广东沿海陆地地质灾害孕育环境探讨
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摘要
通过广东沿海陆地典型地质灾害事件的统计、调查与研究表明 ,南澳、汕头、揭阳、阳江等地区是潜在地震多发区和强震活跃区 ,地震多出现在NEE、NNW和NW向活动断裂交汇的海湾附近。河流两岸、海岸、交通沿线和城镇区等人类活动区是潜在水土流失、崩塌和滑坡等坡面灾害发育区。降雨强度和持续时间影响不稳定斜坡出现的机率。雷州半岛的地裂缝与地下水活动密切相关 ,雨、旱季节性变化特别是持久的干旱多出现地裂缝现象。隐伏岩溶区过渡抽、排岩溶区地下水是岩溶塌陷形成的直接原因。地面沉降是长期超采地下水 ,特别是深层承压水的结果。软土因其天然含水量大、孔隙比大、压缩性高、强度低和承载力低 ,构成了沿海三角洲与滨海平原区工程建筑的非稳定地基。
The coastal area of Guangdong is characterized by widespread distribution and frequent occurrence of the geo-disasters which have caused considerable property damage and casualties in the past decades.From the investigations and statistic work on representative disasters in detail in the land along the Guangdong coast in recent years it has been confirmed that historically intense earthquakes that occurred in Nan′ao, Shantou, Jieyang, Yangjiang, etc. are highly related to NEE-trending active faults, especially to intersections between the NEE-trending active faults and NE-trending active faults or NW trending active faults. The occurrence of soil erosion, landslips and landslides are the result of a complex interaction among the slope height, slope gradient and rock soil as wall as heavy rainfall and artificial activities. Topographically, natural slopes at riverbanks and along coast, artificial slopes along traffic lines and those in cities and towns are easily occurring zones for soil erosion, landslips and landslides. The temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall will decide the occurrence probability of unstable slope in the area. The ground fissures occurring in Leizhou Peninsula are much related to groundwater activities, dry and rainy season alternations. Particularly, a long dry period will promote ground fissure development. The earth subsidence in karst areas is usually a result of over exploitation for underground water resources, and the soft soil in the delta and coastal plain usually causes the ground to be unstable.
The coastal area of Guangdong is characterized by widespread distribution and frequent occurrence of the geo-disasters which have caused considerable property damage and casualties in the past decades.From the investigations and statistic work on representative disasters in detail in the land along the Guangdong coast in recent years it has been confirmed that historically intense earthquakes that occurred in Nan′ao, Shantou, Jieyang, Yangjiang, etc. are highly related to NEE-trending active faults, especially to intersections between the NEE-trending active faults and NE-trending active faults or NW trending active faults. The occurrence of soil erosion, landslips and landslides are the result of a complex interaction among the slope height, slope gradient and rock soil as wall as heavy rainfall and artificial activities. Topographically, natural slopes at riverbanks and along coast, artificial slopes along traffic lines and those in cities and towns are easily occurring zones for soil erosion, landslips and landslides. The temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall will decide the occurrence probability of unstable slope in the area. The ground fissures occurring in Leizhou Peninsula are much related to groundwater activities, dry and rainy season alternations. Particularly, a long dry period will promote ground fissure development. The earth subsidence in karst areas is usually a result of over exploitation for underground water resources, and the soft soil in the delta and coastal plain usually causes the ground to be unstable.
引文
①广东省地质环境监测总站 .广东省历史地质灾害调查报告 .1992 :35～ 6 8.
广东省地质环境监测总站 .广东省历史地质灾害调查报告 . 1992 :35 -6 8.
广东省地质环境监测总站 .广东省环境地质调查报告 (1/ 5 0 0万 ) . 1991:16 9-2 0 9.
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[6 ]谢浩球 .广东地质灾害概述 [J] .广东地质 ,1991,6 (3) :1-8.
[7]李建生 .珠江三角洲地区若干地质灾害问题 [J] .水文地质工程地质 ,1992 ,19(5 ) :42 -4 4 .
[8]雷严问 .雷州半岛地裂缝基本特征及其发展趋势 [J] .广东地质 ,1995 ,10 (3) :43-4 9.
[9]夏法 ,黄玉昆 .广东的地质灾害与地质环境 [J] .自然灾害学报 ,1995 ,4(3) :83-91.
[10 ]詹文欢 ,钟建强 ,刘以宣 .华南沿海地质灾害 [M] .北京 :科学出版社 ,1996 .33-4 1.
[11]广东省国土厅 .广东省自然灾害图集 [M] .广州 :广东地图出版社 ,1996 .
[12 ]陈恩民 .华南十九次强震暨南海北部陆缘地震带概述 [J] .华南地震 ,1984,4(1) :12 -32 .
[13]靳长兴 .论坡面侵蚀的临界坡度 [J] .地理学报 ,1995 ,5 0(3) :2 34-2 38.
[14 ]郑度 ,申元村 .坡度过程及退化坡地恢复整治研究 [J] .地理学报 ,1998,5 3 (2 ) :116 -12 1.
[15 ]BrandEW .LandslidesinHongKongduringtheRainfallEwent [J] .LandslideNews .1994,(8) :13-17.
[16 ]李焯芬 ,陈虹 .雨水渗透与香港滑坡灾害 [J] .水文地质工程地质 ,1997,2 4(4) :2 5 -2 7.
[17]DavidKK ,RaymondCW ,RobertKM .Realtimelandslidewarningduringheavyrainfall [J] .Science ,1987,2 36 (482 9) :92 1-92 5 .
[18]卢耀东 .湛江组粘土胀缩性初探 [J] .广东地质 ,1989,4(3) :5 6 -6 5 .
[19]黎青宁 ,周国云 .地面变形地质灾害问题 [J] .水文地质工程地质 ,1990 ,(4) :2 9-30 .
[2 0 ]刘铁铸 .国内外地面沉降现状、危害及治理对策 [J] .城市地质专辑 ,1992 ,(12 ) :13-18.
[2 1]华南理工大学等 .地基与基础 [M] .北京 :中国建筑工业出版社 ,1998.113-12 4.
④广东省地质环境监测总站 .广东省历史地质灾害调查报告 . 1992 :35 -6 8.
广东省地质环境监测总站 .广东省历史地质灾害调查报告 . 1992 :35 -6 8.
广东省地质环境监测总站 .广东省环境地质调查报告 (1/ 5 0 0万 ) . 1991:16 9-2 0 9.
[1]周永康 .保障人民生命财产安全 [N] .国土资源报 ,1999-0 4-2 2 (1) .
[2 ]叶东明 .增强地质灾害防治意识 ,减少人民生命财产损失 [N] .中国地质矿产报 ,1998-12 -2 2 (2 ) .
[3]郑毅 ,张玉梅 .地质灾害肆虐广东 [N] .羊城晚报 ,1999-0 4-2 0 (4) .
[4]张梁 ,张业成 ,罗元华 ,等 .地质灾害灾情评估理论与实践[M] .北京 :地质出版社 ,1998.3-76 .
[5 ]卢体祥 .珠江三角洲地质灾害类型、分布、危害与防治 [J] .地质灾害与防治 ,1990 ,1(4) :87-89.
[6 ]谢浩球 .广东地质灾害概述 [J] .广东地质 ,1991,6 (3) :1-8.
[7]李建生 .珠江三角洲地区若干地质灾害问题 [J] .水文地质工程地质 ,1992 ,19(5 ) :42 -4 4 .
[8]雷严问 .雷州半岛地裂缝基本特征及其发展趋势 [J] .广东地质 ,1995 ,10 (3) :43-4 9.
[9]夏法 ,黄玉昆 .广东的地质灾害与地质环境 [J] .自然灾害学报 ,1995 ,4(3) :83-91.
[10 ]詹文欢 ,钟建强 ,刘以宣 .华南沿海地质灾害 [M] .北京 :科学出版社 ,1996 .33-4 1.
[11]广东省国土厅 .广东省自然灾害图集 [M] .广州 :广东地图出版社 ,1996 .
[12 ]陈恩民 .华南十九次强震暨南海北部陆缘地震带概述 [J] .华南地震 ,1984,4(1) :12 -32 .
[13]靳长兴 .论坡面侵蚀的临界坡度 [J] .地理学报 ,1995 ,5 0(3) :2 34-2 38.
[14 ]郑度 ,申元村 .坡度过程及退化坡地恢复整治研究 [J] .地理学报 ,1998,5 3 (2 ) :116 -12 1.
[15 ]BrandEW .LandslidesinHongKongduringtheRainfallEwent [J] .LandslideNews .1994,(8) :13-17.
[16 ]李焯芬 ,陈虹 .雨水渗透与香港滑坡灾害 [J] .水文地质工程地质 ,1997,2 4(4) :2 5 -2 7.
[17]DavidKK ,RaymondCW ,RobertKM .Realtimelandslidewarningduringheavyrainfall [J] .Science ,1987,2 36 (482 9) :92 1-92 5 .
[18]卢耀东 .湛江组粘土胀缩性初探 [J] .广东地质 ,1989,4(3) :5 6 -6 5 .
[19]黎青宁 ,周国云 .地面变形地质灾害问题 [J] .水文地质工程地质 ,1990 ,(4) :2 9-30 .
[2 0 ]刘铁铸 .国内外地面沉降现状、危害及治理对策 [J] .城市地质专辑 ,1992 ,(12 ) :13-18.
[2 1]华南理工大学等 .地基与基础 [M] .北京 :中国建筑工业出版社 ,1998.113-12 4.
④广东省地质环境监测总站 .广东省历史地质灾害调查报告 . 1992 :35 -6 8.
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