北京十三陵中元古代串岭沟期地质事件的探索
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摘要
宏观、微观和地球化学研究结果证明在北京十三陵中元古界长城系串沟组有地质事件层。宏观标志包括一系列地震滑塌、砂体液化、层内错断和角砾化构造等;微观标志包括火山晶屑、火山玻璃的假像、显微层内错位等。地球化学资料表明,Re、Os及其同位素和Ir含量异常,某些稀有元素含量的对比等等,都有可能说明地质事件引起了异常现象的出现。笔者认为串岭沟组的地质事件是由于燕山裂陷槽形成早期的火山活动及由其引发的地震事件产生的。根据北京十三陵串岭沟组地质事件记录的研究,对比蓟县、宽城和曲阳等地的剖面后,笔者认为十三陵地区的串岭沟组相当于蓟县串岭沟组的上部层位。此外,串岭沟组出现火山—地震事件可能导致常州沟组后生动物遗迹化石的延续性被破坏;串岭沟组和常州沟组泥岩中有可能存在自生独居石,自生独居石为U,Th-Pb法同位素测年提供可能。
A geological event set in the middle part of the Chuanlinggou Formation was demonstrated by a series of macroscopic, microscopic, and geochemical records. The macroscopic event structures include interformational slumps and faults, sand-liquefaction, carbonate brecciation etc. ; the microscopic ones include micro-fault, micro-liquefaction veinlets, pyroclastic crystals, and pseudomorphs of tuff glass etc. Earthquake shocking induced all of above events, which are interpreted in this paper as a result of volcanic eruption. Besides, there are abnormal geochemical records such as Re, Os, Ir as well as other rare elements in black silty mudstones or shales of the Chuanlinggou Formation. The geological event records in the Chuanlinggou Formation give a clue to interpret the interruption of so-called oldest metazoan trace fossils from the overlying Changzhougou Formation. Besides, this paper suggests that an authigenic rare earth element mineral-monazite might be found from the Chuanlinggou and Changzhougou Formations according to the anomalously high Ce content because the authigenic monazite has been already discovered from the Precambrian mudstone of the Dalian area. The discovery of authigenic monozite provides a possibility for isotopic age determination by using the U and Th-Pb methods. The authors of this paper hold that the Chuanlinggou Formation of the Ming Tombs District of Beijing corresponds to the upper part of the Chuanlinggou Formation of the Jixian section of Tianjin.
A geological event set in the middle part of the Chuanlinggou Formation was demonstrated by a series of macroscopic, microscopic, and geochemical records. The macroscopic event structures include interformational slumps and faults, sand-liquefaction, carbonate brecciation etc. ; the microscopic ones include micro-fault, micro-liquefaction veinlets, pyroclastic crystals, and pseudomorphs of tuff glass etc. Earthquake shocking induced all of above events, which are interpreted in this paper as a result of volcanic eruption. Besides, there are abnormal geochemical records such as Re, Os, Ir as well as other rare elements in black silty mudstones or shales of the Chuanlinggou Formation. The geological event records in the Chuanlinggou Formation give a clue to interpret the interruption of so-called oldest metazoan trace fossils from the overlying Changzhougou Formation. Besides, this paper suggests that an authigenic rare earth element mineral-monazite might be found from the Chuanlinggou and Changzhougou Formations according to the anomalously high Ce content because the authigenic monazite has been already discovered from the Precambrian mudstone of the Dalian area. The discovery of authigenic monozite provides a possibility for isotopic age determination by using the U and Th-Pb methods. The authors of this paper hold that the Chuanlinggou Formation of the Ming Tombs District of Beijing corresponds to the upper part of the Chuanlinggou Formation of the Jixian section of Tianjin.
引文
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郁建华,付会芹,张凤兰等.1990． 北京及邻近元古宙裂谷槽中球斑花岗岩套的地球化学.地质学报,64(4) :322～336．
赵澄林,李儒峰,周劲松.1997． 华北中新元古界油气地质与沉积学.北京:地质出版社,30～50．
Fairchld J I, Einsele G, Song Tianrui. 1997． Possible seismic origin of molar tooth structures in Neoproterozic carbonate ramp deposits, North China. Sedimentology, 44: 611～636．
Plumb T K. 1991． New Precambrian Time Scale. Episdes, 14(2) :139～140．
Seilacher A. 1969． Fault-graded bedding interpreted as seismites. Sedimentology, 13(1～2) :943～951．
Seilacher A, Bose P K, Pluger F. 1998． Triploblastic animals more than 1 billion years ago: Trace fossil evidence from India. Science, 282:80～83．
Song Tianrui, Einsele G. 1996． Proterozoic sedimentary facies and their depositional environments in the Ming Tombs district, Beijing. In: Field trip guide, 30th Internatiohal Geological Congress. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, T201． 1～22．
Song Tianrui, Gao Jian. 1985． Tidal sedimentary structures from Upper Precambrian rocks of the Ming Tombs District, Beijing (Peking), China. Precambrian Research, 29: 98～107．
Song Tianrui, Gao Jian. 1986． Are these the oldest metazoan trace fossils found in China? Chinese Science Bulletin, 1:831～834．
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志等.1994． 碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列.地质学报,68(1) :16～32．
乔秀夫,宋天锐,李海兵等.1996． 辽东半岛南部震旦系-下寒武统成因地层--附大连市金石滩海岸国家级风景区旅游导游.北京:科学出版社,38～53．
宋天锐.1988． 北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震-海啸序列.科学通报,609～111．
宋天锐.1998． 沉积地层中的地震事件记录及其意义.见:北京大学国际地质科学研讨会论文集.北京:地震出版社,212～220．
宋天锐.1999． 大连地区前寒武系沉积岩中发现自生独居石及其意义,沉积学报,17(增刊):663～666．
宋天锐,高健.1985． 这些是中国发现的最古老的痕迹化石吗?科学通报,12:925～928．
宋天锐,高健.1985． 最古老的后生动物痕迹化石-对北京十三陵前寒武系常州沟组充填管构造的探讨.沉积学报,3:85～96．
宋天锐,高健.1987． 北京十三陵前寒武系沉积岩.北京:地质出版社,93～106．
宋天锐,赵震,王长尧等.1991． 华北元古宙沉积岩.北京:北京科学技术出版社,1～18．
郁建华,付会芹,张凤兰等.1990． 北京及邻近元古宙裂谷槽中球斑花岗岩套的地球化学.地质学报,64(4) :322～336．
赵澄林,李儒峰,周劲松.1997． 华北中新元古界油气地质与沉积学.北京:地质出版社,30～50．
Fairchld J I, Einsele G, Song Tianrui. 1997． Possible seismic origin of molar tooth structures in Neoproterozic carbonate ramp deposits, North China. Sedimentology, 44: 611～636．
Plumb T K. 1991． New Precambrian Time Scale. Episdes, 14(2) :139～140．
Seilacher A. 1969． Fault-graded bedding interpreted as seismites. Sedimentology, 13(1～2) :943～951．
Seilacher A, Bose P K, Pluger F. 1998． Triploblastic animals more than 1 billion years ago: Trace fossil evidence from India. Science, 282:80～83．
Song Tianrui, Einsele G. 1996． Proterozoic sedimentary facies and their depositional environments in the Ming Tombs district, Beijing. In: Field trip guide, 30th Internatiohal Geological Congress. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, T201． 1～22．
Song Tianrui, Gao Jian. 1985． Tidal sedimentary structures from Upper Precambrian rocks of the Ming Tombs District, Beijing (Peking), China. Precambrian Research, 29: 98～107．
Song Tianrui, Gao Jian. 1986． Are these the oldest metazoan trace fossils found in China? Chinese Science Bulletin, 1:831～834．
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