阳霞凹陷超压成因及与油气成藏关系
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摘要
地层超压的形成和分布不仅与油气的运聚成藏有关,而且还直接影响油气钻井工程.因此,超压的研究和预测成为当 今含油气盆地研究中的重要内容.阳霞凹陷属于库车坳陷的一个次级构造单元,钻井揭示凹陷内有超压发育.笔者应用测 井资料、测试资料和地震资料分析了阳霞凹陷内超压的成因以及超压与油气成藏的关系,得出以下认识:(1)在阳霞凹陷 内,上第三系吉迪克组膏泥岩中的超压是以欠压实成因为主控因素,下第三系和白垩系中的超压是以构造成因为主控因 素,形成了上下两套成因机制并不完全相同的超压系统.(2)从构造演化时间上来看,巴西盖组与巴什基奇克组的超压形成 时间最晚在上新世的库车组时期,早于油气大规模运移时期(库车晚期—第四纪西域期).由于缺少断层的疏导,积聚的超 压无法通过断层释放,阻挡了后期油气在巴西盖组与巴什基奇克组中聚集成藏,使得库1井所钻遇的圈闭成藏规模不足.
The origin and distribution of formation overpressure has an effect not only on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, but also on drilling well technique. The study and prediction of overpressure is very important in basin study. (Yangxia) sag is a sub-tectonic unit in Kuqa depression. Drilling shows overpressure is very common in Yangxia sag. Using logs, test materials and seismic data, this paper analyzes the origin of overpressure and its influence on oil and gas pool-forming. Results show that: (1) Overpressure in Jidike Formation is mainly developed by deposition, and overpressure in Cretaceous by tectonic stress. These two overpressure systems are completely different in origin. (2) The overpressure in the Baxigai and Bashijiqike formations formed in the Pliocene when the Kuqa Formation was deposited, that is earlier than the Kuqa-Xiyu period when oil and gas migrated on a large scale. The overpressure cannot be released by the faults because there are faults around the Ku1 well area, which resisted oil and gas entering the reservoir and influenced pool-forming.
The origin and distribution of formation overpressure has an effect not only on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, but also on drilling well technique. The study and prediction of overpressure is very important in basin study. (Yangxia) sag is a sub-tectonic unit in Kuqa depression. Drilling shows overpressure is very common in Yangxia sag. Using logs, test materials and seismic data, this paper analyzes the origin of overpressure and its influence on oil and gas pool-forming. Results show that: (1) Overpressure in Jidike Formation is mainly developed by deposition, and overpressure in Cretaceous by tectonic stress. These two overpressure systems are completely different in origin. (2) The overpressure in the Baxigai and Bashijiqike formations formed in the Pliocene when the Kuqa Formation was deposited, that is earlier than the Kuqa-Xiyu period when oil and gas migrated on a large scale. The overpressure cannot be released by the faults because there are faults around the Ku1 well area, which resisted oil and gas entering the reservoir and influenced pool-forming.
引文
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付广,王朋岩,付晓飞,2001.库车坳陷下第三系盖层封闭特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用.高校地质学报,7(4):475-482.
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李军,王贵文,欧阳健,2001.利用测井信息定量研究库车坳陷山前地区地应力.石油勘探与开发,28(5):93-95.
罗晓容,2000.数值盆地模拟方法在地质研究中的应用.石油勘探与开发,27(2):6-10.
欧阳健,1999.测井地应力分析———以库车坳陷克拉2井气藏解释为例.新疆石油地质,20(3):213-217.
徐士林,吕修祥,皮学军,等,2002.新疆库车坳陷克拉苏构造带异常高压及其成藏效应.现代地质,16(3):282-287.
赵靖舟,2003.前陆盆地天然气成藏理论及应用.北京:石油工业出版社.4.
赵靖舟,戴金星,2002.库车前陆逆冲带天然气成藏期与成藏史.石油学报,23(2):6-10.
周兴熙,2000.库车坳陷第三系盐膏质盖层特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用.古地理学报,2(4):51-57.
周兴熙,2001.塔里木盆地库车油气系统中、新生界的流体压力结构和油气成藏机制.地学前缘,8(4):351-361.
周兴熙,2003a.库车油气系统北带中、新生界主要储层孔隙流体超压成因探讨.古地理学报,5(1):110-119.
周兴熙,2003b.塔里木盆地克拉2气田成藏机制再认识.天然气地球科学,14(5):354-360.
Fu,G.,Wang,P.Y.,Fu,X.F.,2001.SealcharacteristicsofEugenemudstonecaprockinKuqadepressionandits importanceincontrollingaccumulationofoilandgas.GeologicalJournalofChinaUniversities,7(4):475-482(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
Hao,F.,Zou,H.Y.,Jiang,J.Q.,2000.Dynamicsofpetrole umaccumulationanditsadvances.EarthScienceFron tiers,7(3):11-21(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
Li,J.,Wang,G.W.,Ouyang,J.,2001.Usingloggingdatato quantitativelystudyterrestrial stressinKuqadepres sion,China.PetroleumExplorationandDevelopment,28(5):93-95(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
Luo,X.R.,2000.Theapplicationofnumericalbasinmodel ingingeologicalstudies.PetroleumExplorationandDevelopment,27(2):6-10(inChinesewithEnglish abstract).
Osborne,M.J.,Swarbrick,R.E.,1997.Mechanismsforgen eratingoverpressureinsedimentarybasins:Areevalu ation.AAPGBulletin,81(2):1013-1041.
Ouyang,J.,1999.Analysisofgroundstresswithloggingda ta—AnexamplefromwellKL2gasreservoirinKuqa depression,China.XinjiangPetroleumGeology,20(3):214-217(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
Swarbrick,R.E.,1999.AADEforum:Pressureregimesin sedimentarybasinsandtheirprediction.MarineandPetroleumGeology,16(3):473-492.
Xu,S.L.,L櫣,X.X.,Pi,X.J.,etal.,2002.Abnormallyhigh pressureanditseffectonreservoirformationofKelasu tectoniczoneinKuqadepressioninXinjiang.Geosci ence,16(3):282-287(inChinesewithEnglishab stract).
Zhao,J.Z.,2003.Theoryandapplicationofgaspool forming inforelandbasin.PetroleumIndustryPress,Beijing,4(inChinese).
Zhao,J.Z.,Dai,J.X.,2002.Timingandfillinghistoryof naturalgasreservoirsinKuqaforelandthrustbelts,Ta rimbasin.ActaPetroleiSinica,23(2):6-10(inChi nesewithEnglishabstract).
Zhou,X.X.,2000.ThefeaturesofTertiaryhalite gypsum caprocksandtheircontrolonformingofoilandgas poolsinKuqadepression,China.JournalofPalaeo geography,2(4):51-57(inChinesewithEnglishab stract).
Zhou,X.X.,2001.TheMesozoicCenozoicfluidpressure structureandreservoir formingmachineprocessintheKuqapetroleumsystemintheTarimbasin.EarthSci enceFrontiers,8(4):351-361(inChinesewithEng lishabstract).
Zhou,X.X,2003a.Discussiononoriginofoverpressurein mainreservoiroftheMesozoicandCenozoicinnorth zoneofKuqapetroleumsystem.JournalofPalaeoGeography,5(1):110-119(inChinesewithEnglish abstract).
Zhou,X.X.,2003b.Recognitiononreservoir formingmecha nismofKela2gasfieldinTarimbasin.NaturalGas Geoscience,14(5):354-360(inChinesewithEnglish abstract).
范土芝,顾家裕,2002.中国塔里木盆地库车凹陷超高压成因与大油气田形成.21世纪中国油气勘探国际研讨会论文集.
付广,王朋岩,付晓飞,2001.库车坳陷下第三系盖层封闭特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用.高校地质学报,7(4):475-482.
郝芳,邹华耀,姜建群,2000.油气成藏动力学及其研究进展.地学前缘,7(3):11-21.
李军,王贵文,欧阳健,2001.利用测井信息定量研究库车坳陷山前地区地应力.石油勘探与开发,28(5):93-95.
罗晓容,2000.数值盆地模拟方法在地质研究中的应用.石油勘探与开发,27(2):6-10.
欧阳健,1999.测井地应力分析———以库车坳陷克拉2井气藏解释为例.新疆石油地质,20(3):213-217.
徐士林,吕修祥,皮学军,等,2002.新疆库车坳陷克拉苏构造带异常高压及其成藏效应.现代地质,16(3):282-287.
赵靖舟,2003.前陆盆地天然气成藏理论及应用.北京:石油工业出版社.4.
赵靖舟,戴金星,2002.库车前陆逆冲带天然气成藏期与成藏史.石油学报,23(2):6-10.
周兴熙,2000.库车坳陷第三系盐膏质盖层特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用.古地理学报,2(4):51-57.
周兴熙,2001.塔里木盆地库车油气系统中、新生界的流体压力结构和油气成藏机制.地学前缘,8(4):351-361.
周兴熙,2003a.库车油气系统北带中、新生界主要储层孔隙流体超压成因探讨.古地理学报,5(1):110-119.
周兴熙,2003b.塔里木盆地克拉2气田成藏机制再认识.天然气地球科学,14(5):354-360.
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