现代海底典型热液活动区地形环境特征分析
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摘要
对现代海底热液活动区地形环境特征的分析有助于增进对现代热液活动及其矿产资源分布规律、热液活动成因机制等的了解.在冲绳海槽热液活动区实测水深资料的基础上,广泛收集了其他典型热液活动区的水深、多波束、地震剖面等资料,据此绘制出主要典型热液活动区的三维地形图.通过对典型热液区地形环境特征的系统分析和对比研究发现尽管现代海底热液活动广泛分布在大洋中脊、转换断层、弧后扩张盆地等各种不同的张性构造环境及现代海底火山活动区,但也仅出现在特殊的地形环境条件下.
The discuss on the topographical environment characteristics of typical modern marine hydrothermal activity regions will be helpful to increase understanding of the modern hydrothermal activity,the distribution rules of its mineral resources and the forming causes and mechanism,etc.The three-dimensional topography figures of major typical hydrothermal regions are drawn on the basis of field-measured bathymetric data of the Okinawa Trough and collecting a large number of data on bathymetry,multibeam and seismic profiles of other major typical hydrothermal regions.Through the systematic analysis and contrast studies on topographical environment characteristics of these typical regions,it is found that the hydrothermal activity only occurs under the circumstance of the particular topographical environment,though it distributes widely in the tensional tectonic environment,for instance,the mid-ocean ridges,transform faults zones,back-arc spreading basins and the modern marine craters regions.
The discuss on the topographical environment characteristics of typical modern marine hydrothermal activity regions will be helpful to increase understanding of the modern hydrothermal activity,the distribution rules of its mineral resources and the forming causes and mechanism,etc.The three-dimensional topography figures of major typical hydrothermal regions are drawn on the basis of field-measured bathymetric data of the Okinawa Trough and collecting a large number of data on bathymetry,multibeam and seismic profiles of other major typical hydrothermal regions.Through the systematic analysis and contrast studies on topographical environment characteristics of these typical regions,it is found that the hydrothermal activity only occurs under the circumstance of the particular topographical environment,though it distributes widely in the tensional tectonic environment,for instance,the mid-ocean ridges,transform faults zones,back-arc spreading basins and the modern marine craters regions.
引文
[1]翟世奎,陈丽蓉.张海启.冲绳海槽的岩浆作用与海底热液活动[M].北京:海洋出版社,2001.148—151.
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[5]吴世迎,高爱国,王揆祥,等.世界海底热液硫化物资源[M].北京:海洋出版社,2000.326.
[6]吴世迎,刘焱光,李泽林,等.马里亚纳海槽热液区岩石矿物学和岩石化学特征研究[J].黄渤海海洋,2001,19(4):22—23.
[7]BINNS R A,SCOTT S D.Activity forming polymetallic sulfide deposits associated with felsic volcanic rocks in the eastern Manus back-arc basin,Papua New Guinea[J].Econ Geol,1993(88):2 262—2 236.
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[9]FUJIWARA Toshiya,TOSHITSUGU Yamazaki,MASATO Joshima.Bathymetry and magnetic anomalies in the Havre Trough andsouthern Lau Basin:from rifting to spreading in back-arc basins[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001,185:253—264
[10]FOUQUET Y,STACKELBERG U,CHARLOU J L,et al.Metallogenesis in back-arc environments:the Lau Basin example[J].Eco-nomic Geology,1993,88:2 154—2 181.
[11]ALT J C.Hydrothermal oxide and nontronite deposits on the seamounts in the eastern Pacific[J].Marine Geology,1985,81:227—239.
[12]HEKINIAN R,FOUQUET Y.The axial tectonics and off-axial vocanism and mineralization on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N[J].E-conomic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists,1985,80(2):54—68.
[13]PARSON L M,WALKER C L,DIXON D R.Hydrothermal Vents and Processes[M].London:The Geological Society,1995.3—17,87—96.
[14]RONA P A,HANNINTON M D,RAMAN C V,et al.Active and relief sea-floor hydrothermal mineralization at the TAG hydrother-mal field,Mid-Atlantic Ridge[J].Economic Geology,1993,88:1 989—2 017.
[15]LANGMUIR C,HUMPHRIS S,FORNARI D,et al.Hydrothermal vents near a mantle hot spot:the Lucky Strike vent field at 37°N onthe Mid-Atlantic Ridge[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1997,148:69—91.
[16]BRAMLEY J Murton,CINDY Van Dover,EVE Southward.The geological settings and ecology of the Broken Spur hydrothermal ventfield,29°10′N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge[J].Hydrothermal Vents and Processes.Geol Soo Spec Publ London,1995,87:33—41.
[17]RONA P A,SCOTT S D.A special issue on sea-floor hydrothermal mineralization:new perspectives[J].Economic Geology,1993,88:1 935—1 976.
[18]CLAUDE Lalou,UTE Mǔnch,PETER Halbach,et al.Radiochronological investigation of hydrothermal deposits from the MESO zone,Central Indian Ridge[J].Marine Geology,1998,149:243—254.
[19]PETER A Rona,ROBERT P Lowell.Seafloor Spreading Centers Hydrothermal Systems[M].London:Academic Press,1979.196—198.
[20]FOUQUET Y.Where are the large hydrothermal sulphide deposits in the oceans?[A].Philosophical Transaction[C].London:RoyalSociety of London,1997.427—441.
[2]吴世迎,陈穗田,张德玉,等.马里亚纳海槽海底热液活动和热液硫化物研究[J].中国科学,1991,2:198—199.
[3]吴世迎,陈穗田,张德玉,等.马里亚纳海槽海底热液烟囱物研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,1995.129.
[4]STOFFERS P,WU Shi-ying,PUTEANUS D.Cruise Report SONNE 57-Mariana Back?Arc Region and Philippine Basin[R].Kiel:Ge-ol-Palanot Inst Univ,1989.34.
[5]吴世迎,高爱国,王揆祥,等.世界海底热液硫化物资源[M].北京:海洋出版社,2000.326.
[6]吴世迎,刘焱光,李泽林,等.马里亚纳海槽热液区岩石矿物学和岩石化学特征研究[J].黄渤海海洋,2001,19(4):22—23.
[7]BINNS R A,SCOTT S D.Activity forming polymetallic sulfide deposits associated with felsic volcanic rocks in the eastern Manus back-arc basin,Papua New Guinea[J].Econ Geol,1993(88):2 262—2 236.
[8]FOUQUET Y,von STACKELBERG,CHARLOU J L,et al.Hydrothermal activity in the Lau back-arc basin:sulfides and water chemis-try[J].Geology,1991,19(4):303—306.
[9]FUJIWARA Toshiya,TOSHITSUGU Yamazaki,MASATO Joshima.Bathymetry and magnetic anomalies in the Havre Trough andsouthern Lau Basin:from rifting to spreading in back-arc basins[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001,185:253—264
[10]FOUQUET Y,STACKELBERG U,CHARLOU J L,et al.Metallogenesis in back-arc environments:the Lau Basin example[J].Eco-nomic Geology,1993,88:2 154—2 181.
[11]ALT J C.Hydrothermal oxide and nontronite deposits on the seamounts in the eastern Pacific[J].Marine Geology,1985,81:227—239.
[12]HEKINIAN R,FOUQUET Y.The axial tectonics and off-axial vocanism and mineralization on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N[J].E-conomic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists,1985,80(2):54—68.
[13]PARSON L M,WALKER C L,DIXON D R.Hydrothermal Vents and Processes[M].London:The Geological Society,1995.3—17,87—96.
[14]RONA P A,HANNINTON M D,RAMAN C V,et al.Active and relief sea-floor hydrothermal mineralization at the TAG hydrother-mal field,Mid-Atlantic Ridge[J].Economic Geology,1993,88:1 989—2 017.
[15]LANGMUIR C,HUMPHRIS S,FORNARI D,et al.Hydrothermal vents near a mantle hot spot:the Lucky Strike vent field at 37°N onthe Mid-Atlantic Ridge[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1997,148:69—91.
[16]BRAMLEY J Murton,CINDY Van Dover,EVE Southward.The geological settings and ecology of the Broken Spur hydrothermal ventfield,29°10′N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge[J].Hydrothermal Vents and Processes.Geol Soo Spec Publ London,1995,87:33—41.
[17]RONA P A,SCOTT S D.A special issue on sea-floor hydrothermal mineralization:new perspectives[J].Economic Geology,1993,88:1 935—1 976.
[18]CLAUDE Lalou,UTE Mǔnch,PETER Halbach,et al.Radiochronological investigation of hydrothermal deposits from the MESO zone,Central Indian Ridge[J].Marine Geology,1998,149:243—254.
[19]PETER A Rona,ROBERT P Lowell.Seafloor Spreading Centers Hydrothermal Systems[M].London:Academic Press,1979.196—198.
[20]FOUQUET Y.Where are the large hydrothermal sulphide deposits in the oceans?[A].Philosophical Transaction[C].London:RoyalSociety of London,1997.427—441.
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