地气的宏观效应与微观效应
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摘要
根据地球内部气体 (地气 )的释放特征及对生态环境产生的影响 ,文中提出了地气的宏观效应及地气的微观效应的概念。地气的宏观效应主要是由地球内部大量气体的突然释放所引起 ,它具有突发性、宏观性及难于研究的特点。地气宏观效应有多种表现形式 ,如火山爆发、地震前后排气及一些大的自然灾害及自然现象等。地气的微观效应则是由地球内部气体持续微观释放所引起 ,它具有普遍性、微观性及可研究的特点。地气的微观排放及地气作用下物质的远距离迁移是地气微观效应的主要表现形式。研究地气的微观排放对于研究温室气体及气候变化有重要意义 ,而研究地气作用下物质的远距离迁移现象对于石油、金属矿的勘探以及在环境研究中都有重要的意义。本文阐述了地气宏观效应及地气微观效应的定义、特点、表现形式及其研究意义。
According to the emanation feature of gas within the Earth (geogas) and the impact of geogas on the earth environment, two concept—macroimpact and microimpact of geogas are put forward in this paper. The macroimpact of geogas is linked with the abrupt emanation of gas within the Earth, and its abrupt occurrence and macroscopical scale are obstacles to the study of the impact. The macroimpact of geogas has various forms,e g volcano abruption, degassing before and after earthquake, some tremendous nature calamities,and so on. The microimpact of geogas is related with the continuous microemanation of gases within the Earth, it occurs universally but microscopically on the earth and is relatively easier to study.The microemanation of gases and matter transport under the action of geogas flow are the two main forms of microimpact. The study of the microemanation of gases is significant in the study of greenhouse gases, and matter transport under the action of geogas flow— in the oil,gases and mineral deposits prospecting and in the environmental research. The concepts of macroimpact and microimpact of geogas are given in this paper, and their features,forms and significance in geoscientific research are discussed.
According to the emanation feature of gas within the Earth (geogas) and the impact of geogas on the earth environment, two concept—macroimpact and microimpact of geogas are put forward in this paper. The macroimpact of geogas is linked with the abrupt emanation of gas within the Earth, and its abrupt occurrence and macroscopical scale are obstacles to the study of the impact. The macroimpact of geogas has various forms,e g volcano abruption, degassing before and after earthquake, some tremendous nature calamities,and so on. The microimpact of geogas is related with the continuous microemanation of gases within the Earth, it occurs universally but microscopically on the earth and is relatively easier to study.The microemanation of gases and matter transport under the action of geogas flow are the two main forms of microimpact. The study of the microemanation of gases is significant in the study of greenhouse gases, and matter transport under the action of geogas flow— in the oil,gases and mineral deposits prospecting and in the environmental research. The concepts of macroimpact and microimpact of geogas are given in this paper, and their features,forms and significance in geoscientific research are discussed.
引文
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[3] BACHW ,NAUMANND ,ERZINGERJ.Ahelium,argon,andnitrogenrecordoftheuppercontinentalcrust(KTBdrillholes,Oberpfalz,Germany):Implicationsforcrustaldegassing[J].ChemicalGeology,1999,160(12):81101.
[4] WANGXianbin,CHENGJianfa,XUSheng.Geochemicalfea turesofhotspringgasesinseismicarea[J].ScienceinChina(SeriesB),1992,22(8):849854(inChinese). [王先彬,陈践发,徐胜.地震区温泉气体的地球化学特征[J].中国科学(B),1992,22(8):849854.]
[5] SHANGGUANZhiguan,ZHENGYaqin,DONGJichuan.Mate rialsourcesofescapedgasesfromTianchivolcanicgeothermalarea,ChangbaiMountains[J].ScienceinChina(SeriesD ),1997,27(4):318324(inChinese). [上官志冠,郑雅琴,董继川.长白山天池火山地热区逸出气体的物质来源[J].中国科学(D),1997,27(4):318324.]
[6] SHANGGUANZhiguan,BAIChunhua,SUNMingliang.Man tle derivedmagmaticgasreleasingfeaturesattheRehaiarea,TengchongCounty,YunnanProvince,China[J].ScienceinChina(SeriesD),2000,30(4):407414(inChinese).[上官志冠,白春华,孙明良.腾冲热海地区现代幔源岩浆气体释放特征[J].中国科学(D),2000,30(4):407414.]
[7] WOODBJ .Hydrogen:animportantconstituentofthecore[J].Science,1997,278:1727.
[8] CHENGFeng.Hydrogen—importantresourceofdeepfluidwithintheEarth[J].EarthScienceFrontiers,1996,3(3):7279(inChinese). [陈丰.氢———地球深部流体的重要源泉[J].地学前缘,1996,3(3):7279.]
[9] ANDERSENT ,NEUMANNER .Fluidinclusionsinmantlexenoliths[J].Lithos,2001,55(14):301320.
[10] ETIOPEG ,HAKLJ .The“geogas”theory[A].HUNYADI ,CSIGEI ,HAKLJ.Proceedingsofthe5thInternationalCon ferenceonRareGasGeochemistry[C \〗.Debrecen:Hungary,1999.
[11] DULetian.Outgassingoftheearth—akeyoutlinefortheframe workofwholeearthscience[J].EarthScienceFrontiers,2000,7(2):382290(inChinese). [杜乐天.地球排气作用———建立整体地球科学的一条总纲[J].地学前缘,2000,7(2):382290.]
[12] FUWAKeiichiro.ManualofEarthEnvironment[M ].Beijing:ChinaEnvironmentPublisher,1995(inChinese). [不和敬一郎地球环境手册[M].北京:中国环境出版社,1995]
[13] CLARKET TamingAfrica skillerlake[J].Nature,2001,409:554555.
[14] MICHAELLS ,CHRISTOPHERDF ,WILLIAMCE ,etal.InvisibleCO2GasKillingTreesatMammothMountain,Cal ifornia[Z].http//quake.wr.usgs.gov/volcanoes/longvalley.
[15] BIONDIF ,FESSENDENJE .ResponseoflodgepolepinegrowthtoCO2 degassingatMammothMountain,California[J].Ecology,1999,80(7):24202426
[16] HILLPM .Possibleasphyxiationfromcarbondioxideofacross countryskierineasternCalifornia:adeadlyvolcanichazard[J].WildernessEnvironMed,2000(11):192195.
[17] QIANGZuji,LINChanggong,LILingzhi,etal.Satellitether malinfraredtemperaturespotimaginganomaly—precursorsofimpendingearthquakes[J].ScienceinChina,1998,28(6):564574(inChinese). [强祖基,赁常恭,李玲芝,等卫星热红外图像亮温异常———短临震兆[J]中国科学,1998,28(6):564574.]
[18] KONGLingchang,QIANGZuji.Researchofgassuddenlyre leasedfromthecrustandnaturecalamityevent[J].Northwest ernSeismologicalJournal,1996,18(1):4246(inChinese). [孔令昌,强祖基.地壳突发性放气与灾害事件的研究[J].西北地震学报,1996,18(1):4246.]
[19] WUJinbing,GUOAnhong.AdiscussiononcatastrophicdisasterchainintheNorthChinaanditsvicinity[J].JournalofNatureDisasters,2001,10(10):1216(inChinese). [吴瑾冰,郭安红.华北及邻近地区的巨灾链[J].自然灾害学报,2001,10(1):1216.]
[20] DULetian.ThetremendousfloodingofYangtseRiverin1998causedbyriftvalleygaswall[Z].AnnalsofChinaGeophysicsAssociation,1999(inChinese). [杜乐天.1998年长江特大暴雨洪灾的裂谷气墙成因[Z].中国地球物理学会年报,1999.]
[21] DULetian.ThepossiblecausesofthenaturalhazardsfromdeepfluidsofEarth sinterior[J].EarthScienceFrontiers,1996,3(4):298305(inChinese). [杜乐天.自然灾害可能的深部流体肇因[J].地学前缘,1996,3(4):298305.]
[22] DULetian.Therealcausesofsomeareo andmarine calamities[Z].AnnalsofChinaGeophysicsAssociation,2000(inChi nese). [杜乐天.一些空难、海难的真正肇因[Z].中国?
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