我国煤矿的主要地质灾害及防治对策
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摘要
文章综合分析了煤矿区地震、滑坡、地面沉陷与塌陷、煤与瓦斯突出及突水等主要地质灾害。通过对各类灾害特征、成生机理及危害的研究 ,认为 :(1)煤矿地质灾害严重地危害着矿山正常生产和人民生活 ;(2 )煤矿矿震生成主要是脆硬 软地层结构、褶皱构造、构造活化区及地下水突变、采煤卸载等内外环境因子综合作用的结果 ;(3)煤矿滑坡、地面沉陷及塌陷、煤与瓦斯突出和突水等地质灾害是矿区工程活动破坏了地质构造和生态环境、山体原始平衡所致。在此基础上 ,提出了煤矿地质灾害链和防御措施。
In this paper,principal geological hazards including earthquake,landslide,land subsidence and collapse,coal outburst and gas explosion,waterbursting in coal mine are comprehensively analyzed.Study of characteristic,mechanism and endangerment of all kinds of geological hazards in coal\|mine area indicates:(1)These geological hazards of coal\|mine have threatened the daily work and local people,people′s life.(2)The coal\|mine earthquakes are the result of comprehensive action by endogenous\|exogene environmental factors of brittle soft strata,folds,tectonic zone.(3)Formation of geological hazards of land slides,land subsidence and collapse,coal outburst and gas explosion,water\|bursting in coal mine is due to the deterioration of ecological environment and the broken of ecological balance.The chain of geological hazards in coal\|mine and prevention measures are put forward.
In this paper,principal geological hazards including earthquake,landslide,land subsidence and collapse,coal outburst and gas explosion,waterbursting in coal mine are comprehensively analyzed.Study of characteristic,mechanism and endangerment of all kinds of geological hazards in coal\|mine area indicates:(1)These geological hazards of coal\|mine have threatened the daily work and local people,people′s life.(2)The coal\|mine earthquakes are the result of comprehensive action by endogenous\|exogene environmental factors of brittle soft strata,folds,tectonic zone.(3)Formation of geological hazards of land slides,land subsidence and collapse,coal outburst and gas explosion,water\|bursting in coal mine is due to the deterioration of ecological environment and the broken of ecological balance.The chain of geological hazards in coal\|mine and prevention measures are put forward.
引文
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