冲绳海槽南部A23孔浊流沉积层的粒度特征
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摘要
对取自冲绳海槽南部的A23孔中浊积层的沉积层序特征进行了详细研究,结果表明,浊积层在平均粒径、分选系数、偏态、峰态等粒度参数、粒度组成、粒度分布上表现出显著的特征性。以A层(342～362cm)为例,浊积层的平均粒径在层内具有细-粗-细的变化,粒度分布呈以粗粒组分为主的双峰分布,正常沉积则为以细粒组分为主的单峰分布;在C M粒度图上,砂质层的投点规律性地平行于C=M线性排列,表现出典型的浊流沉积特征。A层浊积层在层序上与典型的鲍马层序存在一定的差异,可能反映了浊流层序的区域性特征。通过上述结果和其他资料,认为冲绳海槽南部A23孔中浊流沉积层的形成主要由地震引起,而小规模浊积层的发育可能是海底峡谷中的内波/内潮汐作用的结果。
Sequence characteristics of turbidite layers in Core A23 from the southern Okinawa Trough have been analyzed in detail. The grain-size analysis results show that the grain-size parameters, distribution, compositions of the turbidite layers are evidently distinguishable compared with those of normal sediments (non-turbidite). Taking Layer A in Core 23 as a typical example, we can understand the sequence characteristics and the sedimentation process of the turbidite layers. The grain-size distribution curve of Layer A sediments is characterized by “Bi-modal” type, whose main population is coarse grain (>32μm), while the normal sediments is “Uni-modal”. In the C-M diagram, the samples are plotted linearly parallel to the line of C=M, which is distinctly characteristic of turbidite sediments. The small difference in sequence compositions between Layer A and classical “Bauma Sequence” may reflect the regional differences among the turbidite sediments. According to the analysis results and other information, we suggest that the large-scale turbidite layers were mainly caused by earthquake, and the small-scale layers may be the results of regional internal wave and/or internal tides that occurred in the submarine canyons in the western margin of the Trough. The turbidite frequency varied greatly in the longer geological time scale, but the relationship between the turbidite sedimentation and the sea-level change is unclear because of the lack of the chronological data.
Sequence characteristics of turbidite layers in Core A23 from the southern Okinawa Trough have been analyzed in detail. The grain-size analysis results show that the grain-size parameters, distribution, compositions of the turbidite layers are evidently distinguishable compared with those of normal sediments (non-turbidite). Taking Layer A in Core 23 as a typical example, we can understand the sequence characteristics and the sedimentation process of the turbidite layers. The grain-size distribution curve of Layer A sediments is characterized by “Bi-modal” type, whose main population is coarse grain (>32μm), while the normal sediments is “Uni-modal”. In the C-M diagram, the samples are plotted linearly parallel to the line of C=M, which is distinctly characteristic of turbidite sediments. The small difference in sequence compositions between Layer A and classical “Bauma Sequence” may reflect the regional differences among the turbidite sediments. According to the analysis results and other information, we suggest that the large-scale turbidite layers were mainly caused by earthquake, and the small-scale layers may be the results of regional internal wave and/or internal tides that occurred in the submarine canyons in the western margin of the Trough. The turbidite frequency varied greatly in the longer geological time scale, but the relationship between the turbidite sedimentation and the sea-level change is unclear because of the lack of the chronological data.
引文
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[10]鹿化煜,苗晓东,孙有斌.前处理步骤与方法对风成红粘土粒度测量的影响[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(3):129—135.[LUHua yu,MIAOXiao dong,SUNYou bin.Pretreatmentmethodsandtheirinfluenceonthegrain-size measurementofAeolian“RedClay”inNorthChina[J].Marine GeologyandQuaternaryGeology,2002,22(3):129—135.]
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[14]PassegaR.Textureascharacteristicsofclasticdeposition[J].Bull.AAPG,1957,41:1952—1984.
[15]BaumaAH.SedimentologyofSomeFlyschDeposits[M].Elsevier,Amsterdam,1962.
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[17]谢钦春,叶银灿,陆炳文.东海陆架坡折地形和沉积作用过程[J].海洋学报,1984(6):61—71.[XIEQin chun,YE Yin can,LUBing wen.Geomorphologyandsedimentation processesinEastChinaSeacontinentalshelfbreak[J].Acta OceanologiaSinica,1984(6):61—71.]
[18]李巍然,杨作升,王琦,等.冲绳海槽陆源碎屑峡谷通道搬运与海底扇沉积[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(4):371—380.[LI Wei ran,YANGZuo sheng,WANGQi,etal.Terrigenous transportationthroughcanyonandsedimentationofsubma rinefanintheOkinawaTrough[J].OceanologiaetLimno logiaActa,2001,32(4):371—380.]
[19]SibuetJC,DeffontainesB,HsuSK,etal.OkinawaTrough backarcbasin:earlytectonicandmagmaticevolution[J].JournalofGeophysicalResearch,1998,103:30245—30267.
[20]SchmidtS,deStigterHC,vanWeeringTCE.Enhanced short termsedimentdepositionwithintheNazar啨Canyon,North eastAtlantic[J].MarineGeology,2001,173:55—67.
[21]ChungYC,HungGW.Particulatefluxesandtransportson theslopebetweenthesouthernEastChinaSeaandtheSouth OkinawaTrough[J].ContinentalShelfResearch,2000,20:571—597.
[22]YanagiT,MorimotoA,IchikawaK.Seasonalvariationin surfacecirculationoftheEastChinaSeaandtheYellowSea derivedfromsatellitealtimetricdata[J].ContinentalShelf Research,1997,17(6):655—664.
[23]ShipboardScientificParty.Chapter5,Site1202,inProceed ingoftheOceanDrillingProgram,InitialReports,Volume195[R].2002.
[2]潘志良,石斯器.冲绳海槽沉积物及其沉积作用的研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1986,6(1):17—29.[PANZhi liang,SHISi qi.Thestudyonthesedimentsandthesedimentation inOkinawaTrough[J].MarineGeologyandQuaternaryGe ology,1986,6(1):17—29.]
[3]郑铁民,徐善民,徐志明.冲绳海槽表层沉积物沉积特征的初步研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1986,20(2):113—121.[ZHENG Tie min,XUShan min,XUZhi ming.Preliminarystudyon thesedimentationcharacteristicsofsurfacesedimentsinOki nawaTrough[J].OceanologiaetLimnologiaActa,1986,20(2):113—121.]
[4]张明书.冲绳海槽沉积物分类和层序划分的初步意见[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1986,6(2):31—40.[ZHANGMing shu.Preliminaryideaforthesedimentclassificationandse quencesinOkinawaTrough[J].MarineGeologyandQuater naryGeology,1986,6(2):31—40.]
[5]袁迎如.冲绳海槽沉积物的粒度[J].东海海洋,1986,4(3):42—49.[YUANYing ru.Sedimentgrain sizeofOkinawa Trough[J].EastChinaSea,1986,4(3):42—49.]
[6]袁迎如,陈冠球,杨文达,等.冲绳海槽沉积物的特征[J].海洋学报,1987,9(3):353—360.[YUANYing ru,CHENGuan qiu,YANGWen da,etal.TheCharacteristicsofsedimentsin OkinawaTrough[J].ActaOceanologiaSinica,1987,9(3):353—360.]
[7]秦蕴珊.冲绳海槽的火山沉积和浊流沉积[A].当代海洋科学学科前沿[M].北京:学苑出版社,2000.190—191.[QIN Yun shan.VolcanicandturbiditesedimentationinOkinawa Trough[A].FrontiersofContemporaryMarineScience[M].Beijing:XueyuanPress,2000.190—191.]
[8]ReaDK,JaneckTR.MassAccumulationRatesoftheNon authigenicInorganicCrystalline(eolian)Componentsfromthe WesternMid-PacificMountains[R].DeepSeaDrillingPro jectSite463(edsbyThiedeetal.),InitialReportofDeepSea DrillProject.1981,62:653—659.
[9]孙有斌,高抒,鹿化煜.前处理方法对北黄海沉积物粒度的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(6):665—671.[SUNYou bin,GAOShu,LUHua yu.Influenceofdifferentpretreatment proceduresontheparticlesizedistributionofsurficialsedi mentsintheNorthernYellowSea[J].OceanologiaetLimno logiaActa,2001,32(6):665—671.]
[10]鹿化煜,苗晓东,孙有斌.前处理步骤与方法对风成红粘土粒度测量的影响[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(3):129—135.[LUHua yu,MIAOXiao dong,SUNYou bin.Pretreatmentmethodsandtheirinfluenceonthegrain-size measurementofAeolian“RedClay”inNorthChina[J].Marine GeologyandQuaternaryGeology,2002,22(3):129—135.]
[11]McManusJ.Grain sizedeterminationandinterpretation[A].TechniquesinSedimentology[M].Backwell,Oxford,1988.63—85.
[12]NakajimaT,KanaiY.Sedimentaryfeaturesofseismoturbid itestriggeredbythe1983andolderhistoricalearthquakesin theeasternmarginoftheJapanSea[J].SedimentaryGeolo gy,2000,135:1—19.
[13]ShikiT,KumonF,InouchiY,etal.Sedimentaryfeaturesof theseismo turbidites,LakeBiwa,Japan[J].Sedimentary Geology,2000,135(14):37—50.
[14]PassegaR.Textureascharacteristicsofclasticdeposition[J].Bull.AAPG,1957,41:1952—1984.
[15]BaumaAH.SedimentologyofSomeFlyschDeposits[M].Elsevier,Amsterdam,1962.
[16]PrinsMA,PostmaG,WeltjeGJ.Controlsonterrigenous sedimentsupplytotheArabianSeaduringthelateQuaterna ry:theMakrancontinentalslope[J].MarineGeology,2000,169:351—371.
[17]谢钦春,叶银灿,陆炳文.东海陆架坡折地形和沉积作用过程[J].海洋学报,1984(6):61—71.[XIEQin chun,YE Yin can,LUBing wen.Geomorphologyandsedimentation processesinEastChinaSeacontinentalshelfbreak[J].Acta OceanologiaSinica,1984(6):61—71.]
[18]李巍然,杨作升,王琦,等.冲绳海槽陆源碎屑峡谷通道搬运与海底扇沉积[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(4):371—380.[LI Wei ran,YANGZuo sheng,WANGQi,etal.Terrigenous transportationthroughcanyonandsedimentationofsubma rinefanintheOkinawaTrough[J].OceanologiaetLimno logiaActa,2001,32(4):371—380.]
[19]SibuetJC,DeffontainesB,HsuSK,etal.OkinawaTrough backarcbasin:earlytectonicandmagmaticevolution[J].JournalofGeophysicalResearch,1998,103:30245—30267.
[20]SchmidtS,deStigterHC,vanWeeringTCE.Enhanced short termsedimentdepositionwithintheNazar啨Canyon,North eastAtlantic[J].MarineGeology,2001,173:55—67.
[21]ChungYC,HungGW.Particulatefluxesandtransportson theslopebetweenthesouthernEastChinaSeaandtheSouth OkinawaTrough[J].ContinentalShelfResearch,2000,20:571—597.
[22]YanagiT,MorimotoA,IchikawaK.Seasonalvariationin surfacecirculationoftheEastChinaSeaandtheYellowSea derivedfromsatellitealtimetricdata[J].ContinentalShelf Research,1997,17(6):655—664.
[23]ShipboardScientificParty.Chapter5,Site1202,inProceed ingoftheOceanDrillingProgram,InitialReports,Volume195[R].2002.
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