柴北缘地区层序格架下的沉积特征
摘要
中国中西部含油气沉积盆地大多具有前陆盆地层序组合特征,可以识别出前陆层序和非前陆层序。柴达木盆地柴北缘层序地层格架主要包括非前陆层序的侏罗系和古近系以及前陆层序的新近系。通过井剖面层序分析结合有限的地震剖面,可以对柴达木北缘侏罗系划分7套III级层序。古近系—第四系划分11套III级层序。侏罗系属于非前陆期沉积,新近系属于前陆期沉积。通过柴北缘地区层序框架下沉积特征的解剖,表明柴北缘地区非前陆期遗迹化石以缺氧环境化石群为主,沉积相以河流-湖沼体系为特征。前陆期遗迹化石以陆相氧化河湖相环境化石群为主,湖退体系域(RST)冲积扇-河流三角洲-滨浅湖相沉积体系非常发育。柴达木盆地的沉积层序表现为受构造强烈活动和气候变化的影响,强烈活动期潮湿气候下层序表现为山前带发育进积式准层序组,凹陷区形成退积式准层序组。干旱气候配合下的层序表现为多物源更加明显,山前带沉积物供应更加迅速,且沉积中心迁移强烈。
The sequence stratigraphic framework in the north area of Qaidam Basin mainly includes Jurassic,Palaeogene and Neogene strata.The Jurassic is distributed in the north area of the basin, where the Palaeogene and Neogene occur basin-wide. Based on analysis of well section sequences and several seismic interpretations, the Jurassic is divided into 7 sets of grade-III sequence, and Paleaogene-Quaternary units into 11 sets of grade-III sequence. The Jurassic and Palaeogene deposits belong to a pre-foreland period; Neogene deposits belong to the foreland period. This study of sedimentary reservoirs in a sequence stratigraphic framework shows that in pre-foreland deposits in the north area of the basin, trace fossils mainly indicate oxygen-deficient environments, and the sedimentary facies feature fluvial and limnic depositional systems. Trace fossils in foreland deposits are mainly those for oxygenated environments.The sedimentary facies feature nonmarine fluvial and lacustrine depositional systems, especially alluvial fan-river-delta-shore and shallow lakes in a regressive system tract (RST). The depositional sequence in Qaidam Basin reveals the influence of tectonic movement and climate change. The sequence developed during strong deformation under humid climate conditions is marked by a progradational parasequence set in the foreland and by a retrogradational parasequence set in the depression area. Under dry climate conditions, the sequence shows more obviously polygenic sediments, more rapid sediment supply in the foreland,and strong depocenter migration.
The sequence stratigraphic framework in the north area of Qaidam Basin mainly includes Jurassic,Palaeogene and Neogene strata.The Jurassic is distributed in the north area of the basin, where the Palaeogene and Neogene occur basin-wide. Based on analysis of well section sequences and several seismic interpretations, the Jurassic is divided into 7 sets of grade-III sequence, and Paleaogene-Quaternary units into 11 sets of grade-III sequence. The Jurassic and Palaeogene deposits belong to a pre-foreland period; Neogene deposits belong to the foreland period. This study of sedimentary reservoirs in a sequence stratigraphic framework shows that in pre-foreland deposits in the north area of the basin, trace fossils mainly indicate oxygen-deficient environments, and the sedimentary facies feature fluvial and limnic depositional systems. Trace fossils in foreland deposits are mainly those for oxygenated environments.The sedimentary facies feature nonmarine fluvial and lacustrine depositional systems, especially alluvial fan-river-delta-shore and shallow lakes in a regressive system tract (RST). The depositional sequence in Qaidam Basin reveals the influence of tectonic movement and climate change. The sequence developed during strong deformation under humid climate conditions is marked by a progradational parasequence set in the foreland and by a retrogradational parasequence set in the depression area. Under dry climate conditions, the sequence shows more obviously polygenic sediments, more rapid sediment supply in the foreland,and strong depocenter migration.
引文
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[14]ZHAO Xianzheng,WU Yinye,SHAO Wenbin,et al.The prediction of potential reservoir bodies of the Palaeogene of the South-western Qaidambasin[J].Exploration&Devel-opment of Petroleum,2004,31(2):50-53(in Chinese).
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[18]ZHAO Chenglin.Reservoir Sedi mentology[M].Beijing:Pe-troleumIndustry Press,1998:1-257(in Chinese).
[19]FENG Zengzhao,WANG Yinghua,LI U Huanjie,et al.Sedi mentology of China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994:345-480(in Chinese).
[20]WU Yinye,JI NJiuqiang,LI Yongtie,et al.The transgressive systemtract andits related reservoir bodiesin Paleogene Qai-dambasin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(2):232-243(in Chinese).
[21]JI N Zhenkui,ZHANG Xiangxiang,ZOU Yuanrong,et al.Quantitative study of sedi mentary facies of the lower part of Xiaganchaigou Formation of Palaeogene of Shaxi oilfield in Qinghai Province[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,4(4):99-107(in Chinese).
[22]SUN Shu.Sedi mentology in China:Perspectives and sugges-tions[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(2):3-10(in Chi-nese).
[23]WU Yinye,JI ANG Bo,GUO Bincheng,et al.Characterization of depositional system tract for exploration of lithological pools[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(4):5-10(in Chinese).
[24]ZHANG Shanwen,WANG Yingmin,LI Qun,et al,Using theory of shelf-break to find subtle oil pools[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(3):5-8(in Chinese).
[25]DANG Yuqi,YI NChengming,ZHAO Dongsheng,et al.Sed-i mentary facies and biogenic gas pool of the Quaternary of Sanhu area in Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeogra-phy,2003,6(1):110-118(in Chinese).
[26]DANG Yuqi,ZHANG Daowei,XUZiyuan,et al.Sedi mentaryfa-cies of the Paleogene and Neogene in western Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,6(3):297-306(in Chinese).
[27]ZHANG Min,YI N Chengming,SHOUJianfeng,et al.Sedi-mentary facies of carbonate rocks of the Paleogene and Neo-gene in western Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeogra-phy,2003,6(4):391-400(in Chinese).
[28]YANG Yongtai,ZHANG Baomin,LI Wei,et al.Study of Ju-rassic stratigraphic sequence and sedi mentary facies in north of Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):145-151(in Chinese).
[29]LI N Changsong,ZHANG Yanmei,LI UJingyan,et al.High resolution sequence stratigraphy and reservoir prediction[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):111-117(in Chinese).
[7]顾家裕.陆相盆地层序地层学格架概念及模式[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(4):6-10.
[8]刘震,吴因业.层序地层框架与油气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:10-155.
[12]吴崇筠,薛叔浩.中国含油气盆地沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:11-260.
[13]裘怿南,薛叔浩.油气储层评价技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:1-25.
[14]赵贤正,吴因业,邵文斌,等.柴西南地区古近系有利储集体分布预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(2):50-53.
[16]吴因业,顾家裕.油气层序地层学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:33-152.
[17]朱筱敏.层序地层学[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,2000:20-186.
[18]赵澄林.储层沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:1-257.
[19]冯增昭,王英华,刘焕杰,等.中国沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994:345-480.
[20]吴因业,靳久强,李永铁,等.柴达木盆地古近系湖侵体系域及其相关储集体[J].古地理学报,2003,5(2):232-243.
[21]金振奎,张响响,邹元荣,等.青海砂西油田古近系下干柴沟组下部沉积相定量研究[J].古地理学报,2003,4(4):99-108.
[22]孙枢.中国沉积学的今后发展:若干思考与建议[J].地学前缘,2005,12(2):3-10.
[23]吴因业,江波,郭彬程,等.岩性油气藏勘探的沉积体系域表征技术———以柴达木盆地为例[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(4):358-361.
[24]张善文,王英民,李群.应用坡折带理论寻找隐蔽油气藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):5-8.
[25]党玉琪,尹成明,赵东升.柴达木盆地西部地区古近纪与新近纪沉积相[J].古地理学报,2004,6(3):297-306.
[26]党玉琪,张道伟,徐子远,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系沉积相与生物气成藏[J].古地理学报,2004,6(1):110-118.
[27]张敏,尹成明,寿建峰,等.柴达木盆地西部地区古近系及新近系碳酸盐岩沉积相[J].古地理学报,2004,6(4):391-400.
[28]杨永泰,张宝民,李伟,等.柴达木盆地北缘层序地层与沉积相研究[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):145-151.
[29]林畅松,张燕梅,刘景彦,等.高精度层序地层学和储层预测[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):111-117.
[2]van WAGONERJ C.An overviewof the fundamentals of se-quence stratigraphy and key definitions:Sea-level changes an integrated approach[J].SEPMSpec Publ,1988,42:39-45.
[3]van WAGONER J C.Overview of sequence stratigraphy of foreland basin deposits:Terminology,summary of papers,and glossary of sequence stratigraphy[J].AAPG Memoir,1995:64-69.
[4]van WAGONER C.Sequence stratigraphy and marine to non-marine facies architecture of foreland basin strata,BookCliffs,Utah,US A.Sequence stratigraphy of foreland basin deposits.Outcrop and subsurface examples from the Creta-ceous of North America[J].AAPG Memoir,1995,64:137-223.
[5]VAIL P R.Sequence stratigraphy workbook,fundamentals of sequence stratigraphy[A].BALLY A W.AAPG At-Las of Seismic Stratigraphy[C].AAPG Annual Convention Short Course:Sequence Stratigraphy Interpretation of Seis-mic Stratigraphy Interpretation Procedure.1988:217-259.
[6]VAIL P R,AUDENMRD F,BOWMAN S A,The strati-graphic signatures of tectonics,eustasy and sedi mentology—An overview[A].EI NSEIE G,RICKEN W,SEILADER A.Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy[M].Berlin:Springer-Ver-lag,1991:617-659.
[7]GU Jiayu.Concept and models of sequence stratigraphy in the nonmarine basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Devel-opment,1995,22(4):6-10(in Chinese).
[8]LI U Zhen,WU Yinye.Sequence Stratigraphic Framework and Oil Exploration[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1999:10-155(in Chinese).
[9]van WAGONERJ C,POSAMENTIER H W,MITCHUMJ C,et al.An overview of the fundamentals of sequence stra-tigraphy and key definitions[A].Sea Level Changes an Inte-grated Approach[M].Tulsa:Special Publication,1996:20-65.
[10]EMERY D,MYERS KJ.Sequence Stratigraphy[M].Ox-ford:Blackwell Science,1996:11-265.
[11]VAIL P R,MITCHUM R M,TODD Jr R G,et al.Global-cycles of relative changes of sea level[J].AAPG Memoir,1977,26:83-97.
[12]WU Chongyun,XUE Shuhao.The Oil-gas Bearing Basin Sedi mentology of China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1998:11-260(in Chinese).
[13]QI U Yinan,XUE Shuhao.The Oil-gas Reservoir Evaluation Technology[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1997:1-25(in Chinese).
[14]ZHAO Xianzheng,WU Yinye,SHAO Wenbin,et al.The prediction of potential reservoir bodies of the Palaeogene of the South-western Qaidambasin[J].Exploration&Devel-opment of Petroleum,2004,31(2):50-53(in Chinese).
[15]CROSS T A,BAKER M R,CHAPI N M A,et al.Application of high resolution sequence stratigraphy to reservoir analysis[A].Subsurface Reservoir Characterization from Outcrop Observation[M].Paris:Editions Techniq,1994:11-13.
[16]WU Yinye,GUJiayu.Petroleum Sequence Stratigraphy[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,2002:33-152(in Chi-nese).
[17]ZHU Xiaomin.Sequence Stratigraphy[M].Dongying:Petro-leum University Press,2000:20-186(in Chinese).
[18]ZHAO Chenglin.Reservoir Sedi mentology[M].Beijing:Pe-troleumIndustry Press,1998:1-257(in Chinese).
[19]FENG Zengzhao,WANG Yinghua,LI U Huanjie,et al.Sedi mentology of China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994:345-480(in Chinese).
[20]WU Yinye,JI NJiuqiang,LI Yongtie,et al.The transgressive systemtract andits related reservoir bodiesin Paleogene Qai-dambasin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(2):232-243(in Chinese).
[21]JI N Zhenkui,ZHANG Xiangxiang,ZOU Yuanrong,et al.Quantitative study of sedi mentary facies of the lower part of Xiaganchaigou Formation of Palaeogene of Shaxi oilfield in Qinghai Province[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,4(4):99-107(in Chinese).
[22]SUN Shu.Sedi mentology in China:Perspectives and sugges-tions[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(2):3-10(in Chi-nese).
[23]WU Yinye,JI ANG Bo,GUO Bincheng,et al.Characterization of depositional system tract for exploration of lithological pools[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(4):5-10(in Chinese).
[24]ZHANG Shanwen,WANG Yingmin,LI Qun,et al,Using theory of shelf-break to find subtle oil pools[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(3):5-8(in Chinese).
[25]DANG Yuqi,YI NChengming,ZHAO Dongsheng,et al.Sed-i mentary facies and biogenic gas pool of the Quaternary of Sanhu area in Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeogra-phy,2003,6(1):110-118(in Chinese).
[26]DANG Yuqi,ZHANG Daowei,XUZiyuan,et al.Sedi mentaryfa-cies of the Paleogene and Neogene in western Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,6(3):297-306(in Chinese).
[27]ZHANG Min,YI N Chengming,SHOUJianfeng,et al.Sedi-mentary facies of carbonate rocks of the Paleogene and Neo-gene in western Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeogra-phy,2003,6(4):391-400(in Chinese).
[28]YANG Yongtai,ZHANG Baomin,LI Wei,et al.Study of Ju-rassic stratigraphic sequence and sedi mentary facies in north of Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):145-151(in Chinese).
[29]LI N Changsong,ZHANG Yanmei,LI UJingyan,et al.High resolution sequence stratigraphy and reservoir prediction[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):111-117(in Chinese).
[7]顾家裕.陆相盆地层序地层学格架概念及模式[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(4):6-10.
[8]刘震,吴因业.层序地层框架与油气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:10-155.
[12]吴崇筠,薛叔浩.中国含油气盆地沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:11-260.
[13]裘怿南,薛叔浩.油气储层评价技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:1-25.
[14]赵贤正,吴因业,邵文斌,等.柴西南地区古近系有利储集体分布预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(2):50-53.
[16]吴因业,顾家裕.油气层序地层学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:33-152.
[17]朱筱敏.层序地层学[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,2000:20-186.
[18]赵澄林.储层沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:1-257.
[19]冯增昭,王英华,刘焕杰,等.中国沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994:345-480.
[20]吴因业,靳久强,李永铁,等.柴达木盆地古近系湖侵体系域及其相关储集体[J].古地理学报,2003,5(2):232-243.
[21]金振奎,张响响,邹元荣,等.青海砂西油田古近系下干柴沟组下部沉积相定量研究[J].古地理学报,2003,4(4):99-108.
[22]孙枢.中国沉积学的今后发展:若干思考与建议[J].地学前缘,2005,12(2):3-10.
[23]吴因业,江波,郭彬程,等.岩性油气藏勘探的沉积体系域表征技术———以柴达木盆地为例[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(4):358-361.
[24]张善文,王英民,李群.应用坡折带理论寻找隐蔽油气藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):5-8.
[25]党玉琪,尹成明,赵东升.柴达木盆地西部地区古近纪与新近纪沉积相[J].古地理学报,2004,6(3):297-306.
[26]党玉琪,张道伟,徐子远,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系沉积相与生物气成藏[J].古地理学报,2004,6(1):110-118.
[27]张敏,尹成明,寿建峰,等.柴达木盆地西部地区古近系及新近系碳酸盐岩沉积相[J].古地理学报,2004,6(4):391-400.
[28]杨永泰,张宝民,李伟,等.柴达木盆地北缘层序地层与沉积相研究[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):145-151.
[29]林畅松,张燕梅,刘景彦,等.高精度层序地层学和储层预测[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):111-117.
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