东海陆坡及相邻槽底天然气水合物的稳定域分析
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摘要
利用实测的海底温度和海底热流资料对东海陆坡和冲绳海槽中轴以西的槽底地区的海底温度场和热流场进行了分析 .利用地震声纳浮标和OBS(OceanBottomSeismometer)资料将本研究区的地层划分为 6层 ,自上而下地层的速度分别为 1.8(1.8～ 2 .2 )km s、2 .2 (2 .0～ 2 .5 )km s、2 .8(2 .7～ 3.2 )km s、3.4～ 3.6km s、4 .2 (4 .1～ 4 .7)km s、5 .1km s.上部的 1.8～ 2 .2km s的速度层相当于第四纪的地层 ,2 .8km s的速度层相当于上新世上部的地层 ,3.4～4 .2km s的速度层相当于上新世下部的地层 .天然气水合物稳定域覆盖的面积从水深约 5 0 0m的陆坡下缘到冲绳海槽的中轴部分约 70 0 0 0km2 ,相当于整个东海海域面积的十分之一 .稳定带的厚度从 4 0 0m(研究区中部 )到 110 0m(研究区北部和南部 )不等 .适合水合物稳定赋存的地层主要是第四纪 (1.8km s、2 .2km s)和上新世的地层(2 .8km s) .根据热流、构造活动性和稳定带的厚度分析 ,研究区北部和南部更适合天然气水合物的稳定赋存 .
We analyze the distribution of temperature and heat flow of the sea floor sediment in the area of East China Sea slope and West basin area of the Okinawa Trough. Based on the Sonar Buoy and OBS data, 6 velocity layers are recognized, each of which has velocity of 1.8(1.8～2.2) km/s,2.2(2.0～2.5)km/s,2.8(2.7～3.2)km/s,3.4～3.6km/s,4.2(4.1～4.7)km/s and 5.1km/s,respectively.The upper velocity layer of 1.8～2.2 km/s corresponds to the Quaternary sediment stratum. The layer with velocity 3.4～4.2km/s is the Pliocene sediment stratum. The area that is suitable for stable existence of gas hydrate by the temperature and pressure is 70,000km2 about 1/10 the total area of East China Sea. The thickness of the stability zone ranges from 400m (Middle Part of Okinawa Trough) to 1100m (North and South Part of Okinawa Trough). The Quaternary and Pliocene layers are suitable for stable exitence of gas hydrate. According to the tectonic stability and heat flow, the north part and south part of the Okinawa Trough are the most perspective area for the gas hydrate explorations.
We analyze the distribution of temperature and heat flow of the sea floor sediment in the area of East China Sea slope and West basin area of the Okinawa Trough. Based on the Sonar Buoy and OBS data, 6 velocity layers are recognized, each of which has velocity of 1.8(1.8～2.2) km/s,2.2(2.0～2.5)km/s,2.8(2.7～3.2)km/s,3.4～3.6km/s,4.2(4.1～4.7)km/s and 5.1km/s,respectively.The upper velocity layer of 1.8～2.2 km/s corresponds to the Quaternary sediment stratum. The layer with velocity 3.4～4.2km/s is the Pliocene sediment stratum. The area that is suitable for stable existence of gas hydrate by the temperature and pressure is 70,000km2 about 1/10 the total area of East China Sea. The thickness of the stability zone ranges from 400m (Middle Part of Okinawa Trough) to 1100m (North and South Part of Okinawa Trough). The Quaternary and Pliocene layers are suitable for stable exitence of gas hydrate. According to the tectonic stability and heat flow, the north part and south part of the Okinawa Trough are the most perspective area for the gas hydrate explorations.
引文
1)栾锡武.EA02、EA04区块地球物理补充调查研究报告.青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2001.
2)刘保华.EA03区块地球物理补充调查研究报告.青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2001.
1)栾锡武,张训华.东海地震反射波组的特征和层序划分,黄海、东海海域地球物理特征.青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2001.
[1] 秦蕴珊,赵一阳,陈立蓉主编.东海地质.北京:科学出版社,1987QINYunshan,ZHAOYiyang,CHENLirong.EastChinaSeaGeology.Beijing:SciencePress,1987
[2] 刘光鼎主编.中国海区及邻域地质地球物理特征.北京:科学出版社,1992LIUGuangdingeds.GeologicGeophysicFeaturesofChinaSeasandAdjacentRegions.Beijing:SciencePress,1992
[3] 金翔龙主编.东海海洋地质.北京:海洋出版社,1992JINXianglongeds.MarineGeologyofEastChinaSea.Beijing:OceanicPress,1992
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[6] 翟世奎,陈立蓉,张海启.冲绳海槽的岩浆作用与海底热液活动.北京:海洋出版社,2001ZHAIShikui,CHENLirong,ZHANGHaiqi.MagmaticActivityandHydrothermalActivityoftheOkinawaTrough.Beijing:OceanicPress,2001
[7] 栾锡武,石耀霖.冲绳海槽地球动力学热模拟.海洋科学集刊,1995,36:129～135LUANXiwu,SHIYaolin.ThermaldynamicmodelingofOkinawatrough.StudiaMarinaSinica,1995,36:129～135
[8] 方银霞,金翔龙,杨树峰.冲绳海槽西北边坡天然气水合物的初步研究.海洋学报,2000,22(增刊):49～52FANGYinxia,JINXianglong,YANGShufeng.GashydratestudyoftheNorthwestslopemarginoftheOkinawaTrough.ActaOceaniologicSinica,2000,22(Suppl.):49～52
[9] 孟宪伟,刘保华,石学法等.冲绳海槽中段西陆坡下缘天然气水合物存在的可能性分析.沉积学报,2000,18(4):629～633MENGXianwei,LIUBaohua,SHIXuefa,etal.ThepossibilityexistenceofgashydrateinthelowerslopemarginofmiddleOkinawaTrough.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,2000,18(4):629～633
[10] 栾锡武,初凤友,赵一阳等.我国东海及邻近海域气体水合物可能的分布范围.沉积学报,2001,19(2):315～321LUANXiwu,CHUFengyou,ZHAOYiyang,etal.ThepossibledistributionofgashydrateintheareaofEastChinaSeaanditsvicinity.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,2001,19(2):315～321
[11] FradayM .Onthecondendationofseveralgasesintoliquids.Phil.Trans.,1823,22:189
[12] VillardM .Dissolutiondesliquidesetdessolidsdanslesgaz.Campt.Rend.,1888,106～453
[13] KobayashiR ,KatzDL .Methanehydrateathighpressure.Petrol.Technol.,1949,1～66
[14] KvenvoldenKA ,McMenaminMA .Hydrocarbongasesinsedimentoftheshelf,slope,andbasinoftheBeringSea.Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta,1980,44:1145～1150
[15] MacDonaldGJ.Thefutureofmethaneasanenergyresource.AnnualReviewofEnergy,1990,15:53～83
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[18] 栾锡武.琉球沟弧盆系海底热流分布特征及冲绳海槽热演化的数值模拟.海洋与湖沼,1997,28(1):44～49LUANXiwu.StudyofheatflowdistributionofRyukyuT A BasystemandthermaldynamicmodelingofOkinawaTrough.OceanologiaetLimnologiaSinica,1997,28(1):44～49
[19] YamanoM ,UyedaS ,KinoshitaH ,etal.ReportonDELP 1984cruisesintheMiddleOkinawatroug,PartⅣ:Heatflowmeasurements.Bull.Earthq.Res.Inst.Univ.Tokyo,1986,61:251～267
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[21] MurauchiS ,DenN ,AsanoS ,etal.CrustalstructureofthePilippineSea.J.Geophs.Res.,1968,73:3143～3171
[22] LeeCS ,Jr.ShorGG ,BibeLD .OkinawaTrough:Originofaback arcbasin.MarineGeology,1980,35:219～241
[23] LudwigWS ,MurauchS ,DenN ,etal.StructureofeastChinaSea westPilippineSeamarginoffsouthernKyushu,Japan.J .Gophys.Res.,1973,78:2526～2536
[24] LeydenR ,EwingM ,MurauchiS .SonobuoyrefractionmeasurementintheEastChinaSea.Am.Assoc.Petrol.Geol.Bull.,1973,57(12):2396～2403
[25] HirataN ,KinoshitaH ,LataoH .ReportonDELP 1988cruisesintheOkinawaTrough.Part3,CrustalstructureofthesouthernOkinawaTrough.Bull.Earthq.Res.Inst.,Univ.Toyo,1991,66:37～70
[26] 栾锡武,高德章,喻普之等.中国东海及邻近海域一条剖面的地壳
2)刘保华.EA03区块地球物理补充调查研究报告.青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2001.
1)栾锡武,张训华.东海地震反射波组的特征和层序划分,黄海、东海海域地球物理特征.青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2001.
[1] 秦蕴珊,赵一阳,陈立蓉主编.东海地质.北京:科学出版社,1987QINYunshan,ZHAOYiyang,CHENLirong.EastChinaSeaGeology.Beijing:SciencePress,1987
[2] 刘光鼎主编.中国海区及邻域地质地球物理特征.北京:科学出版社,1992LIUGuangdingeds.GeologicGeophysicFeaturesofChinaSeasandAdjacentRegions.Beijing:SciencePress,1992
[3] 金翔龙主编.东海海洋地质.北京:海洋出版社,1992JINXianglongeds.MarineGeologyofEastChinaSea.Beijing:OceanicPress,1992
[4] 许东禹主编.中国近海地质.北京:地震出版社,1997XUDongyueds.OffshoreGeologyofChinaSeas.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1997
[5] 李乃胜主编.冲绳海槽地热.青岛:青岛出版社,1995LINaishengeds.HeatFlowofOkinawaTrough.Qingdao:QingdaoPress,1995
[6] 翟世奎,陈立蓉,张海启.冲绳海槽的岩浆作用与海底热液活动.北京:海洋出版社,2001ZHAIShikui,CHENLirong,ZHANGHaiqi.MagmaticActivityandHydrothermalActivityoftheOkinawaTrough.Beijing:OceanicPress,2001
[7] 栾锡武,石耀霖.冲绳海槽地球动力学热模拟.海洋科学集刊,1995,36:129～135LUANXiwu,SHIYaolin.ThermaldynamicmodelingofOkinawatrough.StudiaMarinaSinica,1995,36:129～135
[8] 方银霞,金翔龙,杨树峰.冲绳海槽西北边坡天然气水合物的初步研究.海洋学报,2000,22(增刊):49～52FANGYinxia,JINXianglong,YANGShufeng.GashydratestudyoftheNorthwestslopemarginoftheOkinawaTrough.ActaOceaniologicSinica,2000,22(Suppl.):49～52
[9] 孟宪伟,刘保华,石学法等.冲绳海槽中段西陆坡下缘天然气水合物存在的可能性分析.沉积学报,2000,18(4):629～633MENGXianwei,LIUBaohua,SHIXuefa,etal.ThepossibilityexistenceofgashydrateinthelowerslopemarginofmiddleOkinawaTrough.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,2000,18(4):629～633
[10] 栾锡武,初凤友,赵一阳等.我国东海及邻近海域气体水合物可能的分布范围.沉积学报,2001,19(2):315～321LUANXiwu,CHUFengyou,ZHAOYiyang,etal.ThepossibledistributionofgashydrateintheareaofEastChinaSeaanditsvicinity.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,2001,19(2):315～321
[11] FradayM .Onthecondendationofseveralgasesintoliquids.Phil.Trans.,1823,22:189
[12] VillardM .Dissolutiondesliquidesetdessolidsdanslesgaz.Campt.Rend.,1888,106～453
[13] KobayashiR ,KatzDL .Methanehydrateathighpressure.Petrol.Technol.,1949,1～66
[14] KvenvoldenKA ,McMenaminMA .Hydrocarbongasesinsedimentoftheshelf,slope,andbasinoftheBeringSea.Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta,1980,44:1145～1150
[15] MacDonaldGJ.Thefutureofmethaneasanenergyresource.AnnualReviewofEnergy,1990,15:53～83
[16] 喻普之,李乃胜主编.东海地壳热流.北京:海洋出版社,1992.50～57YUPuzhi,LINaishengeds.HeatFlowofEastChinaSea.Beijing:OceanicPress,1992.50～57
[17] YasuiM ,EppD ,NagasakaK ,etal.TerresstrialheatflowintheseasroundtheNanseiShoto(RyukyuIslands).Tectonophysics,1970,10:225～234
[18] 栾锡武.琉球沟弧盆系海底热流分布特征及冲绳海槽热演化的数值模拟.海洋与湖沼,1997,28(1):44～49LUANXiwu.StudyofheatflowdistributionofRyukyuT A BasystemandthermaldynamicmodelingofOkinawaTrough.OceanologiaetLimnologiaSinica,1997,28(1):44～49
[19] YamanoM ,UyedaS ,KinoshitaH ,etal.ReportonDELP 1984cruisesintheMiddleOkinawatroug,PartⅣ:Heatflowmeasurements.Bull.Earthq.Res.Inst.Univ.Tokyo,1986,61:251～267
[20] YamanoM ,UyedaS ,FruukawaY ,etal.HeatflowmeasurementsinthenorthandmiddleRyukyuarcareaonR VSONNEin1984.Bull.Earthq.Res.Inst.Univ.Tokyo,1986,61:311～327
[21] MurauchiS ,DenN ,AsanoS ,etal.CrustalstructureofthePilippineSea.J.Geophs.Res.,1968,73:3143～3171
[22] LeeCS ,Jr.ShorGG ,BibeLD .OkinawaTrough:Originofaback arcbasin.MarineGeology,1980,35:219～241
[23] LudwigWS ,MurauchS ,DenN ,etal.StructureofeastChinaSea westPilippineSeamarginoffsouthernKyushu,Japan.J .Gophys.Res.,1973,78:2526～2536
[24] LeydenR ,EwingM ,MurauchiS .SonobuoyrefractionmeasurementintheEastChinaSea.Am.Assoc.Petrol.Geol.Bull.,1973,57(12):2396～2403
[25] HirataN ,KinoshitaH ,LataoH .ReportonDELP 1988cruisesintheOkinawaTrough.Part3,CrustalstructureofthesouthernOkinawaTrough.Bull.Earthq.Res.Inst.,Univ.Toyo,1991,66:37～70
[26] 栾锡武,高德章,喻普之等.中国东海及邻近海域一条剖面的地壳
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