工程水文地质学及其在水电工程中的应用概述
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摘要
工程水文地质问题产生于人类工程活动与地质环境中岩土体和地下水之间的相互制约和相互作用过程中 ,由于问题本身的复杂性 ,目前对这类问题的研究尚处于相对分散的单一研究状态 ,缺乏系统的从地质机制分析到地质模型抽象 ,进而由模拟再现到发展趋势预测以及治理措施论证的全过程研究。本文在系统分析、总结水电工程中水 -岩和水 -工程建筑的作用类型及特征基础上 ,认为可能出现的工程水文地质问题主要是 :水库诱发地震、岩溶渗漏、库岸及高边坡的稳定、坝基、坝肩抗滑稳定、枢纽区深层承压水问题等。
Engineering-hydrogeological problems are arisen from the interaction between engineering activities and geological environment, in which rock and soil mass and groundwater are the especially important constituents. Howerer, today research on them is relatively dispersive and simple due to their complexity and lack of comprehensive and systematic study methods starting from geological analysis of mechanism to geological model based on geological regularities, then to prediction of the tendency of geological evolvement and taking proper measures for solving the problems. In this paper, according to existence of water-sensitive structure in hydroelectric power project region and based on the comprehensive study of types and characteristics of the interaction between groundwater and rock and soil mass, and groundwater and engineering construction, the possible engineering Hydrogeological problems are reservoir in duced earthquakes leakage from reservoir bottom in karst, stability of high slope at reservoir banks, sliding of dam foundation and dam abutment, and confined water at key positions which are introduced and determined byusing water-sensitive factors (or structure) and according to special hydrogeological conditions .
Engineering-hydrogeological problems are arisen from the interaction between engineering activities and geological environment, in which rock and soil mass and groundwater are the especially important constituents. Howerer, today research on them is relatively dispersive and simple due to their complexity and lack of comprehensive and systematic study methods starting from geological analysis of mechanism to geological model based on geological regularities, then to prediction of the tendency of geological evolvement and taking proper measures for solving the problems. In this paper, according to existence of water-sensitive structure in hydroelectric power project region and based on the comprehensive study of types and characteristics of the interaction between groundwater and rock and soil mass, and groundwater and engineering construction, the possible engineering Hydrogeological problems are reservoir in duced earthquakes leakage from reservoir bottom in karst, stability of high slope at reservoir banks, sliding of dam foundation and dam abutment, and confined water at key positions which are introduced and determined byusing water-sensitive factors (or structure) and according to special hydrogeological conditions .
引文
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[2] 王思敬.论人类工程活动与地质环境的相互作用及其环境效应[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1997,8(1):19～26.WangSijing.InteractionbetweenHumanEngineeringActivityandGeo-environmentanditsenvironmentaleffects.JournalofGeologicalHaz ardsandEnvironmentPreservation,1997,8(1):19～26.
[3] 张咸恭.地下水对工程和环境的作用[J].工程地质学报,1993,创刊号:1～6.ZhangXiangong.TheActionofGroundwaterontheEngineeringProjectandtheirEnvironments.JournalofEngineeringGeology,1993,1(1):1～6.
[4] 王士天,刘汉超,张倬元等.大型水域水岩相互作用及其环境效应研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1997,8(1):69～89.WangShitian,LiuHanchao,ZhangZhuoyuanetal..Researchonthewater-rockinteractionanditsenvironmentaleffectsinreservoirareas.JournalofGeologicalHazardsandEnvironmentPreservation,1997,8(1):69～89.
[5] 王思敬等.水库地区水岩作用及其地质环境影响[J].工程地质学报,1996,4(3):1～9.WangSijing,etal..Ontherock-waterinteractioninReservoirareasanditsGeo-environmentaleffect.JournalofEngineeringGeology,1996,4(3):1～9.
[6] 陈梦熊.现代水文地质学的演变与发展[J].水文地质工程地质,1993,(3):1～3.ChenMengxiong.EvolutionandDevelopmentofHydrogeologyinthecontemporaryage.HydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology,1993,(3):1～3.
[7] 孙玉科.21世纪中国大型工程与工程地质问题[J].工程地质学报,1995,3(4):1～11.SunYuke.ThelargeEngineeringProjectsandtheirEngineeringGeolog icalProblemsinChinain21stCentury.JournalofEngineeringGeology,1995,3(4):1～11.
[8] 臧绍先.水的渗透作用及新丰江水库地震的特点和机制[J].地震地质,1983,5(2):59～69.ZangShaoxian.TheeffectofinfiltratingofwaterandmechanismandcharacteristicsofearthquakesinXinFengjiangreservoir.SeismologyAndGeology,1983,5(2):59～69.
[9] XuMo,WangShitianandHuangRunqiu.Asimulationofbeddingpore-waterpressurediffusionintongjiezireservoir.9thInternationalCongressoftheInternationalAssociationforEngineeringGeologyandtheEnvironment.Durban,SouthAfrica,20022176～2183.
[10] 王法西.天桥水电站坝基承压水处理及实测资料分析[J].水文地质工程地质,1989,(1):44～47.WangFaxi.ThehandleofembankmentfoundationholdedwaterandtherealdatumanalysisinthehydropowerstationofTianqiao.HydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology,1989,(1):44～47.
[11] 许模,王士天,方学东等.官地水电站坝区承压水形成的主控因素研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2002,13(1):65～68.XuMo,WangShitian,FangXuedong.StudyonGeologicalFactorsControllingConfinedWater’sFormationatKeyPositionofGuandiHy dropowerstation.JournalofGeologicalHazardsandEnvironmentPreservation,2002,13(1):65～68.
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