柴达木盆地跃进二号构造生物礁储层特征及其形成条件研究
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摘要
柴达木盆地西部跃进二号构造下干柴沟组上段(E32)发育了湖相生物礁,主要有由基质支撑的藻叠层石礁和骨架生物礁2种类型。生物礁孔隙非常发育,是该区的优质储层。对跃西4井生物礁储层物性进行了重点测试,其孔隙度平均26.1%,渗透率平均达97.2×10-3μm2。孔隙类型主要有:粒间孔隙、骨架孔隙、体腔孔隙、粒内孔隙以及溶孔和溶洞。生物礁的地震响应和测井曲线特征明显,结合岩心和录井资料可以有效地识别和预测生物礁。生物礁的形成除了生物因素以外,还会受到古气候、古纬度、古水动力、古水介质条件以及陆源碎屑等的影响;同时,它的发育受大地构造、湖底地形的控制。生物礁的发现对于青海油田油气勘探与开发具重要的现实意义。
In the Yuejin-2 structure of the western Qaidam basin, Palaeogene organic reefs are developed in the lower member of the lower Ganchaigou Formation (E~~23), and two types of reefs are recognized: matrix-supported reefs(stromatolites)and skeleton-supported reefs (frame reefs). The reefs have complex pores, such as interparticle pores, skeletal pores, coelomic pores, intraparticle pores and corroded cavities, which are excellent reservoirs in the study area. Reservoir characteristics of the reefs in the Yuexi-4 well are thoroughly tested, whose average porosity is 26.1% and average permeability is 97.2×10~-3 μm~2. The organic reefs show distinct characteristics of seismic response and well logs, so the reefs may be identified and predicted according to their geophysical characteristics. Besides biotic factors, their development is affected by palaeoclimate, palaeolatitude, palaeo-hydropower, palaeo-aqueous media and terrigenous clasts. On the other hand, their development is controlled by tectonic structure and landform of the lakebed. The discovery of Palaeogene organic reefs in the Qaidam basin is of important practical significance for the exploration and development of the Qinghai Oilfield.
In the Yuejin-2 structure of the western Qaidam basin, Palaeogene organic reefs are developed in the lower member of the lower Ganchaigou Formation (E~~23), and two types of reefs are recognized: matrix-supported reefs(stromatolites)and skeleton-supported reefs (frame reefs). The reefs have complex pores, such as interparticle pores, skeletal pores, coelomic pores, intraparticle pores and corroded cavities, which are excellent reservoirs in the study area. Reservoir characteristics of the reefs in the Yuexi-4 well are thoroughly tested, whose average porosity is 26.1% and average permeability is 97.2×10~-3 μm~2. The organic reefs show distinct characteristics of seismic response and well logs, so the reefs may be identified and predicted according to their geophysical characteristics. Besides biotic factors, their development is affected by palaeoclimate, palaeolatitude, palaeo-hydropower, palaeo-aqueous media and terrigenous clasts. On the other hand, their development is controlled by tectonic structure and landform of the lakebed. The discovery of Palaeogene organic reefs in the Qaidam basin is of important practical significance for the exploration and development of the Qinghai Oilfield.
引文
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姜月华,岳文浙,柳祖汉,杨孟达,金善火,武金云.2000.湖南晚二叠世生物礁成岩作用的碳、氧同位素研究.地质论评,46(2):190~196.
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寿建峰,邵文斌,陈子火斗,沈安江.2003.柴西地区第三系藻灰(云)岩的岩石类型与分布特征.石油勘探与开发,30(4):37~39.
孙岩,沈安江,徐洋,林年添.2002.柴达木盆地跃进地区下干柴沟组上段藻丘灰岩储层特征.沉积学报,20(1):61~69.
田树刚,范嘉松.2002.东昆仑早—中二叠世生物礁建造特征.地质学报,76(2):145~154.
吴亚生.1989.广西隆林下二叠统生物礁的综合研究.地质论评,35(1):52~59.
吴亚生,范嘉松,金玉.2003.晚二叠世末的生物礁出露及其意义.地质学报,77(3):289~296.
余辉龙,邓宏文,胡勇.2002.从古地磁资料看柴达木盆地古构造环境.石油勘探与开发,29(6):41~44.
曾鼎乾,刘炳温,黄蕴明.1988.中国各地质历史时期生物礁.北京:石油工业出版社,1~74,275~291.
曾允孚,王正瑛,田洪均.1983.广西大厂龙头山泥盆纪生物礁的研究.地质论评,29(4):321~330.
赵焕庭.1996.我国生物礁研究的发展.第四纪研究,16(3):253~261.
赵贤正,陈子火斗,陈洪德,寿建峰,施泽进.2004.柴达木盆地西部地区第三系湖相藻(蓝细菌)灰岩储层成因类型.沉积学报,22(2):216~224.
BadiozamaniK.1973.Thedoragdolomitizationmodel-applicationtotheMiddleOrdovicianofWisconsin.J.Sediment.Petrology,43:965~984.
ChenXueshi,GengZhongxia.1999.ReefpalaeopoolandpredictionofburiedreefsintheLowerPermianseriesfromShiwandashanbasinofGuangxiProvince.ActaGeologicaSinica,73(4):350~359(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
GongEnpu.1993.GrowthdynamicsoftheMiddleDevonianJukoupubioherm,Xinshao,Hunan.ActaGeologicaSinica,67(3):276~286(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
GuShusong,XuWang,XueChao,etal.1990.PetroleumGeologyofChina(Vol.14).Beijing:PetroleumIndustryPress,14:153~159(inChinese).
GuoZeqing,ZhongJianhua,LiuWeihong,WenZhifengLiuZuhan,WangHaiqiao.2004.ReservoircharacteristicsandsignificanceofTertiarylacustrainreefsintheWesternQaidambasin.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,22(3):425~433(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
HongTianqiu,HuangMing,FlajsG.2000.AstudyofDevonianreefsfromSouthernChina.ActaGeologicaSinica(EnglishEdition),74(4):727~739.
HuangLigong,ZhongJianhua,GuoZeqing,LiuYuntian,JiangBo,GuanQuanjun,LiuZuhan,ZhangYuezhong,ZhangYongshu,LiYong.2004.EvolutionoftheAltunorogenicbeltintheMesozoicandCenozoic.ActaGeoscienticaSinica,25(3):287~294(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
JamesNP,ChopuettePW.1983.Diagenesis-5,limestone:introduction.GeoscienceCanada,10:159~161.
JiangYuehua,YueWenzhe,LiuZuhan,YangMengda,JinShanyu,WuJinyun.2000.AnapplicationofcarbonandoxygenisotopestoLatePermianreefdiagenesisinHunanProvince.GeologicalReview,46(2):190~196(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
JinShanyu,JuTianyin.1998.Distributioncharacteristics,genesisandreservoirpropertyofSinian-TriassicreefsinSouthernChina.Shanghai:ShanghaiScienceandTechnologyPress,1~141(inChinese).
LeiBianjun,QianZitong,WenYingchu.1994.DolomitizationoftheupperPermianorganicreefsineasternSichuananditsadjacentareas.GeologicalReview,40(6):534~542(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
QianKai,WangSumin,LiuShufan,ShiHuaxing.1980.ThediscoveryofPalaeogenereeflimestoneinthenorthofEastChinaanditssignificanceofpetroleumgeology.ChineseScienceBulletin,25(24):1140~1142(inChinese).
RidingR.2002.Structureandcompositionoforganicreefsandcarbonatemudmounds:conceptsandcategories.Earth-ScienceReviews,58(1~2):163~231.
ShouJianfeng,ShaoWenbin,ChenZiliao,ShenAnjiang.2003.LithologicaltypesanddistributionfeaturesofTertiaryalgallimestoneinChaixiarea,Qaidambasin.PetroleumExplorationandDevelopment,30(4):37~39(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
SunYan,ShenAnjiang,XuYang,LinNiantian.2002.AresearchonE32algalreefreservoirinYuejinarea,Qaidambasin,NorthwesternChina.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,20(1):61~69(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
TianShugang,FangJiasong.2001.Early-MiddlePermianreefframeworksandreef-buildingmodelsintheEasternKunlunMountains.ActaGeologicaSinica(EnglishEdition),75(2):115~125.
TianShugang,FanJiasong.2002.Reef-buildingmechanismintheEarly-MiddlePermian,theEastKunlun.ActaGeologicaSinica,76(2):145~154(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
WuYasheng.1989.TheEarlyPermianorganicreefs,Longlincounty,GuangxiProvince.GeologicalReview,35(1):52~59(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
WuYasheng,FangJiasong.JinYu.2003.EmergenceofthelatePermianChanghsingianreefsattheendofthePermian.ActaGeologicaSinica,77(3):289~296(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
YuHuilong,DengHongwen,HuYong.2002.Paleo-stuctutalenvironmentstudybypaleomagnetismdatainQaidambasin.PetroleumExplorationandDevelopment,29(6):41~44(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ZengDingqian,LiuBingwen,HuangYunming.1988.ReefthroughgeologicalagesinChina.Beijing:PetroleumIndustryPress,1~74,275~291(inChinese).
ZengYunfu,WangZhengying,TianHongjun.1983.ThestudyoftheDevonianLongtoushanorganicreefinDachang,Guangxi.GeologicalReview,29(4):321~330(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhaoTinghuan.1996.DevelopmentoforganicreefstudyinChina.QuaternarySciences,16(3):253~261(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhaoXianzheng,ChenZiliao,ChenHongde,ShouJianfeng,ShiZejin.2004.CenetictypesofTertiarylacustrinealgal(cyanobacteria)limestonesreservoirsinwesternQaidambasin.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,22(2):216~224(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhongJianhua,WenZhifeng,GuoZeqing,WangHaiqiao,GaoJianbo.2004.PaleogenandearlyNegenelacustrinereefsinthewesternQaidambasin,China.ActaGeologicaSinica(EnglishEdition),78(3):736~743.
2管全俊.2002.在甘肃敦煌召开的第七届全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议上所作的学术报告.
陈学时,耿忠霞.1999.广西十万大山盆地下二叠统生物礁古油藏及隐伏礁预测.地质学报,73(4):350~359
巩恩普.1993.湖南新邵巨口铺中泥盆世生物礁生长动力学研究.地质学报,67(3):276~286.
顾树松,徐旺,薛超,等.1990.中国石油地质志(第14卷).北京:石油工业出版社,153~159.
郭泽清,钟建华,刘卫红,温志峰,柳祖汉,王海侨.2004.柴西第三纪湖相生物礁储层特征及意义.沉积学报,22(3):425~433.
胡平忠,王金中.1996.珠江口盆地第三纪生物礁.见:范嘉松主编.中国生物礁与油气.北京:海洋出版社,294~323.
黄立功,钟建华,郭泽清,刘云田,江波,管全俊,柳祖汉,张跃中,张永庶,李勇.2004.阿尔金造山带中、新生代的演化.地球学报,25(3):287~294.
姜月华,岳文浙,柳祖汉,杨孟达,金善火,武金云.2000.湖南晚二叠世生物礁成岩作用的碳、氧同位素研究.地质论评,46(2):190~196.
金善火,鞠天吟.1998.中国南方震旦纪—三叠纪生物礁分布特征、成因及储集性能的研究.上海:上海科学技术出版社,11~141.
库兹涅佐夫.1983.礁地质学及礁的含油气性.李建温译.北京:石油工业出版社,59~66.
雷卞军,强子同,文应初.1994.川东及邻区上二叠统生物礁的白云石化.地质论评,40(6):534~542.
钱凯,王素民,刘淑范,时华星.1980.华东北部下第三系礁灰岩的发现及其石油地质意义.科学通报,25(24):1140~1142.
寿建峰,邵文斌,陈子火斗,沈安江.2003.柴西地区第三系藻灰(云)岩的岩石类型与分布特征.石油勘探与开发,30(4):37~39.
孙岩,沈安江,徐洋,林年添.2002.柴达木盆地跃进地区下干柴沟组上段藻丘灰岩储层特征.沉积学报,20(1):61~69.
田树刚,范嘉松.2002.东昆仑早—中二叠世生物礁建造特征.地质学报,76(2):145~154.
吴亚生.1989.广西隆林下二叠统生物礁的综合研究.地质论评,35(1):52~59.
吴亚生,范嘉松,金玉.2003.晚二叠世末的生物礁出露及其意义.地质学报,77(3):289~296.
余辉龙,邓宏文,胡勇.2002.从古地磁资料看柴达木盆地古构造环境.石油勘探与开发,29(6):41~44.
曾鼎乾,刘炳温,黄蕴明.1988.中国各地质历史时期生物礁.北京:石油工业出版社,1~74,275~291.
曾允孚,王正瑛,田洪均.1983.广西大厂龙头山泥盆纪生物礁的研究.地质论评,29(4):321~330.
赵焕庭.1996.我国生物礁研究的发展.第四纪研究,16(3):253~261.
赵贤正,陈子火斗,陈洪德,寿建峰,施泽进.2004.柴达木盆地西部地区第三系湖相藻(蓝细菌)灰岩储层成因类型.沉积学报,22(2):216~224.
BadiozamaniK.1973.Thedoragdolomitizationmodel-applicationtotheMiddleOrdovicianofWisconsin.J.Sediment.Petrology,43:965~984.
ChenXueshi,GengZhongxia.1999.ReefpalaeopoolandpredictionofburiedreefsintheLowerPermianseriesfromShiwandashanbasinofGuangxiProvince.ActaGeologicaSinica,73(4):350~359(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
GongEnpu.1993.GrowthdynamicsoftheMiddleDevonianJukoupubioherm,Xinshao,Hunan.ActaGeologicaSinica,67(3):276~286(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
GuShusong,XuWang,XueChao,etal.1990.PetroleumGeologyofChina(Vol.14).Beijing:PetroleumIndustryPress,14:153~159(inChinese).
GuoZeqing,ZhongJianhua,LiuWeihong,WenZhifengLiuZuhan,WangHaiqiao.2004.ReservoircharacteristicsandsignificanceofTertiarylacustrainreefsintheWesternQaidambasin.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,22(3):425~433(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
HongTianqiu,HuangMing,FlajsG.2000.AstudyofDevonianreefsfromSouthernChina.ActaGeologicaSinica(EnglishEdition),74(4):727~739.
HuangLigong,ZhongJianhua,GuoZeqing,LiuYuntian,JiangBo,GuanQuanjun,LiuZuhan,ZhangYuezhong,ZhangYongshu,LiYong.2004.EvolutionoftheAltunorogenicbeltintheMesozoicandCenozoic.ActaGeoscienticaSinica,25(3):287~294(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
JamesNP,ChopuettePW.1983.Diagenesis-5,limestone:introduction.GeoscienceCanada,10:159~161.
JiangYuehua,YueWenzhe,LiuZuhan,YangMengda,JinShanyu,WuJinyun.2000.AnapplicationofcarbonandoxygenisotopestoLatePermianreefdiagenesisinHunanProvince.GeologicalReview,46(2):190~196(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
JinShanyu,JuTianyin.1998.Distributioncharacteristics,genesisandreservoirpropertyofSinian-TriassicreefsinSouthernChina.Shanghai:ShanghaiScienceandTechnologyPress,1~141(inChinese).
LeiBianjun,QianZitong,WenYingchu.1994.DolomitizationoftheupperPermianorganicreefsineasternSichuananditsadjacentareas.GeologicalReview,40(6):534~542(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
QianKai,WangSumin,LiuShufan,ShiHuaxing.1980.ThediscoveryofPalaeogenereeflimestoneinthenorthofEastChinaanditssignificanceofpetroleumgeology.ChineseScienceBulletin,25(24):1140~1142(inChinese).
RidingR.2002.Structureandcompositionoforganicreefsandcarbonatemudmounds:conceptsandcategories.Earth-ScienceReviews,58(1~2):163~231.
ShouJianfeng,ShaoWenbin,ChenZiliao,ShenAnjiang.2003.LithologicaltypesanddistributionfeaturesofTertiaryalgallimestoneinChaixiarea,Qaidambasin.PetroleumExplorationandDevelopment,30(4):37~39(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
SunYan,ShenAnjiang,XuYang,LinNiantian.2002.AresearchonE32algalreefreservoirinYuejinarea,Qaidambasin,NorthwesternChina.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,20(1):61~69(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
TianShugang,FangJiasong.2001.Early-MiddlePermianreefframeworksandreef-buildingmodelsintheEasternKunlunMountains.ActaGeologicaSinica(EnglishEdition),75(2):115~125.
TianShugang,FanJiasong.2002.Reef-buildingmechanismintheEarly-MiddlePermian,theEastKunlun.ActaGeologicaSinica,76(2):145~154(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
WuYasheng.1989.TheEarlyPermianorganicreefs,Longlincounty,GuangxiProvince.GeologicalReview,35(1):52~59(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
WuYasheng,FangJiasong.JinYu.2003.EmergenceofthelatePermianChanghsingianreefsattheendofthePermian.ActaGeologicaSinica,77(3):289~296(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
YuHuilong,DengHongwen,HuYong.2002.Paleo-stuctutalenvironmentstudybypaleomagnetismdatainQaidambasin.PetroleumExplorationandDevelopment,29(6):41~44(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ZengDingqian,LiuBingwen,HuangYunming.1988.ReefthroughgeologicalagesinChina.Beijing:PetroleumIndustryPress,1~74,275~291(inChinese).
ZengYunfu,WangZhengying,TianHongjun.1983.ThestudyoftheDevonianLongtoushanorganicreefinDachang,Guangxi.GeologicalReview,29(4):321~330(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhaoTinghuan.1996.DevelopmentoforganicreefstudyinChina.QuaternarySciences,16(3):253~261(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhaoXianzheng,ChenZiliao,ChenHongde,ShouJianfeng,ShiZejin.2004.CenetictypesofTertiarylacustrinealgal(cyanobacteria)limestonesreservoirsinwesternQaidambasin.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,22(2):216~224(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
ZhongJianhua,WenZhifeng,GuoZeqing,WangHaiqiao,GaoJianbo.2004.PaleogenandearlyNegenelacustrinereefsinthewesternQaidambasin,China.ActaGeologicaSinica(EnglishEdition),78(3):736~743.
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