壳-幔过渡层特征与大地构造演化
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摘要
壳幔过渡层作为地壳深部地质作用的一个开放体系，是物质交换和能量转换的重要场所。壳幔过渡层在地震反射剖面上的不同表现形式，具有不同的岩石矿物组合特征，反映不同的大地构造演化区域（或阶段）．中国西藏地区，壳幔过渡层在地震剖面上为高低速薄层，呈网结状的反射层，厚度大，岩石矿物组成具有双重特征，既具有下地壳的镁铁质麻粒岩石类型、又具有上地幔的超镁铁质岩石类型，镁铁质岩石含量自壳幔过渡层向上（地壳）、向下（上地幔）都呈减少的趋势；反映了该区现代地壳处于剧烈活动期．中国华北地区，壳幔过渡层在地震剖面上为正的强梯度层．层较薄，在盆地区约2km，在隆起区可达6km，岩石矿物组成同样具有双重特征；华北地区目前为地洼发展的余动期，已经过了激烈活动期，但构造运动仍属活动期。中国大陆残存的地台盆地，地幔过渡层在地震剖面上不明显，近似于一级不连续间断面，岩石矿物组合上下界面较清晰，反映了地台发展阶段的深部地质作用特征。
As an open system the crust-mantle transition layer is an important layer where materialand energy exchange between crust and mantle takes place. The different styles of transitionlayer observed in seismic reflection profiles, which are associated with different lock-mineralcompositions indicate different tectonic settings. The transition layer in Tibet, China, acomplex geological unit constituted by random and reticular high and lower seismic velocitylamellae with qrid shaped reflection layer and big thickness, the rock-mineral associationsbearing a dual nature of both mafic granulite factes and ultramafic factes rocks which are thetypical upper mantle rocks, indicates that the crust movement is very intense in this regionnow. The transition layer in North China is usually composed of a thinner strong positive velocity gradient layer, and its rock-mineral associations also bear a dual nature. This suggeststhat the crust is still active though the intense mobile period is over. The transition layer inthe remaining platform basin of China is characterized by a relatively sharp seismic discontinuity inferred the feature of the deep geological processes in the platform is more stable.
As an open system the crust-mantle transition layer is an important layer where materialand energy exchange between crust and mantle takes place. The different styles of transitionlayer observed in seismic reflection profiles, which are associated with different lock-mineralcompositions indicate different tectonic settings. The transition layer in Tibet, China, acomplex geological unit constituted by random and reticular high and lower seismic velocitylamellae with qrid shaped reflection layer and big thickness, the rock-mineral associationsbearing a dual nature of both mafic granulite factes and ultramafic factes rocks which are thetypical upper mantle rocks, indicates that the crust movement is very intense in this regionnow. The transition layer in North China is usually composed of a thinner strong positive velocity gradient layer, and its rock-mineral associations also bear a dual nature. This suggeststhat the crust is still active though the intense mobile period is over. The transition layer inthe remaining platform basin of China is characterized by a relatively sharp seismic discontinuity inferred the feature of the deep geological processes in the platform is more stable.
引文
1975 Ringwood A E.Composition and petrology of the earth's mantle,McGraw-Hill,New York,618
1980Boudier A, Bouchez J L. Interpretation of periodtic structures from ophiolitic and oceanic environments Amer.J.Sci.2802 192～210
1984黄苏.北疆大地构造基本特征及其形成机制初探.大地构造与成矿学,8(2)
1985曾融生,张少泉,周海南等.唐山地震区的地壳结构及大陆地震成因的探讨地震学报,7(2):125～142
1987Hauser E C.Gephart J.Latham T.Oliver J.Kaufman S,Brown L,Lucchitta I. COCORP Arizona transect:strongcrustal reflections and offset Moho beneath the transition zone. Geolobry, 15: 1103～1106
1987Wenzel F. Sandmeier K J, Waelde W. Properties of the lower crust from modeling refraction and reflection data.Geophys,J. Res, 92: 11575～11583
1987Sandmeier K J, Waelde W, Wenzel F. Physical properties and struture of the lower crust revealed by one-and two-di-mensional modeling.Geophys..J R Astoron.89:339～344
1987 Griffin W L.O'Reilly S Y.The composition of the lower crust and the nature of the continental Moho-Xennolith ev-idence.In:Manlte Xenoliths.Nixon,P H(editor).413～430
1988何友三,韩融平.朱振宇等下扬子区地壳地震测深方法的若干特点及壳幔结构和构造.欧庆贤主编.中国南方油气勘查新领域探索论文集(2)北京:地质出版社.198～206
1988岳华峰,宁占龙.从石家庄-喀刺沁旗人工地震测深结果看燕山山区与华北平原区地壳结构国家地震局科技监测司主编:中国大陆深部构造的研究与进展北京:地质出版社.216～226
1988a章惠芳.章林云.赖松泉州-汕头地区地壳结构和深部构造研究.国家地震局科技监测司主编:中国大陆深部构造的研究与进展.北京:地质出版社.236～245
1988b章惠芳等广西柳州爆破观测和桂东地区地壳结构国家地震局科技监测司主编:中国大陆深部构造的研究与进展.北京:地质出版社.246～252
rigin in extension.Gol.Sci.Am.Bull 100:1616～1626
1989 Jarchow C M. Thompson G A.The nature of the Mohorovicic discontinuity.Anuv.Rev.Earth Planet Sci.17: 475～506
1990王式.卢德元.黄立言等.西藏高原南北走向的地壳结构模型和速度分布特征.中国地质科学院主编:喜马拉雅岩石圈 演化西藏地球物理文集.北京:地质出版社.38～50
1990 Snyder D B.Flack C A.A Caledonian age for refections in mantle lithosphere.north and west Scotland .Tectonics. 9:903～922
1990 Hall J.Quinlan Marillier F,Deen C.Dipping sheer zones and the base of the crust in the Appalachians.offshore Canada.In:Seismic probing of continent and their margins.Finlayso D M et al(editors).Tectonphysics.173:581 ～593
1992 Mooney W D.Meissner R.Multigenetic origin of crustal reflectivity:A review of seismic reflect:on profiling of the continental lower cust and Moho.In:continental lower crust.Fountain D M et al (editors).Developments in Geo- tectonics,23:45～80
1992 Holbrook W S.Mooney W D.Christensen N I.The seismic velocity structure of the deep continental crust.In:Con- tinental lower crust.Fountain D M et al(editors).Developments in geotectonics,23:1～34
1993 Cox K G et al.Alkali basalts from Shugra.Yemen:magmas generated in the Crust-mantle transition zone?Magmat- ic processes and plate tectonics. Geol. Soc. Spec. 76: 443～454
1993 Menzies M A, Fan Weining. Paleozolc and Cenozolc litnosphere, Sino-Korean Craton. China. In: Magmatic process- es and oplate tectonics.Geol.Soc.Spec.76:71～841993王椿镛,王贵美.林中洋等.用深地地震反射方法研究邢台地震区地壳细结物.地球物理学报,36(4):445～451
1994Durrheim R J,Mooney W D.Evolution of the Precambrian lithosphere:Seismological and geochemical constraints. J. Geophys. Res, 99(15): 359～374
1994吴宗絮,邓普福,赵海玲等.华北大陆地壳-上地幔岩石学结构与演化.岩石矿物学杂志,13(2):106～115
199 Deng Jinfu,Wu Zongxu,Zhao Hailing,Luo Zhaohua.Guo Zhengfu,Li Yumen.Nature of the lower crust and crust mantle exchange, 30th IGC.Beijing. China, Abstracts, 10～53, 105
1996 Lin Ge, Fan Welming. The crust-mantle transition zone and its geologlcal processes, In: Advances in sold earth Sci- ences, Zhonghe, P(editors), Science Press, Beliing, China, 50～54
1996张先康.王椿镛,刘国栋等.延庆-怀来地区地壳细结物一利用深地震反射剖面.地球物理学报,39(3):356～364
1996赵文津,Nelson K D.车敬凯等.深反射地震揭示喜马拉雅地区上地幔的复杂结构.地球物理学报,39(5);615～627
1997郭锋.范蔚,林舸等.湖南道县辉长岩包体的年代学研究及成因探讨.科学通报,42(15):1661～1663
1998郭锋,范蔚,林舸.湘南中生代玄武岩浆成因和岩石圈-软流圈相互作用.矿物岩石地球化学通报,17(1)
1980Boudier A, Bouchez J L. Interpretation of periodtic structures from ophiolitic and oceanic environments Amer.J.Sci.2802 192～210
1984黄苏.北疆大地构造基本特征及其形成机制初探.大地构造与成矿学,8(2)
1985曾融生,张少泉,周海南等.唐山地震区的地壳结构及大陆地震成因的探讨地震学报,7(2):125～142
1987Hauser E C.Gephart J.Latham T.Oliver J.Kaufman S,Brown L,Lucchitta I. COCORP Arizona transect:strongcrustal reflections and offset Moho beneath the transition zone. Geolobry, 15: 1103～1106
1987Wenzel F. Sandmeier K J, Waelde W. Properties of the lower crust from modeling refraction and reflection data.Geophys,J. Res, 92: 11575～11583
1987Sandmeier K J, Waelde W, Wenzel F. Physical properties and struture of the lower crust revealed by one-and two-di-mensional modeling.Geophys..J R Astoron.89:339～344
1987 Griffin W L.O'Reilly S Y.The composition of the lower crust and the nature of the continental Moho-Xennolith ev-idence.In:Manlte Xenoliths.Nixon,P H(editor).413～430
1988何友三,韩融平.朱振宇等下扬子区地壳地震测深方法的若干特点及壳幔结构和构造.欧庆贤主编.中国南方油气勘查新领域探索论文集(2)北京:地质出版社.198～206
1988岳华峰,宁占龙.从石家庄-喀刺沁旗人工地震测深结果看燕山山区与华北平原区地壳结构国家地震局科技监测司主编:中国大陆深部构造的研究与进展北京:地质出版社.216～226
1988a章惠芳.章林云.赖松泉州-汕头地区地壳结构和深部构造研究.国家地震局科技监测司主编:中国大陆深部构造的研究与进展.北京:地质出版社.236～245
1988b章惠芳等广西柳州爆破观测和桂东地区地壳结构国家地震局科技监测司主编:中国大陆深部构造的研究与进展.北京:地质出版社.246～252
rigin in extension.Gol.Sci.Am.Bull 100:1616～1626
1989 Jarchow C M. Thompson G A.The nature of the Mohorovicic discontinuity.Anuv.Rev.Earth Planet Sci.17: 475～506
1990王式.卢德元.黄立言等.西藏高原南北走向的地壳结构模型和速度分布特征.中国地质科学院主编:喜马拉雅岩石圈 演化西藏地球物理文集.北京:地质出版社.38～50
1990 Snyder D B.Flack C A.A Caledonian age for refections in mantle lithosphere.north and west Scotland .Tectonics. 9:903～922
1990 Hall J.Quinlan Marillier F,Deen C.Dipping sheer zones and the base of the crust in the Appalachians.offshore Canada.In:Seismic probing of continent and their margins.Finlayso D M et al(editors).Tectonphysics.173:581 ～593
1992 Mooney W D.Meissner R.Multigenetic origin of crustal reflectivity:A review of seismic reflect:on profiling of the continental lower cust and Moho.In:continental lower crust.Fountain D M et al (editors).Developments in Geo- tectonics,23:45～80
1992 Holbrook W S.Mooney W D.Christensen N I.The seismic velocity structure of the deep continental crust.In:Con- tinental lower crust.Fountain D M et al(editors).Developments in geotectonics,23:1～34
1993 Cox K G et al.Alkali basalts from Shugra.Yemen:magmas generated in the Crust-mantle transition zone?Magmat- ic processes and plate tectonics. Geol. Soc. Spec. 76: 443～454
1993 Menzies M A, Fan Weining. Paleozolc and Cenozolc litnosphere, Sino-Korean Craton. China. In: Magmatic process- es and oplate tectonics.Geol.Soc.Spec.76:71～841993王椿镛,王贵美.林中洋等.用深地地震反射方法研究邢台地震区地壳细结物.地球物理学报,36(4):445～451
1994Durrheim R J,Mooney W D.Evolution of the Precambrian lithosphere:Seismological and geochemical constraints. J. Geophys. Res, 99(15): 359～374
1994吴宗絮,邓普福,赵海玲等.华北大陆地壳-上地幔岩石学结构与演化.岩石矿物学杂志,13(2):106～115
199 Deng Jinfu,Wu Zongxu,Zhao Hailing,Luo Zhaohua.Guo Zhengfu,Li Yumen.Nature of the lower crust and crust mantle exchange, 30th IGC.Beijing. China, Abstracts, 10～53, 105
1996 Lin Ge, Fan Welming. The crust-mantle transition zone and its geologlcal processes, In: Advances in sold earth Sci- ences, Zhonghe, P(editors), Science Press, Beliing, China, 50～54
1996张先康.王椿镛,刘国栋等.延庆-怀来地区地壳细结物一利用深地震反射剖面.地球物理学报,39(3):356～364
1996赵文津,Nelson K D.车敬凯等.深反射地震揭示喜马拉雅地区上地幔的复杂结构.地球物理学报,39(5);615～627
1997郭锋.范蔚,林舸等.湖南道县辉长岩包体的年代学研究及成因探讨.科学通报,42(15):1661～1663
1998郭锋,范蔚,林舸.湘南中生代玄武岩浆成因和岩石圈-软流圈相互作用.矿物岩石地球化学通报,17(1)
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