalplatesinthePacificBasin.GeologicalSocietyorAmericaSpecialPaper,1985,206:1～59
27 OsozawaS .MajortransformduplexingalongtheeasternmarginofCretaceousEurasia.In:FlowerMetal(eds).MantledynamicsandpalteinteractionsinEasyAsia.AGUGeodynamicseries,1998,27:221～245,257
28 高名修.中国东部盆地系与美国西部盆地山脉构造对比及其成因机制探讨.见:朱夏主编.中国中新生代盆地构造和演化.北京:科学出版社,1983:65～77
29 朱夏.中国含油气盆地形成、发展机制及其对油气生成、运移、聚集的控制作用.见:朱夏主编.论板块大地构造与油气盆地分析.上海:同济大学出版社,1982
30 李武显,周新民.中国东南部晚中生代俯冲带探索.高校地质学报,1999,5(2):164～16
陆克政,漆家福等.华北及江淮深层构造地质研究.1999
1)周祖翼等.中国东部陆上与近海前第三纪盆地充填结构、地层分布和构造演化特征的类比研究.2002
1)周祖翼等.中国东部陆上与近海前第三纪盆地充填结构、地层分布和构造演化特征的类比研究.2002
1)李友川.中国近海及邻区中、古生界烃源岩生烃潜力对比研究.2001
1)叶加仁等.中国近海前第三纪残余盆地及油气远景研究.2001
赖万忠等.朝鲜油气与西湾盆地勘探.2000
陈安定等.江苏海相中、古生界源岩二次生烃.江苏石油勘探与开发论文选编(No.11).2000
李友川.中国近海及邻区中、古生界烃源岩生烃潜力对比研究.2001
周祖翼等.中国东部陆上与近海前第三纪盆地充填结构、地层分布和构造演化特征的类比研究.2002
俞广等.南黄海南部盆地油气资源评价及勘探建议.2002
李友川.中国近海及邻区中、古生界烃源岩生烃潜力对比研究.2001
段九春.潮汕坳陷前第三系构造、沉积特征和有利勘探区带预测研究.2002
李友川.中国近海及邻区中、古生界烃源岩生烃潜力对比研究.2001
钱凯,李本亮等.中国古生代海相地层油气勘探.二十一世纪中国油气勘探国际学术研讨会论文集.2002:292～299
李大成,赵宗举等.中国海相油气藏勘探潜力.二十一世纪中国油气勘探国际学术研讨会论文集.2002:278～291
胡文等.南黄海海域主要烃源岩生烃潜力及成藏预测.2001
俞广等.南黄海南部盆地油气资源评价及勘探建议.2002
1 张家骅.残留盆地的判别标志及石油地质意义.地球科学,1993,18(6):735～740
2 刘光鼎.试论残留盆地.勘探家,1997,2(3):1～4
3 刘光鼎,宋海斌,张福勤.中国近海前新生代残留盆地初探.地球物理学进展,1999,14(3):1～8
4 刘光鼎.中国石油天然气的一个新领域———前新生代海相残留盆地.中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(3):151～152
5 王英民,钱奕中,邓林等.残余盆地成藏动力学过程研究方法.成都理工学院学报,1998,25(3):385～391
6 费宝生.试论残留型盆地研究思路和油气勘探方法.海相油气地质,1998,3(4):3～7
7 袁剑英,周炎如,李相博等.残余盆地构造分析与油气地质评价.石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):15～18
8 刘池洋,杨兴科.改造盆地研究和油气评价的思路.石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):11～14
9 王定一.改造型含油气盆地类型及研究思路.石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):19～22
10 李国玉.海相沉积是中国21世纪油气勘探新主战场.海相油气地质,1998,3(1):1～5
11 罗志立.中国南方碳酸盐岩油气勘探远景分析.勘探家,1997,2(4):62～63
12 罗志立.中国含油气盆地分布规律及油气勘探展望.新疆石油地质,1998,19(6):441～449
13 蔡立国,刘和甫.扬子周缘前陆盆地演化及类型.地球科学,1996,21(4):433～440
14 闫吉柱.下扬子区中生代前陆盆地.华东油气勘探,1998,16(1):1～6
15 王可德,王建平,徐国庆等.东海陆架盆地西南部中生代地层的发现.地层学杂志,2000,24(2):129～131
16 冯晓杰,蔡东升,王春修等.东海陆架中新生代构造演化特征.中国海上油气(地质).2003,17(1):33～37
17 苏乃容,曾麟,李平鲁.珠江口盆地东部中生代凹陷地质特征.中国海上油气(地质),1995,9(4):228～236
18 郝沪军,林鹤鸣,扬梦雄等.潮汕坳陷中生界—油气勘探的新领域.中国海上油气(地质),2001,15(3):157～163
19 肖文交,李继亮,何海清等.浙西前陆冲断带初步研究.中国科学(D辑),1997,27(1):27～33
20 周祖翼.闽西溪口组沉积环境及构造意义.石油实验地质,1992,14(2):135～141
21 任纪舜,王佐勋等.从全球看中国大地构造———中国及邻区大地构造图简要说明.北京:地质出版社,1999
22 赵越,杨振宇,马醒华.东亚大地构造发展的重要转折.地质科学,1994,29(2):105～128
23 ConeyPJ.Terranes,tectonicsandthePacificRim.ProceedingsofthePacificRimCongress90,GoldCoast,Queensland,Australia,1990:19～30
24 IchikawaK ,MizutaniS ,HaraIetal.Pre_CretaceousterranesofJapan.PublicationofIGCPProject(NO .224).Pre_Jurassicevolu tionofEasternAsia,Osaka,1990
25 郭令智,施央申,马瑞士.西太平洋中新生代活动大陆边缘和岛弧构造的形成及演化.地质学报,1983,57(1)
26 EngebretsonDC ,CoxA ,GordonRG .Relativemotionsbetweeno ceanicandcontinentalplatesinthePacificBasin.GeologicalSocietyorAmericaSpecialPaper,1985,206:1～59
27 OsozawaS .MajortransformduplexingalongtheeasternmarginofCretaceousEurasia.In:FlowerMetal(eds).MantledynamicsandpalteinteractionsinEasyAsia.AGUGeodynamicseries,1998,27:221～245,257
28 高名修.中国东部盆地系与美国西部盆地山脉构造对比及其成因机制探讨.见:朱夏主编.中国中新生代盆地构造和演化.北京:科学出版社,1983:65～77
29 朱夏.中国含油气盆地形成、发展机制及其对油气生成、运移、聚集的控制作用.见:朱夏主编.论板块大地构造与油气盆地分析.上海:同济大学出版社,1982
30 李武显,周新民.中国东南部晚中生代俯冲带探索.高校地质学报,1999,5(2):164～16
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