汶川8.0级地震以及其它大震前的地电阻率异常特征
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摘要
对2008年汶川8.0级地震前周边远近台站的电阻率异常特征进行了分析。离震中400km内的郫县、甘孜、冕宁、武都四个台站基本都存在1年以上的中期异常;距震中较远的兰州台和天水台则出现了短临异常变化。总结了我国9次7级以上大震前地电阻率台观测资料,认为电阻率异常形态以负异常为主,在极值附近或转折恢复过程中发生地震。震中附近台站多数有异常,大部分为一年以上中期的变化,年变形态消失;震前能观测到短临变化;一般在极值点附近发震。较远台站部分存在异常;短期和临震异常变化相对增多;在回升过程中或异常恢复后发震。
The anomalous change features of resistivity in the monitoring stations,which are located near or far from the epicenter of Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake in 2008,are analyzed. There were intermediate-term anomalies for more than one year at Pixian,Ganzi,Mianning and Wudu stations which are less than 400 km from the epicenter,and short and imminent-term anomalies even existed at Lanzhou and Tianshui stations which are far from the epicenter. Also the data of electrical resistivity in past several tens years for 9 large earthquakes with M≥7.0 are summarized. The result shows that most anomalous resistivity changes before large earthquake are negative and the value curves are decline,earthquake often occur near the position of extremum or in resuming process. The anomalies can be found at most stations near epicenter,lasting for more than one year with annual rariation disappear. The short and imminent-term change can be observed also. For far stations,only some have the anomaly,mainly are short and imminent,and event occurs in or after resuming process.
The anomalous change features of resistivity in the monitoring stations,which are located near or far from the epicenter of Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake in 2008,are analyzed. There were intermediate-term anomalies for more than one year at Pixian,Ganzi,Mianning and Wudu stations which are less than 400 km from the epicenter,and short and imminent-term anomalies even existed at Lanzhou and Tianshui stations which are far from the epicenter. Also the data of electrical resistivity in past several tens years for 9 large earthquakes with M≥7.0 are summarized. The result shows that most anomalous resistivity changes before large earthquake are negative and the value curves are decline,earthquake often occur near the position of extremum or in resuming process. The anomalies can be found at most stations near epicenter,lasting for more than one year with annual rariation disappear. The short and imminent-term change can be observed also. For far stations,only some have the anomaly,mainly are short and imminent,and event occurs in or after resuming process.
引文
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[14]杜学斌,马占虎,叶青,等.与强震有关的视电阻率各项异性变化[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):93-100.
[15]阮爱国,李清河,赵和云.APE理论与地电阻率前兆[J].西北地震学报,2000,22(3):209-216.
[16]钱家栋.曹爱民.1976年唐山7.8级地震地电阻率和地下水前兆综合物理机制研究[J].地震,1998,18(增刊):1-9.
[17]Crampin S,Evans R,Atkinson B K.Earthquake prediction:A new physical basis[J].Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1984,76:147-156.
[18]Crampin S,Booth D C,Evans R,et al..Changes in shear wave splitting at Anza near the ti me of the North Pal m Springs earthquake[J].J.Geophy.Res.,1990,98(B7):11197-11212.
[19]马占虎,杜学彬,谭大成,等.地震电性变化及其物理机制初步讨论[J].西北地震学报,2004,26(3):234-239.
[2]徐锡伟,闻学泽,于慎鄂,等.汶川M8.0地震地表破裂的发现及其发震构造讨论[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):578-600.
[3]Jun Lu,Shunzhang Xue,Fuye Qian,et al..Unexpected chan-ges in resistivity monitoring for earthquakes of the Longmen Shanin Sichuan,China,with a fixed Schlumberger sounding array[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2004,145,(1-4):87-97.
[4]马宗晋,等.1966-1976年中国九大地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1982.
[5]汪志亮,王志贤,余素荣.地电前兆异常特征及澜沧一耿马7.6级等地震预报问题[J].地震,1995,(3):240-245.
[6]Brace WF.Dilatancy-related elect resistivity Changes in rocks[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1975,13(1/2):207-217.
[7]郝锦绮,冯锐,周建国,等.岩石破裂过程中电阻率变化机理的探讨[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(3):426-434.
[8]Yamazaki Y.Electrical conductivity of strained rocks,1,Labo-ratory experi ments on sedi mentary rocks[J].Bull.Earthquake Inst.Univ.Tokyo,1965,43:783-802.
[9]张学民,翟彦忠,郭建芳,等.2004年印尼8.7级强震前昌黎台的远场电性异常特征探讨[J].地震,2006,26(4):82-93.
[10]Freed A M.Earthquake triggering by static,dynamic,and postseismic stress transfer[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2005,33:335-367.
[11]国家地震局预测预防司.电磁学分析预报方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1998:32-33.
[12]赵玉林,钱复业,许同春.受力条件下岩(土)层电阻率变化的放大系数及其与应变关系的研究[A]∥国家地震局.地震预报方法实用化文集地磁地电专辑[G].北京:学术书刊出版社,1990:334-342.
[13]杜学斌,叶青,马占虎,等.强地震附近电阻率对称四极观测的探测深度[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1943-1949.
[14]杜学斌,马占虎,叶青,等.与强震有关的视电阻率各项异性变化[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):93-100.
[15]阮爱国,李清河,赵和云.APE理论与地电阻率前兆[J].西北地震学报,2000,22(3):209-216.
[16]钱家栋.曹爱民.1976年唐山7.8级地震地电阻率和地下水前兆综合物理机制研究[J].地震,1998,18(增刊):1-9.
[17]Crampin S,Evans R,Atkinson B K.Earthquake prediction:A new physical basis[J].Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1984,76:147-156.
[18]Crampin S,Booth D C,Evans R,et al..Changes in shear wave splitting at Anza near the ti me of the North Pal m Springs earthquake[J].J.Geophy.Res.,1990,98(B7):11197-11212.
[19]马占虎,杜学彬,谭大成,等.地震电性变化及其物理机制初步讨论[J].西北地震学报,2004,26(3):234-239.
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